Abstract: A multilayer filter may include a plurality of dielectric layers stacked in a Z-direction. A first conductive layer may overlie one of the dielectric layers, and a second conductive layer may overlie another of the dielectric layers and be spaced apart from the first conductive layer in the Z-direction. A first via may be connected with the second conductive layer at a first location. A second via may be connected with the second conductive layer at a second location that is spaced apart in a first direction from the first location. The first conductive layer may overlap the second conductive layer at an overlapping area to form a capacitor. At least a portion of the overlapping area may be located between the first location and the second location in the first direction. The second conductive layer may be free of via connections that intersect the overlapping area.

Abstract: A multilayer filter may include a plurality of dielectric layers stacked in a Z-direction. A first conductive layer may overlie one of the dielectric layers, and a second conductive layer may overlie another of the dielectric layers and be spaced apart from the first conductive layer in the Z-direction. A first via may be connected with the second conductive layer at a first location. A second via may be connected with the second conductive layer at a second location that is spaced apart in a first direction from the first location. The first conductive layer may overlap the second conductive layer at an overlapping area to form a capacitor. At least a portion of the overlapping area may be located between the first location and the second location in the first direction. The second conductive layer may be free of via connections that intersect the overlapping area.

Abstract: A multilayer filter may include a plurality of dielectric layers stacked in a Z-direction. A first conductive layer may overlie one of the dielectric layers, and a second conductive layer may overlie another of the dielectric layers and be spaced apart from the first conductive layer in the Z-direction. A first via may be connected with the second conductive layer at a first location. A second via may be connected with the second conductive layer at a second location that is spaced apart in a first direction from the first location. The first conductive layer may overlap the second conductive layer at an overlapping area to form a capacitor. At least a portion of the overlapping area may be located between the first location and the second location in the first direction. The second conductive layer may be free of via connections that intersect the overlapping area.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: a connector configured to be electrically and mechanically connectable to an electrical terminal, wherein the connector comprises a resistive material. The connector comprises respective first and second electrical contacts, wherein the resistive material is configured to provide a direct current connection for the flow of electric current between the first and second electrical contacts.

Abstract: An apparatus, such as a switch module, is provided. The apparatus can include an electromechanical switch structure configured to move between an open configuration and a fully-closed configuration (associated with a minimum characteristic resistance) over a characteristic time. A commutation circuit can be connected in parallel with the electromechanical switch structure, and can include a balanced diode bridge configured to suppress arc formation between contacts of the electromechanical switch structure and a pulse circuit including a pulse capacitor configured to form a pulse signal (in connection with a switching event of the electromechanical switch structure) for causing flow of a pulse current through the balanced diode bridge. The electromechanical switch structure and the balanced diode bridge can be disposed such that a total inductance associated with the commutation circuit is less than or equal to a product of the characteristic time and the minimum characteristic resistance.

Abstract: A non-inductive resistor and a method of manufacturing a non-inductive resistor are disclosed. The non-inductive resistor comprises a resistance rod, a conductive layer, a clockwise cut mark, and a counterclockwise cut mark. The resistance rod comprises a first end and a second end, and a cutting center is established between the first end and the second end. The conductive layer is used for covering the resistance rod between the first end and the second end. The clockwise cut mark is situated on the conductive layer between the first end and the cutting center. The counterclockwise cut mark is situated on the conductive layer between the second end and the cutting center, wherein the clockwise cut mark and counterclockwise cut mark are used for counteracting an inductance effect of the non-inductive resistor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a multilayer filter constructed so as to be less likely to suffer peeling between a varistor part and an inductor part. A multilayer filter 10 as a preferred embodiment has a structure in which a varistor part 20 and an inductor part are stacked. The varistor part 30 consists of a stack of varistor layers 31, 32 with internal electrodes 31a, 32a, and the varistor layers contain ZnO as a principal component, and contain at least one element selected from the group consisting of Pr and Bi, Co, and Al as additives. The inductor part 20 consists of a stack of inductor layers 21-24 with conductor patterns 21a-24a, and the inductor layers contain ZnO as a principal component and substantially contain neither Co nor Al.

Abstract: A first circuit which is constituted by a thin film resistor is connected between the collector of a transistor and a power supply terminal, and a second circuit which is constituted by a semiconductor resistor is connected between the emitter of the transistor and a grounding terminal. The film thickness of a thin film resistor is set to not more than its skin depth at a frequency to be compensated for.

