Abstract: A burner tip apparatus which is resistant to plugging, and a staged air method of operation which reduces the peak temperature of the flame of the burner tip to provide low levels of NOx and other emissions. The burner tip can be used as an auxiliary burner tip for stabilizing a main burner flame, or for other purposes.

Abstract: A multi-condition sensor, comprising a housing defining a component cavity, a pressure input tube disposed through the housing, a fault actuator disposed within the component cavity of the housing and in pressure communication with the pressure input tube through the housing, wherein the fault actuator is configured to extend and contract as a function of pressure from the pressure input tube, an alarm actuator disposed within the component cavity of the housing opposite the fault actuator and configured to be actuated by the fault actuator and to extend to a maximum fault position, and an adjustable alarm contact disposed on an opposite side of the alarm actuator within the component cavity and configured to be adjusted to a predetermined extension length from the housing to provide a predetermined alarm contact position.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a radiant heater has a first tubular expansion element which is connected to its housing and contains a second rod-like expansion element, the two expansion elements having different coefficients of thermal expansion. The temperature sensor has two switching springs for different switching points. In order to adjust a second switching spring, which is fastened to a second switching spring base, the second switching spring base can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the rod and is then permanently fixed by bending or welding.

Abstract: A circuit protector includes first and second conductive members. An active material alters at least one attribute in response to an activation signal. The active material is operatively connected to the first and second conductive members to alter the electrical resistance between the first and second members.

Abstract: A hand-operated drive-in power tool for fastening elements is disclosed. The tool has a drive arrangement for a drive-in ram displaceably arranged in a guide, which has at least one drive element for the drive-in ram made at least partially of an elastomer that is tensible via a tensioning device. To improve the drive-in power tool, a heating device for the at least one elastomer drive element is provided.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a radiant heater has a first tubular expansion element which is connected to its housing and contains a second rod-like expansion element, the two expansion elements having different coefficients of thermal expansion. The temperature sensor has two switching springs for different switching points. In order to adjust a second switching spring, which is fastened to a second switching spring base, the second switching spring base can be moved in the longitudinal direction of the rod and is then permanently fixed by bending or welding.

Abstract: At the time of start of usage, a voltage to be applied to a shape memory alloy wire 102 by a feedback control circuit 120 is set to a first voltage value (step S1), and at a limit resistance value detection step, (the feedback control circuit) measures a limit resistance value when the shape memory alloy wire 102 can be contracted (step S2), and upon storing the limit resistance value, a value of the maximum voltage to be input by the feedback control circuit 120 is set to a second voltage value (step S3). At an input electric power optimization step, a target resistance value is indicated, and the feedback control is carried out such that the resistance value indicated is not lower than the limit resistance value (step S4). Thereafter, voltage is stopped at the time of stopping the use of the actuator.

Abstract: A shape-memory actuator device comprises means for interrupting electrical supply to a shape-memory element when the axial load applied to said element exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: A thermal conduction switch includes a thermally-conductive first member having a first thermal contacting structure for securing the first member as a stationary member to a thermally regulated body or a body requiring thermal regulation. A movable thermally-conductive second member has a second thermal contacting surface. A thermally conductive coupler is interposed between the first member and the second member for thermally coupling the first member to the second member. At least one control spring is coupled between the first member and the second member. The control spring includes a NiTiFe comprising shape memory (SM) material that provides a phase change temperature <273 K, a transformation range <40 K, and a hysteresis of <10 K. A bias spring is between the first member and the second member. At the phase change the switch provides a distance change (displacement) between first and second member by at least 1 mm, such as 2 to 4 mm.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a radiant heating element includes a first expansion element, e.g., a tube, connected to a housing of a switch, which is permanently connected to a second expansion element, e.g., a rod in the region of its free end. The two expansion elements have different thermal expansion coefficients, and the switch has at least one contact spring, which is pre-tensioned against a point and carries a contact. The contact spring is implemented as a snap spring. The first expansion element has a spring acting in its axial direction applied to it. To avoid rapid fatigue of the contact spring, the second expansion element acts on the contact spring on one side and the spring acting in the axial direction of the second expansion element acts on the contact spring on the other side, with the spring acting against the second expansion element via a support.

