Abstract: Various examples are provided for isolated voltage optimization and control. In one example, a stackable isolated voltage optimization module (SIVOM) includes a transformer having a turns ratio between a primary winding and a secondary winding; a switching circuit configured to energize the secondary winding with a voltage provided from the three-phase power system or short the secondary winding; and a connection block configured to couple the switching circuitry to the first phase and a neutral, or to second and third phases of the three-phase power system. In another example, a system includes a SIVOM coupled to each phase of a three-phase power system, where each SIVOM comprises: a transformer and a switching circuit configured to boost or buck a voltage or change a phase angle of the phase coupled to that SIVOM by energizing a secondary winding of the transformer with a voltage provided from the three-phase power system.

Abstract: Provided is a reactor in which a resin is sufficiently filled into winding portions. The reactor includes a coil having a first winding portion and a second winding portion and a magnetic core having an inner core portion and an outer core portion. The outer core portion includes a first groove portion and a second groove portion that are open to a coil facing surface opposite to the coil. When viewed from the axial direction of the first winding portion, the opening of the first groove portion is located at a first region between the outer circumferential contour of the first winding portion and the outer circumferential contour of the inner core portion that is disposed inside of the first winding portion. The inner resin portion and the outer resin portion are connected via the first groove portion and the second groove portion.

Abstract: An electrical component includes a conductor having a plurality of conductor sections. The conductor sections are electrically short-circuited. The short circuit is at least partially eliminated when the temperature of the component exceeds a threshold or limit value. An electrical circuit including the component and a method for increasing the inductance of an electrical component having a conductor, are also provided.

Abstract: A reactor unit includes a plurality of reactors and a cooler. An inside of the cooler serves as a flow passage of refrigerant, and the reactors are mounted on an outside surface of a bottom plate of the cooler. The bottom plate separates the flow passage from an outside. A plurality of fins is provided on a surface of the bottom plate on the flow passage side. A flat portion in which the fins are not erected is provided in a first region and a second region. The first region is a region of the surface of the bottom plate on the flow passage side and corresponds to a space between a pair of coils of the reactor. The second region corresponds to each of four corners of each of the reactors in a plan view of the bottom plate.

Abstract: Nested microstrip systems and methods, and systems and methods encompassing same, are disclosed herein. In one example, a nested microstrip system includes a printed circuit board (PCB) having first and second layer levels, where first and second conductive traces are positioned at the second layer level. The first conductive trace is configured to include an orifice, and to extend between first and second locations along a first path, and the second conductive trace is positioned within the orifice. A non-conductive gap portion of the orifice exists between the first and second conductive traces so that the second conductive trace is electrically isolated from the first conductive trace. One or more first electromagnetic signals can be propagated along a first part of the first conductive trace, and one or more second electromagnetic signals can be propagated along at least a second part of the second conductive trace.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus described herein are associated with integrated magnetic induction devices. A magnetic induction device can include a groove formed in a substrate, a magnetic core included in the groove and surrounded by a conductive winding that is adjacent to portion(s) of the substrate, and respective insulation layers included between the substrate and the conductive winding and between the magnetic core and the conductive winding. An inductor can further include conductive vias formed in the substrate and connected to respective portions of the conductive winding. Further, a transformer can include a groove formed in a substrate, a closed-loop/gapped magnetic core included in the groove and surrounded by first and second conductive windings that are adjacent to respective portions of the substrate, and respective insulation layers formed between the substrate and the first and second conductive windings, and between the closed-loop/gapped magnetic core and the first and second conductive windings.

Abstract: An electrical inductor assembly includes an inductor core having a relatively circular geometry. Also included is a wire guide surrounding and retaining the inductor core, the wire guide having a plurality of slots for retaining and guiding a plurality of wires. Further included is an outer housing surrounding and retaining the wire guide and a substance disposed within at least one of the plurality of slots of the wire guide.

Abstract: At least one graphene layer is formed to laterally surround a tube so that the basal plane of each graphene layer is tangential to the local surface of the tube on which the graphene layer is formed. An electrically conductive path is provided around the tube for providing high conductivity electrical path provided by the basal plane of each graphene layer. The high conductivity path can be employed for high frequency applications such as coupling coils for wireless power transmission to overcome skin depth effects and proximity effects prevalent in high frequency alternating current paths.