Abstract: A ball grid array resistor network has a planar substrate formed of an organic material. The substrate preferably is a printed circuit board. The substrate has a top and bottom surface. A ball pad is located on the bottom surface. A low temperature resistor is located on the bottom surface and is connected to the ball pad. A solder mask is located over the first surface except for the ball pads. A conductive ball is attached to the ball pad. A reflowed solder paste connects the conductive ball to the ball pad. Several embodiments of the invention are shown.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrical resistor (1), in particular for measuring alternating currents of high frequency, comprising connectors (2, 3) for feeding the current to be measured and connectors (4, 5) for tapping the voltage to be measured and having a layered structure including at least one resistive layer (10), a return conducting layer (11) and any possibly provided insulating layers (7, 12, 21, 22, 24). To obtain a measuring resistance having a particularly good frequency response, a high long-term stability and an efficient cooling and which, moreover, is inexpensive to produce, it is provided for the resistive layer (10) together with the return conducting layer (11) and the possible insulating layers (7, 12, 21, 22, 24) to be part of a multilayered printed circuit board and to comprise a plurality of conductive tracks (14) extending from a central region of the resistive layer (10) towards outside.

Abstract: A high-power resistor comprises a plurality of resistor elements (1), made of sheets of an electrically conductive resistance material, with a first (13) and a second (14) terminal. The resistor elements are mutually separated by disc-shaped insulating first shims (2). Said first and second terminals are connected to adjacently located resistor elements so that the respective first terminals are connected to a first terminal and that the respective second terminals are connected to a second terminal. Two adjacent resistor elements form a current path, whereby, viewed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheets, said first and second terminals, respectively, are so mutually positioned that, for a current supplied thereto, the current path in one resistor element substantially overlaps the current path in an adjacent resistor element and hence carries current in mutually opposite directions in the two adjacent resistor elements.

Abstract: A high voltage low inductance resistor (120) includes a resistor body (122) having a perimeter and a center. A first terminal (126) is located away from the center of the resistor near the perimeter of the body (122). A serpentine resistance element (130) includes a first end (136). A conductive ring (124) is located near the perimeter and circumscribes the serpentine resistance element (130). The ring (124) is electrically connected to the first terminal (126). The first end (136) is electrically connected to the conductive ring (124). A first resistance segment (138a) of the resistance element (130) begins at the first end (136) and extends in a first direction generally around the perimeter of the body (122). An apex (142a) has an input portion (143) and an output portion (145). The apex (142a) redirects the resistance element in a generally opposite direction, the input portion (143) transitioning into the first resistance segment (138a).

Abstract: A thin-film metal resistor (44) suitable for a multilayer printed circuit board (12), and a method for its fabrication. The resistor (44) generally has a multilayer construction, with the individual layers (34, 38) of the resistor (44) being self-aligned with each other so that a negative mutual inductance is produced that very nearly cancels out the self-inductance of each resistor layer (34, 38). As a result, the resistor (44) has a very low net parasitic inductance. In addition, the multilayer construction of the resistor (44) reduces the area of the circuit board (12) required to accommodate the resistor (44), and as a result reduces the problem of parasitic interactions with other circuit elements on other layers of the circuit board (12).

Abstract: Current limiters, preferably PTC resistors, are used for limiting short-circuit current when connected in series to capacitors and converter valves. Protective devices operating with these PTC resistors are able to work reversibly and respond without arcing. They have a low inductance and can be used in space-saving designs. Protective circuits with such PTC resistors have a low loss, are shake-proof, and can be integrated into an existing cooling circuit. They respond autonomously and enable a flexible application. The PTC resistors preferably are constructed in a meander shape of porous metal foam or a metal braid or fabric and have electrical contact bridges between their resistor tracks. At least 2 resistor tracks that are electrically connected in parallel are arranged at a small distance on top of each other in such a way that partial currents (I1, I2) flow in opposite directions through resistor branches in superposed track areas formed in this manner.

Abstract: This electrical control device with crosstalk correction includes several devices each electrically controllable by a limiter resistor. The current limiter resistors are resistive limiter elements in plane layers positioned on a first substrate face. At least one resistive coupling element is positioned transversally to each resistive element and interconnects these resistive elements.Applications include electrical control of electromagnetic or electrooptical devices, notably the control of magnetic write/read heads.