Abstract: A thermal switch selectively couples a heat source to a pair of heat sinks. The thermal switch includes a shunt that is thermally coupled to the heat source. The shunt has a pair of posts. End portions of the posts are at least partially radially surrounded by respective cups. The cups in turn are thermally coupled to respective of the heat sinks. The cups are made of a material with a larger coefficient of thermal expansion than the material of the posts. Activation of one of the heat sinks causes the cup corresponding to that heat sink to contract, bringing it into contact with the corresponding post of the shunt. This opens a heat path through the switch from the heat source to the activated heat sink. Thermal isolation of the second cup is facilitated by an axial isolator of high thermal impedance, facilitating isolation of the inactive heat sink.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for radiant heating units with a heating coil disposed in a cup includes a tube with a first end connected to a housing of a switch with a movable contact cooperating with stationery contacts in the housing. A two-section rod, which extends into the housing of the switch and operates the movable contact, is supported inside the tube. The tube and the rod have different thermal expansion coefficients. To prevent a shift in the switching point, the section of the rod that operates the contact terminates outside the hollow space of the cup, and the temperature-induced length changes of this section and of the housing are matched to each other.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for radiant heating units with a heating coil disposed in a cup includes a tube with a first end connected to a housing of a switch with a movable contact cooperating with stationery contacts in the housing. A two-section rod, which extends into the housing of the switch and operates the movable contact, is supported inside the tube. The tube and the rod have different thermal expansion coefficients. To prevent a shift in the switching point, the section of the rod that operates the contact terminates outside the hollow space of the cup, and the temperature-induced length changes of this section and of the housing are matched to each other.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a sensor tube and a sensor rod received in the sensor tube and having a thermal expansion coefficient which differs from a thermal expansion coefficient of the sensor tube. The sensor rod has one end, which is supported by a free end of the sensor tube, and another end, which forms an actuating element of a switching contact assembly. An insulating member at least partly surrounds the switching contact assembly and has an opening for passage of the sensor tube with accommodated sensor rod. Mounted to the insulating member in the area of the opening is a support plate which is connected at least indirectly to the sensor tube by a welding process such that an opening-surrounding wall portion of the insulating member is held in place.

Abstract: A switch head is disclosed that can be attached to a temperature sensor having elongated expansion elements with different thermal expansion coefficients. The switch head further includes a device for measuring the displacement of the expansion elements relative to each other. Attachment means are provided for attaching at least one additional switch head. At least one opening for receiving a transfer member to transfer the relative displacement of the expansion elements to the at least one additional switch head is provided.

Abstract: A temperature limiter includes a switch head with a switching contact and a temperature sensor having elongate expansion elements of different thermal expansion coefficients. The expansion elements are fixed relative to one another in one end zone and movable relative to one another in the other end zone. Slidably supported in the switch head is a ram which abuts against the movable expansion element and has an end portion constructed to allow application of welding or soldering. A switch sleeve is placed over the ram end portion and adapted to actuate the contact. The switch sleeve is movable relative to the ram during a calibration phase, until reaching a position which is determinative for calibrating a desired response temperature of the switching contact. In this position, the switch sleeve is then securely fixed to the end portion by fusion welding or soldering.

Abstract: A switch head is disclosed that can be attached to a temperature sensor having elongated expansion elements with different thermal expansion coefficients. The switch head further includes a device for measuring the displacement of the expansion elements relative to each other. Attachment means are provided for attaching at least one additional switch head. At least one opening for receiving a transfer member to transfer the relative displacement of the expansion elements to the at least one additional switch head is provided.

Abstract: A temperature sensitive circuit breaker includes two contacts electrically mounted on a circuit board and an insulating pivot seat attached to the circuit board between the two contacts. A lever has a first end pivotally connected to the pivot seat and connected to one of the contacts, and a second end electrically connected to the other contact. A non-metallic expansive rod is mounted on the circuit board below the lever to push the lever upward to make the second end of lever separate from the contact when a high temperature on the circuit board is transferred to the expansive rod. The breaking member causes a high temperature to melt itself when a current passes through the breaking member to open a circuit on the circuit board.