Abstract: There is provided a chip-type coil component, including: a body formed by laminating a plurality of magnetic layers, and having a lower surface provided as a mounting area, an upper surface corresponding thereto, two end surfaces, and two lateral surfaces; conductor patterns formed on the magnetic layers, respectively, and connected to each other to have a coil structure; and external electrodes formed on at least one external surface of the body, and electrically connected to the conductor patterns, the external electrodes each being formed on the lower surface and spaced apart from edges thereof. Short circuits between electronic components may be prevented and sticking strength between the chip-type coil component and a substrate may be increased.

Abstract: A distributed active transformer is provided comprising a primary and a secondary winding. The primary winding comprises a first set of conductive vias extending in a direction between a first surface and a second surface of an element, a first set of first electrically conductive lines extending along the first surface, and a first set of second electrically conductive lines extending along the second surface. The secondary winding comprises a second set of conductive vias extending in a direction between the first surface and the second surface, a second set of first electrically conductive lines extending along the first surface, and a second set of second electrically conductive lines extending along the second surface. When energized, the primary winding generates magnetic flux extending in a direction parallel to the first surface and the second surface. The secondary winding receives energy transferred by the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding.

Abstract: There is provided a transformer, and more particularly, a transformer capable of minimizing leakage inductance while satisfying a safety standard. The transformer includes: a pipe shaped body part including a plurality of coils wound around an outer peripheral surface thereof while being stacked thereon; and flange parts extended from both ends of the body part in an outer diameter direction thereof, wherein one of the flange parts formed at one end of a winding part includes at least one lead groove therein, the lead groove being formed by being cut to be extended in the outer diameter direction, and the lead groove is divided into at least two outlets by a dividing protrusion disposed in an inner portion thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coil comprising a winding (45). The winding comprises a multi-axial cable with one shielding layer connected to ground.

Abstract: A terminal element, a motor winding structure and a manufacturing method are disclosed. The terminal element includes a fixing portion, a positioning portion and a buffering portion. The fixing portion is disposed at one end of the terminal element and has a serrate fixing pattern. The fixing portion is connected with a connecting position of the motor winding bobbin. The positioning portion is disposed adjacent to the fixing portion and urged against the motor winding structure for positioning the fixing portion while it is connected with the connecting position. The buffering portion has a first bending and a second bending, and the first bending is connected to positioning portion. The buffering portion absorbs the force applied to the terminal element.

Abstract: A transformer assembly for mounting a current transformer to an electrical apparatus. The generally toroidal current transformer senses electrical current in conductors of the electrical apparatus and has a housing. A mechanical lug for conductors of the electrical apparatus is mounted directly to the housing of the current transformer, within the central opening of the toroid. The mechanical lug has one or more conductor bores located within a main body of the mechanical lug for receiving respective conductor wires.

Abstract: A super-thin filter structure mainly has a channel furnished in the iron core with a penetrating hole furnished in the middle section thereof; a truncated angle parts is furnished at the end angles of the iron core; a containing concave part for containing the iron core is furnished and a center seat having a penetrating hole is furnished at the center thereof for placing into the penetrating hole of the iron core; a wire-guiding channels is also furnished at the bottom of the base; an upper cover is placed into the channel, and a center salient part having a penetrating hole is capable of placing into the penetrating hole and touching the center seat making the upper cover to clip the iron core in coordination with the base; a wire-guiding channels together with the wire-guiding channels is capable of simultaneously providing the winding of a coil.

Abstract: Components having a screw thread useful for mechanical fixation of the component to a corresponding component may be equipped with electrical wire following at least part of the turns of the screw thread and thereby forming at least a part of a coil. The corresponding component may have a matching screw thread, or the component of the invention may be self-tapping, in which case a matching screw thread in the corresponding component would be superfluous. The coil may be used as charging and/or power-conversion coil and/or communication antenna. The reuse of the screw thread for a coil maximizes the coil area without consuming extra space of the component. This is in particular useful in medical electrical implant devices, such as a pace maker or a neuron pace maker in deep brain stimulation, in that the maximum size of such a pace maker is very limited.

Abstract: A conductive winding module is used in a magnetic element. The conductive winding module includes multiple conductive units and multiple output terminals. The conductive units have respective hollow portions. The output terminals are arranged on the conductive units. The conductive units are folded with respect to a connecting line between the conductive units such that the hollow portions are aligned with each other to define a through-hole and the multiple output terminals are staggered to form at least three output terminals to be inserted into a circuit board.