Abstract: Electrical devices based on current limiting PTC polymer devices, and in particular, electrical circuit protection devices containing a current limiting PTC polymer device composed of a current limiting polymer composition in combination with suitable electrodes and a low inductance shunt to protect the current limiting polymer composition from exceeding its breakdown field strength. Specifically, electrical devices containing a current limiting polymer composition in combination with suitable electrodes and a low inductance shunt in the form of a ribbon shunt, i.e. a flat sheet of conductive material folded over on itself.

Abstract: An extra-low-voltage heating system that produces a reduced magnetic field and which uses three insulated copper wires, or equivalents, as heating elements. Its low operating temperature, robustness and safety enable the system to be installed, for example, in floors and walls for the general heating of buildings, and in outdoor pavements, for snow-melting purposes, etc. The single-phase feeder busbars are configured to reduce the magnetic field around the feeder. A monitoring network continually checks the integrity of the heating system.

Abstract: An array of termination resistors has symmetrical geometry producing essentially no net magnetic field and a resultant low inductance is fabricated on a substrate as disk resistors. Conductive through vias are formed in the substrate in an array pattern defining what will be resistor first and second contacts. Each disk resistor has one first contact located at the resistor disk center, and preferably four second contacts located symmetrically about the resistor disk and shared by four adjacent disk resistors. For each resistor, a annular-shaped disk of resistive material is fabricated on a first surface of the substrate, such that a central opening in the disk overlies at least the upper surface of a first contact via. The disk geometry and material determines its resistance. Next, a layer of conductive material is formed over the first surface of the substrate to cover at least the periphery of each disk, and to fill the central opening in each disk.

Abstract: A termination device including a package having a first plurality of pins and a plurality of resistors disposed in the package is described. Each resistor has a pair of termini with one of the termini of each resistor connected to a corresponding one of the first plurality of pins and the other termini connected to a common conductor. The device also includes a reference conductor connected to a mid-portion of the common conductor and to a pin of the package. An alternate embodiment of the termination device includes two reference conductors connected to respective end portions of the common conductor and to pins of the package.

Abstract: A coaxial type electrical resistor has a cylindrical conductor, a cylindrical insulator inserted into the opening of the conductor and a cylindrical resistor inserted into the opening of the insulator. Since the insulator is between the conductor and the resistor, a distance between the conductor and resistor may be small and magnetic flux leakage reduced. Thus the resistor has a small inductance and is appropriate as a high frequency large current resistor.

Abstract: A flexible distribution sheet (11) including a plurality of conductors (13a to 13d) which are formed on an upper surface of a long sheet (12) having flexibility to extend from an end (12a) to another end (12b) thereof. The plurality of conductors (13a to 13d) are made of resistant conductive materials having resistance values within a range of 1 .OMEGA. to 100 k.OMEGA. across the same.

Abstract: A resistor having a novel physical geometry is provided. The physical geometry of the resistor minimizes the current paths through the resistor such that the reactance components of the resistor is minimized for radio frequency operation. The resistor is made from a resistive material such as chrome silicon oxide, nichrome. The physical geometry of the resistor layout reduces the physical area occupied by the resistor, and also results in lower sensitivity to a DC trimming procedure used in the manufacturing process.

Abstract: A method of making a compact high-voltage, high-power, thick-film screen-printed cylindrical resistor. A V-serpentine pattern is formed and adapted to fit on a cylindrical substrate having a diameter range of about 1/10 inch to about 1/2 inch. Such pattern is caused to have adjacent sections at a small acute angle to each other. Furthermore, the pattern is caused to have gaps at the open ends of the loops that are substantially wider than the gaps at the closed ends of the loops. In addition, the pattern is caused to have a sufficient number of undulations, and sufficient gap size, to achieve a predetermined voltage rating. Thereafter, the height of the pattern is changed to achieve a voltage coefficient substantially corresponding to the desired voltage coefficient. Furthermore, the resistive film material is altered to cause it to have a different resistivity, said latter resistivity being such that the same resistance value is achieved.

Abstract: A surface mountable, high current resistor (20) is formed generally in the shape of an inverted "U". The top portion (22) of the inverted "U" is flat and contains one or more openings (26, 27) that serve to alter the resistivity of the resistor. The openings are formed so as to be inverted mirror images of each other, thereby cancelling inductive effects introduced by the openings. The ends of the "U" are formed into two or more legs (24) that serve to provide stability and a mounting area for soldering the resistor to a printed circuit board. A flat, unbroken portion (28) in the center of the resistor serves as a convenient area to handle the resistor with a vacuum tool during printed circuit assembly.