Abstract: A temperature limiter includes a switch head with a switching contact and a temperature sensor having elongate expansion elements of different thermal expansion coefficients. The expansion elements are fixed relative to one another in one end zone and movable relative to one another in the other end zone. Slidably supported in the switch head is a ram which abuts against the movable expansion element and has an end portion constructed to allow application of welding or soldering. A switch sleeve is placed over the ram end portion and adapted to actuate the contact. The switch sleeve is movable relative to the ram during a calibration phase, until reaching a position which is determinative for calibrating a desired response temperature of the switching contact. In this position, the switch sleeve is then securely fixed to the end portion by fusion welding or soldering.

Abstract: A switch head is disclosed that can be attached to a temperature sensor having elongated expansion elements with different thermal expansion coefficients. The switch head further includes a device for measuring the displacement of the expansion elements relative to each other. Attachment means are provided for attaching at least one additional switch head. At least one opening for receiving a transfer member to transfer the relative displacement of the expansion elements to the at least one additional switch head is provided.

Abstract: An actuator for a device such as a valve controlling coolant for an automotive engine. The actuator has a base body on which is supported an electrically heatable thermostatic operating element having an operating piston that moves a motion transfer member that is in actuating engagement with a moveable actuating element of the device being actuated. The motion transfer member has a flange on which is supported a compression spring that maintains the motion transfer member in following engagement with the operating piston. The components of the actuator are enclosed within an outer housing that has a window of transparent material located so that when the components are in the Inactivated condition, the flange will not be visible through the window and when the components are activated, the flange will be visible through the window, thereby providing an indication of the condition of the actuator.

Abstract: A micro miniature solid state mechanical switch device operated by thermal energy for the control of thermal and electrical energy is shown. A gap in an energy path is bridged by an energy conductor that is mechanically moved into and out of operative position with the gap in the energy path.

Abstract: According to the invention a switching device (11) for an electric heating device is provided with a rod-shaped temperature sensor (15) formed by a ceramic rod (17) and an extension tube (16). The temperature sensor (16) operates a snap-action switch (22) located in a base (12) by means of an actuator separate from the said switch, which has at least one actuating part (41), which is loaded in the actuating direction by a leaf spring (34), the actuating part (41) and leaf spring (34) being in one piece. In a further development of the invention the leaf spring (34) or actuating part (41) can be a receptacle for an adjusting device, preferably an adjusting screw (38).

Abstract: An actuation device capable of changing its operating condition between a stable rest position and a stable work position has a monostable actuation unit with a body and at least a shaft movable as a function of the energization available to the actuation unit, and a kinematic motion assembly for converting the movement of the shaft into a bistable actuation, the kinematic motion assembly including a slider linearly movable in response to action of the shaft and a device for converting subsequent linear movements of the shaft in the passage of the slider between the stable positions and the maintaining of the same.

Abstract: An actuator with an electrically heatable operating element, the housing of the operating element being held stationary in a mount of a base body, and a transfer element, which comprises two plastic molded parts, is provided between the piston and the element to be adjusted.

Abstract: A new Automatic Thermal Shut-Off Switch for preventing heat damage to a high pressure low volume water pump. The inventive device includes a T-shaped housing having a longitudinal cavity, a bimetallic compression spring within the cavity, a disc within cavity on top of the spring, a pin orthogonally secured to the disc, a first contact, and a second contact electrically in contact. The housing is positioned within an unused port within a pump housing and conducts the heat produced by the pump. The conducted heat expands the spring thereby forcing the pin upwardly to separate the first contact from electrically contact with the second contact.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a spring-biased tube of relatively low thermal expansion and a rod arranged in the tube and having relatively high thermal expansion for cooperation with a contact mechanism to control a heat-operated system. Secured to the tube on one end thereof which is proximate to the contact mechanism is a substantially hemispherical end piece for placement in a concave receptacle that is arched in direction of the contact mechanism and traversed by the rod.