Abstract: A transformer includes a magnetic core through which an insulated electrical first conductor extends to define a turn of winding. The first conductor is tubular, in that it defines a generally axial aperture. A plurality of electrically insulated conductive windings are twisted together to form a bundle, or a pair if only two. The bundle extends through the axial aperture, to define at least an additional turn of winding. The individual conductors of the bundle are stripped of insulation at locations without the aperture of the first conductor.

Abstract: A magnetic component having a magnetic core structure includes a core body with a notched region for reducing non-essential core material. The notched region has the cross-sectional shape of a trapezoid and includes two notch walls separated by a middle wall. The notch walls are each oriented at an obtuse angle relative to the middle notch wall. The core structure reduces the cost of manufacture and the size of the magnetic component by eliminating non-essential core material from regions of the core that have little or no impact on the magnetic performance of the component. The desired magnetic flux path in the component remains substantially unaffected by the removal of the non-essential core material. The body of the core may also include one or more angled shoulders positioned at the corners of the core body to further eliminate non-essential core material.

Abstract: A bobbin is designed to reduce the voltage stress between the winding layers of the inner winding of an inductive electronic component. A partition transversely extends from the winding surface of the bobbin to divide the winding surface into separated winding surface sections. A partition defines a passage for winding the coil from one winding surface section to the other winding surface section. Passage openings are positioned on each winding surface section relative the winding surface so that a portion of the partition is always between the passage opening and the oppositely disposed winding surface section.

Abstract: [Problems] To realize a structure that is substantially highly reliable, that solves a problem of a wire break accompanied by an application of an external force to a terminal and at the same time solves a problem of a wire break caused by heat effects during dip soldering, without causing a strength reduction of the terminal, cost increase, and wire thinning. [Means for Solution] A winding component in which a terminal 12 is disposed in a protruding manner to a bobbin 14 provided with a winding portion, and a winding end is connected to the terminal, wherein a resin protrusion 40 is formed integral with the bobbin at a foot of the terminal, the resin protrusion is shaped with a part of its circumference notched so that a side surface of the terminal partially juts out, and a wire material that is wound around the resin protrusion a plurality of times comes into contact with the terminal and is to be connected by dip soldering.

Abstract: A Nb3Sn superconducting coil can be formed from a wire including multiple unreacted strands comprising tin in contact with niobium. The strands are wound into a cable, which is then heated to react the tin and niobium to form a cable comprising reacted Nb3Sn strands. The cable comprising the reacted Nb3Sn strands are then mounted in and soldered into an electrically conductive channel to form a reacted cable-in-channel of Nb3Sn strands. The cable-in-channel of reacted Nb3Sn strands are then wound to fabricate a superconducting coil. The Nb3Sn superconducting coil can be used, for example, in a magnet structure for particle acceleration. In one example, the superconducting coil is used in a high-field superconducting synchrocyclotron.

Abstract: A solid state rotary filed electric power cogeneration unit and method is disclosed for converting a portion of the flowing current (electrons) in the neutral leads of any alternating electric power system into usable electric power (energy) without negatively changing the power status of the primary or power side of the system and simultaneously effecting more efficient functioning of the neutral and/or ground neutral portion of the system by lowering the impedance.

Abstract: An adjustable resistor embedded in a multi-layered substrate and method for forming the same. The adjustable resistor comprises: a planar resistor, having a plurality of terminals; and a plurality of connecting lines connected to the planar resistor, each of the connecting lines being drawn from each of the terminals of the planar resistor so as to form a resistor network, wherein the connecting lines are selectively broken by a process for drilling the substrate to form a number of combinations of opened connecting lines such that the resistance value of the adjustable resistor is varied and thus the resistance value of the adjustable resistor can be precisely adjusted.

Abstract: A chip-type inductor comprising includes internal magnetic material, external magnetic material disposed on opposing sides of the internal magnetic material, and a conductor formed in a space between the internal and external magnetic material. The internal and external magnetic materials form a magnetic path along which magnetic flux of a magnetic field produced by current flowing along the conductor flows. According to at least one embodiment, the flow cross-sectional area of the magnetic flux in the internal magnetic material is at least substantially equal to a sum of the flow cross-sectional areas in the external magnetic materials.

Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided with high performance high-frequency circuits in which interference caused by inductors is reduced. In a semiconductor device including a modulator circuit to modulate a carrier wave by a base band signal to output an RF signal and a demodulator circuit to demodulate the RF signal by use of the carrier wave to gain the base band signal and a local oscillator to generate the carrier wave, inductors respectively having a closed loop wire are adopted. Interference caused by mutual inductance is reduced by the closed loop wire. For example, where inductors are adopted in the modulator circuit, a closed loop wire is disposed around the outer periphery of the inductors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-voltage transformer coil with acoustic wave guiding function, which comprises a plurality of wound wires, an insulated material for packaging said wound wires to form a coil, a high-voltage connector formed on a side of said coil, and at least one wave guide formed on the other side of said coil to transmit acoustic waves generated due to discharge. The high-voltage coil for transmitting acoustic wave of the present invention is particularly suitable for cast resin transformers.

Abstract: A device for absorbing axial and radial short-circuit forces in a cable-wound inductor. A fixing member includes an inner envelope surface that surrounds the cable winding of the inductor.

Abstract: A common-mode filter with a drum type core including a core portion and flange portions. Electrodes are provided on the flange portions and a pair of wires are wound on the core portion. The wound pair of wires have ends connected to respective ones of the electrodes. Each of the flange portions has a groove between corresponding two of the electrodes and a separation protrusion for separating the groove into two lead-out groove portions. The pair of wires are wound on the core portion in such a distributed winding manner that an inter-wire distance between the pair of wires and a winding pitch between adjacent turns in each of the pair of wires are provided. The wires are one-by-one led out through the lead-out groove portions while separated by the separation protrusions so that the ends of the pair of wires are connected to respective electrodes.

Abstract: An electrical conductor winding (70) comprises a plurality of laminates of electrical insulation (72). Each laminate of electrical insulation (72) has a slot (78) on one surface (76). Each laminate of electrical insulation (70) has an electrical conductor (82) arranged in the slot (78). An electrical connector (84) connects the electrical conductor (82) in one laminate of electrical insulation (78) with the electrical conductor (82) in an adjacent laminate of electrical insulation (72). The laminates of electrical insulation (72) are arranged such that the surface (74) of one laminate of electrical insulation (72) abuts and is bonded to the surface (76) of an adjacent laminate of electrical insulation (12). The laminates of electrical insulation (12) comprise a glass-ceramic material. The electrical conductor windings allow active magnetic bearings, electric motors and electric generators to be used at temperatures up to 500° C. for example in gas turbine engines.

Abstract: The discharge lamp lighting device according to the present invention is provided with a high-voltage generating transformer which comprises a core, a secondary winding part disposed in a plurality of sections on the outside of the core, and a primary winding part disposed on the outside of the secondary winding part and in which a high-voltage side terminal of said secondary winding part is connected to a terminal of the core and a low-voltage side terminal of the secondary winding part is connected to a terminal of the primary winding part.

Abstract: The multiple concentric coil wattage converter is a non-conventional type of concentric, closely wound coil component, that can be applied to either increasing voltage or amperage, or a combination of both, as required by each specific load application.

Abstract: A stationary induction apparatus superior in insulating ability against a surge voltage includes a coil piece on a line end side surrounded by one electrostatic shield insulating layer. The coil piece and electrostatic shield insulating layer, together with another coil piece, are surrounded by another electrostatic shield insulating layer, thus forming a successively nested configuration. Each of the electrostatic shield insulating layers includes an electrical insulating layer of pressboard and first and second conductive layers respectively located on inner and outer surface sides of the electrical insulating layer, The capacitance of each of the electrostatic shield insulating layers is adjusted to control an electrical potential distribution upon application of a surge voltage.

Abstract: A fluid cooled electric conductor for induction heating of a workpiece includes a flexible conductor which is enclosed within an insulating tube. The conductor is supported within the tube so as to be surrounded by a fluid conducting space or spaces. A support arrangement supports the tube. Temperature sensors adjust the heating process by, for example, operating variable-length holders that support the tube in a spaced relationship with a workpiece.