Abstract: A microwave film resistance terminator that includes a film resistor having the sufficient terminating characteristics even at high microwave frequencies. The invention uses a structure including a second film resistor (40) for cancelling inductive reactance element of the conventional first film resistor (30) is; and moreover, the inductive reactance of the film resistors (30, 31, 32) can be lowered by dividing the first film resistor (30) into a plurality of sections.

Abstract: The resistor network of the present invention uses nodal common points with branch conductors for distribution of electrical power to a plurality of resistors. Separating the branch conductors are electromagnetic shields which isolate individual resistors and branch conductors so as to reduce crosstalk between resistors. Additionally, resistors are alternately patterned upon each side of a substrate in order to further reduce crosstalk.

Abstract: A current-viewing resistor for accurately measuring high-frequency currents, e.g. at radio frequencies, includes a first resistance connected in series with a first inductance, the series combination being connected in parallel with a series combination of a second resistance and a second inductance. The second resistance is relatively large as compared with the first resistance, and the second inductance is relatively large as compared with the first inductance. The ratio of the first resistance to the first inductance is substantially equal to the ratio of the second resistance to the second inductance. As a result, the voltage measured across the second resistance is substantially equal to the voltage across the first resistance, and the current through the first resistance is substantially equal to the current to be measured.

Abstract: The invention is for a flat electrical heating resistance element, so called foil elements. Elements according to the invention can be used for many purposes, however, it is specially intended for use as heating elements for water beds. The object of the invention is to minimize the electromagnetic fields caused by the elements. The influence of such magnetic fields on humans is on the whole unknown why there is a common desire that the strength of these magnetic fields shall be as low as possible in order to minimize effects, if any. Heating elements according to the invention have electrical resistance wire or band placed in loops on a plastic foil surface, whereby the loops have four with each other parallel conductors, electrically connected so that in any given moment the direction of the current in the two outer conductors are in the same direction and in the two inner conductors in the same direction opposite to the outer conductors.

Abstract: A high-voltage cylindrical film-type resistor has cup-shaped end caps that receive the ends of the cylindrical substrate, each end cap having a convexly-radiused rim that has a radius of at least 1.5 mils in a plane containing the substrate axis. In accordance with the method, the stated radius is achieved by abrading, preferably tumbling.

Abstract: A method of making a high-voltage, noninductive, film-type resistor by providing on an insulating substrate a coating of resistive material. A laser beam is then operated to cut through the coating and remove portions so shaped that the remaining coating portions form a zigzag line. The laser cutting is so effected that each zig converges toward the adjacent zag at an angle sufficiently small that there is a major inductance-cancellation effect.

Abstract: A low inductance resistor for high current limitation is arranged from a single conductor wrapped in a continuous direction to form a plurality of turns wherein current transport through each of the turns induces a corresponding magnetic field to oppose the magnetic field induced within each next adjacent turn. The resistor finds application within a current limiter unit which employs magnetic repulsion and gas pressure to direct arcs that occur between separating contacts to within the high voltage region of an arc chute. The resistor is connected across the arc to reduce the arc current to a low enough value so that the arc becomes extinguished within a predetermined period of time.

Abstract: A novel construction for a thick film resistor is disclosed. A substrate has a first face deposited with a layer of resistive material. Between the substrate and this first layer is located a strip of conductive material. The strip of material is oriented at approximately right angles to the current path through the first layer, midway along the current path. A second layer of resistive material is located on a second face, parallel to the first face, and the first and second layers are connected electrically in series such that the current path through the second layer is orthogonal to the current path through the first layer.

Abstract: A liquid-cooled power resistor contains at least one resistive conductor which is arranged in a closed housing directly in de-ionized water employed as the cooling liquid or coolant. The resistive conductor is advantageously secured in diaphragms which not only serve as holding facilities for holding the resistive conductor, but also deflect or turn the cooling liquid. The resistive conductor is normally connected to two terminal pins. There also can be used a third terminal pin which taps the center or mid-point of the resistive conductor, so that there are available two ohmic values of the power resistor. The power resistor ensures for an effective and uniform removal of heat or thermal energy and possesses a high thermal capacity. The arrangement has a low inductance. The power resistor is particularly suitable for the wiring of thyristors in static converter installations.