Abstract: A thermally expansible composition is provided as well as method of making the composition and actuators and other devices employing the composition. The composition comprises a mixture of silicone elastomer and a thermostatic wax, polymer, alloy or alloy mixture that melts below 400.degree. F. The composition is moldable by any common technique, may be handled at room temperature without heating or refrigeration and can be easily contained in an actuating device without seals other than an anti-extrusion closure seal. This composition can be used in actuators without seals or return springs or other reconsolidating means.

Abstract: A thermostat includes a valve for controlling gas flow, an actuator for controlling operation of the valve, and a temperature sensing element. The temperature sensing element comprises two members, one of which is made of a material having a positive coefficient of thermal expansion and the other of which is made of a material having a negative coefficient of thermal expansion. Each member effects movement of the actuator in a first direction upon sensing a decrease in temperature to effect opening of the valve and in a second direction upon sensing an increase in temperature to effect closing of the valve.

Abstract: A thermostat controlled probe-type plug includes a heat detecting probe made from dual-metal. This heat detecting probe has a hollow tube and a metal rod is disposed therein. A swing arm is disposed at the open end of the hollow tube. The outer end of the metal rod is fixed to the swing arm at a suitable position. A fixing arm is disposed above the hollow tube. An elastic plate switch is disposed under the fixing arm. This elastic plate switch includes a first elastic plate and a second elastic plate. The end portion of the first elastic plate is above the end portion of the fixing arm. A biasing rod is disposed on the fixing arm and a knob is attached to the other end of the biasing rod. The biasing rod is pressed against onto the elastic plate switch. By screwing down the knob, the biasing rod can press down the second elastic plate to close or open the switch. At least one stopping post is provided at the bottom of the casing. The stopping post is located below the first elastic plate of the switch.

Abstract: A temperature control device includes; a spring-biased stem guided in a p and having a temperature expansion coefficient which is different from the temperature expansion coefficient of the pipe, with the stem acting via a plunger and a switch assembly upon a switching contact. The switch assembly includes a switch spring of bridge-like configuration which is secured to a backing spring mounted to a base plate of the housing and preferably includes a raised central part for support of the plunger.

Abstract: A control device, parts therefor and methods of making the same are provided, the control device having a temperature sensing unit comprising a rod and tube means utilizing a heat expandable and contractible polymeric member disposed between one end of the rod and an abutment of the tube to tend to cause an outer end of the rod to move toward an actuator of the control device upon the unit sensing decreasing temperature and to tend to cause that end of the rod to move away from the actuator upon the unit sensing increasing temperature, a biasing member being operatively interconnected to the unit to continuously place the tube under compression between an open end thereof and the abutment thereof and to continuously place the rod under tension between the opposite ends thereof to tend to reduce the temperature differential of the control device.

Abstract: A device for controlling or limiting temperature in an electric cooking appliance includes a switch and a temperature sensor operatively coupled to the switch. The temperature sensor takes the form of a rod arranged substantially coaxially within a tube. The rod is made of a material having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and the tube is made of at least two tube portions, one of the tube portions being made from a material having a second coefficient of thermal expansion lower than the first coefficient of thermal expansion and another of the tube portions being made from a ceramic material having a third coefficient of thermal expansion intermediate the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion. The temperature controlling or limiting device may be incorporated into a radiant electric heater incorporating at least first and second heating elements defining separate heating areas for the cooking appliance.

Abstract: A control device, parts therefor and methods of making the same are provided, the control device having a temperature sensing unit comprising a rod and tube means utilizing a heat expandable and contractible polymeric member disposed between one end of the rod and an abutment of the tube to tend to cause an outer end of the rod to move toward an actuator of the control device upon the unit sensing decreasing temperature and to tend to cause that end of the rod to move away from the actuator upon the unit sensing increasing temperature, a biasing member being operatively interconnected to the unit to continuously place the tube under compression between an open end thereof and the abutment thereof and to continuously place the rod under tension between the opposite ends thereof to tend to reduce the temperature differential of the control device.

Abstract: A rod sensor (1) has in the vicinity of a sliding guide (17) of an outer tube (2) a bolt-like, smooth abutment (4) for an inner rod (3), which prior to the insertion of the inner rod (3) and prior to the constructional joining of the temperature sensor (1) to a switch base (10) is adjusted with a measuring screw (36) against the tension of a spring (39) to a predetermined adjusting amount (30) and is firmly connected to the outer tube (2) by a welding mechanism (40) or the like. Thus, a very accurate adjustment is obtained in the case of a simple construction.