Abstract: A fly back transformer includes a main body, a collecting element and a wire. The collecting element is fixed to the main body, while the wire is connected to the main body via the collecting element. The collecting element or the main body has a fixing portion. The wire is fixed to the collecting element or the main body by the fixing portion to prevent a separation between the wire and the collecting element.

Abstract: The present invention is a chip electronic part having: a ceramic member; a conductor pattern formed on the surface of the ceramic member; an insulating protective layer formed on the conductor pattern; an external electrode which is formed at least one end face of the ceramic member, electrically connected to the conductor pattern, and composed of an undercoating layer formed by dry plating and at least one plating layer formed by wet plating; and at least one groove formed near an end face of the insulating protective layer so as to limit the formation of the undercoating layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an coil former and at least one wire winding arranged on the coil former, the coil former (1) having a cylindrical sleeve (1a) whose cylinder axis runs parallel to the winding axis (A—A) of the at least wire winding, and at least two side walls (1b, 1c) arranged perpendicularly to the winding axis (A—A), and the cylindrical sleeve (1a) and the side walls (1b, 1c) forming at least one winding space for the at least one wire winding (2, 3). According to the invention, the at least two side walls (1b, 1c) each have at least one shoulder (1d, 1e), which subdivide the at least one winding space into a non-constricted first region (B1) and into at least one constricted second region (B2). In addition, the inductance element has electrical insulation (5), which bears on the at least one shoulder (1d, 1e) of the side walls (1b, 1c) and separates the non-constricted first region (B1) from the at least one constricted second region (B2).

Abstract: A bobbin for insulating a coil including a base portion comprising an electrically insulative material having an inner surface, an outer surface, an outer periphery, and a pole opening (54). An inner flange extends outwardly from the base portion in a first direction from the pole opening and at least partially defines the pole opening. Moreover, an outer flange extends outwardly from the base portion in the first direction from the outer periphery of the base portion. With this configuration, the bobbin is sized and configured to be placed on a side of the coil to provide ground insulation thereto.

Abstract: A coaxial winding transformer is cooled by having heat transfer members connected to an outer conductor of the transformer to receive heat therefrom. The heat transfer members form a heat transfer conducting path from the outer conductor of the transformer to a surface of a heat sink. The heat sink may have fins to maximize transfer of the heat from the heat sink to the ambient air. The outer conductor can include a metal strap member in contact with the surface of extending sections of tubular straight leg sections to electrically connect the tubular sections and transfer heat therefrom. Heat is then transferred from the strap of the outer conductor through the heat transfer members to an available surface of the heat sink.

Abstract: A welder power supply configuration wherein the power supply includes a combined transformer and inductor assembly wherein the combined transformer and inductor assembly is comprised of a four-legged core, primary windings, secondary windings and inductor windings. The four-legged core includes isolation slits in the leg of the four-legged core shared by the inductor and transformer in order to isolate the magnetic flux of the inductor from the remaining lens in the four-legged core assembly.

Abstract: In a flyback transformer, an insulating cover is interposed between a main body casing and a focusing pack casing. A through-hole is formed through a ceramic resistor accommodated in the focusing pack casing. A fixing hole is formed through the insulating cover in a coaxial relationship with the through-hole. A slider is fixed on a rotatable knob for a variable resistor, which is supported on the focusing pack casing. One of two tongues of the slider is maintained in contact under pressure with a variable resistor of the ceramic resistor, and the other tongue is arranged coaxially with the fixing hole and is maintained in contact under pressure with a wire-shaped output terminal. The terminal is press-fitted in the fixing hole. Another flyback transformer is also disclosed, which comprises a cylindrical holder portion.

Abstract: A high frequency water cooled transformer for coupling a power source to an induction heating coil and which serves to convert the output of the power source into values appropriate for the induction heating coil, and to match the impedance of the power source with the impedance of the heating coil for maximum power transfer efficiency. The primary of the transformer is adapted to be connected to the power source and the secondary is adapted to be connected to the induction heating coil. The transformer includes a secondary formed of two parallel self-supporting elongated open-ended hollow electrically conductive cylindrical members. A pair of electrically conductive terminal blocks are respectively mounted on one of the ends of the cylinders and electrically connected to the cylinders. The primary winding is wound longitudinally through the two secondary cylinders, and the ends of the primary winding are connected to appropriate terminal pins.