Abstract: A termination device for a transmission line in which it is desired to reduce to a minimum the standing wave ratio resulting from the reflection of microwaves on a resistive load positioned at the end of the line. For this purpose and more particularly for a microstrip line comprising a conductor deposited on a dielectric substrate, whose lower face is metallized (earth plane), the conductor is extended by a trapezoidal resistive film, whose narrow end is connected to a metal coating connected to earth. Moreover, in order to compensate for the inductance of the load, two capacitors formed by metal deposits deposited on the substrate are connected to the resistive film.

Abstract: An electrical resistor comprises a tube of resistive material having a closed end. An electrical connection is made to the open end of the cylinder, and a further connection comprises a conductor passing through the open end of the cylinder and connected to the closed end. A pair of voltage-measuring connections are made to the outer surface of the cylinder.

Abstract: A discharge resistor adapted to be mounted on a rotatable shaft of a dynamo-electric device comprises a pair of spirally wound, insulated resistor elements and means for supporting these elements approximately coaxially with the shaft. Each of the resistor elements is spirally wound in a flatwise manner with a bore having an effective diameter greater than that of the shaft, and insulation layers are provided between adjacent turns thereof. The resistor elements are arranged and connected electrically in series such that the inductive impedance appearing across the respective resistor elements effectively cancel each other.

Abstract: A current limiting iron wire resistor having a transformable resistance for a current limiting circuit breaker. Each pole of the circuit breaker includes said resistor in parallel with a pair of auxiliary contacts for current limiting which are in series with a pair of main contacts to open the circuit. The main contacts are separable upon operation of a thermally and electromagnetically operable tripping mechanism, and the auxiliary current limiting contacts separate only on occurrence of a high amplitude fault current above a preselected threshold value. When that value of fault current is reached, the tripping mechanism and associated components which operate the auxiliary current limiting contacts serves to increase arc voltage almost instantaneously to that of the source, about which time the fault current is totally shunted into the current limiting resistor.

Abstract: A thin film, cylindrical resistor is disclosed which exhibits non-inductive characteristics and which may be fabricated easily and economically. A cylindrical insulative substrate is provided with electrically conductive termination bands and a thin coating of electrically resistive material over the entire cylindrical surface. The resistive material is then cut along an axial path and along an interrupted spiral path so as to form the resistive material into a serpentine path along the cylindrical substrate. Leads are attached to each end and as the current traverses the length of the cylinder it travels in a serpentine path. The current travels in opposite directions along adjacent parallel portions of the path thereby cancelling out the major portion of inductance.

Abstract: A highly stable noninductive film-type cylindrical resistor which can be economically mass-produced, with few rejects, even when the film is one having a very high resistance. This is accomplished by providing, in a silk-screened serpentine film pattern, parallel rows of bend or base regions which are on opposite sides of a longitudinal gap, and which are very wide in comparison to the remainder of the pattern. The exterior of the film is then lapped, until the resistance increases to a desired value, by effecting relative rotation between the resistor and a flexible lapping tape having a desired tension. For high-value resistors, the resistive film is caused to have a value (in ohms per square) higher than would be practical if the lapped bends were not relatively wide.

Abstract: A precision resistor wherein the resistor wire is deposited in a sinuous pattern on the adhesive surface of a thin, flexible tape of electrical insulating material. In winding the tape onto a multibobbin coil form the intermediate flanges of the coil form have a flat portion of reduced radius. A coil of tape is wound on one bobbin with the adhesive side against the bobbin and is passed over the flat portion of an intermediate flange. At the crossover the tape is pressed to conform to the shape of the flange and then passed around the axial body of the adjacent bobbin to commence the winding of the next coil of tape on the adjacent bobbin.

Abstract: An iron wire resistor connected in shunt with the current limiting contacts of a circuit breaker. The current limiting contacts are in series with the main contacts of the breaker, and are separated by extremely high fault currents before the main contacts can respond. Opening of the limiting contacts shunts the high fault current through the resistor. The resistor has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and heats rapidly to sharply reduce the magnitude of the high fault current.To prevent the connection between the resistor and a low resistance copper conductor from being destroyed by the high fault current an intermediate resistance value terminal of copper clad stainless steel is employed between the resistor and the copper conductor.

Abstract: A trimming potentiometer in which three parallel resistance paths are located in a plane on an insulating plate. Wiper contacts are displaceable in the same direction on the resistance paths, and are attached to a common carrier which is longitudinally displaceable by a threaded spindle. Inductance loops are arranged between the resistance paths and the respective terminals for the paths, for the purpose of matching the trimming potentiometer to its inductance and capacitive input and output values.