Abstract: A temperature switch for limiting the temperature of a glass ceramic plate against the radiation emanating from light and dark radiators has a sensor, which comprises a metallic sensor tube and an inner ceramic rod. Over the sensor is drawn a steatite tube, which on the one hand ensures the electrical insulation between the heaters and the glass ceramic plate and on the other so shields the radiation by reflection, absorption and thermal mass, that the sensor is given a temporary response delay and a greater switching hysteresis.

Abstract: A temperature switch, used more particular as a temperature limiter for a radiation heating element (11) for heating a glass-ceramic plate (12), has radiation heaters (13, 14). Its rod-shaped temperature sensor (20) has an expansion rod (24) which is disposed in a tube (25) acting as a comparison norm and can be made of a chromium-iron-aluminum alloy and is heat-treated above 1100.degree. C. The tube (25) can be made of a radiation-absorbing material or is coated with such a material, for example, cordierite, non-transmissive glass-ceramics or quartz material. The result of both steps is that the temperature switch has an enhanced switching amplitude and therefore a reduced switching frequency.

Abstract: In a temperature limiter (1) with a rod-like temperature sensor (6), the outer tube is formed by a continuously tensile-stressed insulating tube (7) extending into a base (2). An inner rod (8), optionally articulated two or more times in the longitudinal direction, is constructed as a continuously pressure-loaded rod, characterized by temperature-dependent length expansion. The temperature limiter (1), e.g., for a glass ceramic unit, may have a circuit breaker (5) closer to the temperature sensor, and a more-remote signal switch (4). In that case, for operating the remote signal switch, a flat bar-like transfer member (9) traverses both switches through openings (54). The transfer member is coupled at the associated end and in adjustable manner with an operating member (30) for the signal switch (4), receiving the adjustment member (34). The parts are constantly held together in clearance-free manner by the tension of a restoring spring (40).

Abstract: A device for temperature regulation has a contact housing which is provided ith a movable contact spring for breaking a circuit and on which a fastening flange is fastened. Furthermore, there is a tube of low thermal expansion, in which a bar with a high coefficient of thermal expansion is arranged so as to be longitudinally displaceable. That end of the tube located on the same side as the switch is supported in a concave receptacle arched in the direction of the contact housing.

Abstract: An article in the form of a projectile, a shock-sensitive switch or a sabot having an active component of shape-memory alloy which exhibits the shape-memory effect to provide a mechanical movement in response to a pressure wave passing through the article is disclosed. A thermal enhancement component which rapidly generates heat to initiate the shape-memory effect is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electric relay has a casing enclosing a thermally expandable mass associated with a thermistor (PTC) as a heat source, connected to an electric excitation circuit. A rod projects from said casing to come in contact with a rocker lever which, in conjunction with the reaction of a spring, causes a second spring to bend. The bending second spring moves an armature comprising a contact point, so that the contact point comes in contact with a second fixed contact point, thus closing an electric circuit. The elastic reaction of the springs and a tooth on the rocker lever bring the relay back to the resting position when power to the thermistor is interrupted.

Abstract: In a thermal cut-out for a heating means, e.g. a glass ceramic cooking unit, a signal switch and a circuit breaker are operated by means of a temperature sensor via a transfer member externally surrounding the switches and whereof the actuating member thereof located further from the temperature sensor is formed by an adjusting member, so that with the latter and also an adjusting member directly associated with the temperature sensor, a very precise setting is made possible. The transfer member is suspended in contact-free manner between oppositely acting springs and is therefore mounted in a substantially frictionless manner.

Abstract: A thermal cut-out device for a radiant heater includes a probe-type thermally responsive assembly (2), at least a part of which is coated with and/or is surrounded by a radiation reflective material. The probe-type assembly may include a first element (3) in the form of a rod of material having a relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion and a second element (4) in the form of a tube of material having a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion. The rod may be coupled to a snap-acting switch assembly (1). One or both of the first and second elements may be coated with or surrounded by the radiation reflective material. Alternatively the tube which surrounds the first element may be made of the radiation reflective material. The radiation reflective material may be a metal such as gold or a suitable element from Group VIII of the Periodic Table or may be a high temperature resistant particulate material such as aluminium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide or tin oxide.