Abstract: A transformer including a core; a concentric inner primary tube passing through the core and running up and over at least a portion of the core, the concentric inner primary tube defining a longitudinal axis within the core; and a concentric outer secondary tube passing through the core and running up and over the concentric inner primary tube, the concentric outer secondary tube defining a longitudinal axis within the core and being spaced apart from the concentric inner primary tube, the longitudinal axis of the concentric inner primary tube and the longitudinal axis of the concentric outer secondary tube being aligned with one another so as to be coaxial. The concentric outer secondary tube substantially encloses the concentric inner primary tube so as to provide a low impedance shield.

Abstract: A high frequency water cooled transformer for coupling a power source to an induction heating coil and which serves to convert the output of the power source into values appropriate for the induction heating coil, and to match the impedance of the power source with the impedance of the heating coil for maximum power transfer efficiency. The primary of the transformer is adapted to be connected to the power source and the secondary is adapted to be connected to the induction heating coil. The transformer includes a secondary formed of two parallel self-supporting elongated open-ended electrically conductive cylindrical members which are separated and insulated from one another. A pair of electrically conductive terminal blocks are respectively mounted on one of the ends of the cylinders and electrically connected to the cylinders. The primary winding is wound longitudinally through the two secondary cylinders, and the ends of the primary are connected to appropriate terminal pins.

Abstract: The present invention locates the primary winding of a transformer in a configuration where it substantially surrounds the secondary winding of the transformer in order to enhance the efficiency of the electromagnetic coupling. High magnetic permeability material surrounds portions of the primary winding of the transformer. The transformer is designed to efficiently operate at frequencies of approximately 50 kilohertz. In one preferred embodiment, the primary winding of the invention is formed of two U-shapes in which the parallel members of the U are substantially longer than the bottom portion of the U. The two U-shapes form a rectangular shape and the substantially parallel rectangular portions are surrounded by high magnetic permeability material to further enhance the electromagnetic coupling between the primary coil winding and the secondary coil winding. In another embodiment, the primary winding of the invention may be rectangular in shape.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a measuring transformer which contains a primary conductor which carries current to be measured, and a secondary coil which is magnetically coupled thereto. The primary conductor is shaped helically and forms a body, like a helical spring, which surrounds the secondary coil with at least one turn. The primary conductor is preferably formed by a tube having a spiral groove which passes through its wall. The primary conductor has inherent stability which is very high such that no special holding means are required for the secondary coil. The secondary coil is extremely easy to install in the primary conductor and there are no problems with installation tolerances and the like.

Abstract: The inductor has a winding arranged on a straight magnetic core formed by, for example, a ferrite cylinder (4) accommodated in a cylinder (1) made of a moulded plastics material and having a longitudinal groove in its outer cylindrical surface, in which groove a bar (2) of an electrically resistive material is mounted, the bar being fixed underneath the winding wire (3). The inductor is used for the injection of low-frequency current into a cable of a CATV system.

Abstract: An iron-free transformer in which electrical energy is transferred from a primary winding to a secondary winding without any electrical connection or inductive coupling therebetween. The transformer includes an iron-free conductive closed loop having input and output sections. Coiled about the input section to form the primary winding is a solenoidal flux tube whose ends are the input terminals of the transformer. Coiled about the output section is a solenoidal flux tube whose ends are the output terminals of the transformer. When the input terminals are connected to an alternating current source, the lines of flux in the electromagnetic field created by the primary flux tube winding do not intercept the secondary flux tube winding, but induce alternating current in the input section which is continuously circulated in the loop and flows through the output section thereof.

Abstract: A high power, high frequency auto transformer with a non-integer turns ratio and a bandpass filter frequency response.

Abstract: A monolithic magnetic device having a plurality of transformer elements having single turn primaries and single turn secondaries fabricated on a plate of ferrite which has the outline of a ceramic leadless chip carrier. Each of the magnetic elements has a primary winding formed from a copper via plated on the ferrite. Each element's secondary is another copper via plated over an insulating layer formed over the first layer of copper. The elements' primaries are interconnected on the first copper layer and the elements' secondaries are interconnected on the second copper layer. The configuration and turns ratio of the transformer are determined by the series and or parallel interconnections of the primary and secondaries. Some of the interconnections can be provided by the next higher assembly level through the circuit card, with the same magnetic device providing many turns ratio combinations or values of inductors.