Abstract: A control device having a control element that can be actuated by a thermostatic working element has a multipart structure which includes a primary housing which is preferably made of plastic and a secondary housing which is preferably made of metal. The primary housing is generally U-shaped in cross-section and is provided with an exterior shoulder. The secondary housing is also U-shaped and is provided with an edge which is plastically deformed around the shoulder of the primary housing to secure the housings together. A movable working element extends through a wall of the primary housing and contacts the control element. The secondary housing includes a chamber for receiving a thermally expandable material which is positioned adjacent to an end of the working element. An elastic membrane is disposed between the expandable material and the working element and is secured in position by the primary and secondary housings.

Abstract: A temperature sensor for a temperature limiter is made up of an outer tube and a number of inner component rods. The temperature sensor extends transversely over the top side of a moulding of a heating system for a glass-ceramic cooking unit. The heating system comprises a central heating surface and an outer connectable heating surface disposed in a circle therearound. Disposed in the zone of the central heating surface is an inner component rod whose coefficient of expansion is lower than that of the outer tube, while in the zone of the connectable heating surface the component rods have a higher coefficient of expansion than the outer tube.

Abstract: A thermal limiting device for controlling one or more sources of infra-red radiation, preferably tungsten-halogen lamps, mounted in heating apparatus, consists of a metallic wire arranged to de-energize the sources when it is subjected to a predetermined temperature. The wire is accommodated within a quartz tube, which selectively transmits and absorbs infra-red radiation of different wavelengths. An infra-red reflective coating is applied either to the wire or to the inner surface of the quartz tube to prevent infra-red radiation transmitted through the quartz tube from reaching the wire, while infra-red radiation of a particular wavelength, which is absorbed by the quartz tube, heats the wire by thermal conduction and convection, so that the limiter is primarily responsive to radiation only of that particular wavelength.

Abstract: A dual temperature probe-type thermostat is illustrated in which a rod and tube probe is mounted at one end with a swivel on the switch body. The swivel structure is simplified to provide a bearing member engaged and positioned by the rod during swiveling movement. Both switches are operated by a single operator which is guided and positioned solely by the switches themselves. One switch is provided with a calibration cam to eliminate any need for selective assembly.

Abstract: A temperature regulating device is provided for electrical cooking appliances wherein the heat is provided by heating bodies, or elements, for plural heating zones. The device has a heat resistant bar or rod of high thermal expansion. The rod is enclosed within a tubular jacket formed of two tubes set end-to-end along the rod. The rod is spring mounted for moving an electrical contact of a switch to open and close the switch. The tubes have different coefficients of thermal expansion, the coefficient of the tube nearest the switch being the same as that of the rod, for providing a uniform switching characteristic over a wide range of operation of the heating elements.

Abstract: A thermostat for a cooking utensil having a radiation heating body is constructed of an electrical switch actuated by a push rod. The rod extends away from the switch and expands in response to increasing temperature. The rod is held by spring loading within an outer tube of material, typically quartz or ceramic, of substantially lower coefficient of expansion than the rod. To permit adjustment of the thermostat during manufacture, a mating surface between a side wall of a housing of the switch and an end of the tube is constructed by forming an outward spherically shaped bulge in the side wall and an outward flaring of the end of the tube, thereby to permit relative motion between the housing and the tube without fracturing the end of the tube.

Abstract: In a cooking and heating apparatus, a device for warning personnel of dangerously hot temperature is incorporated within the structure of a thermostat which has a switch for regulating the flow of electric current to a heating element of the apparatus. The thermostat includes a push rod mechanically coupled to a finger-like termination which extends through an aperture in an arm of the regulating switch to engage the arm of a further switch used in activating a warning indication. A collar on the termination engages the arm of the regulating switch subsequent to the activation of the further switch by the rod. The rod expands with increasing temperature and, thereby, initiates the warning at a lower temperature than the temperature of the power cut off by the regulating switch.