Abstract: A grain storage bin includes a cylindrical wall formed by a plurality of panels arranged in rows with a bottom edge of a first row bolted to a top edge of a second lower row. At each joint the bottom edge of the first upper row is overlapped with and outside of the outer surface of top edge of the second lower row and the bottom edge is fastened to the top edge by bolts carrying spacers as to define a first channel along the joint for passage of air. A cover strip overlies the channel and extends from an upper edge of the strip at the inner surface of the first panel above the channel to a lower edge of the strip which is fastened to the top edge so as to define a second channel so that air can pass between the interior and the exterior through the first and second channels while the particulate material is prevented from escaping through the first channel by the cover strip.

Abstract: There is disclosed a steam oven installation, that in certain embodiments, comprises: a steam oven; a supply steam line for receive a superheated steam flow and for delivering supply steam to the steam oven; an injector for injecting a volume of control fluid into the supply steam line; a monitor for monitoring at least one thermodynamic property of steam within the steam oven installation; and a controller for controlling the injection of the control fluid based on the at least one monitored thermodynamic property so that the supply steam flow delivered into the steam oven comprises substantially dry saturated steam. There is also disclosed a corresponding method of controlling the supply of steam to a steam oven in a steam oven installation.

Abstract: A grain bin aeration system has inlet ducting in communication with the hollow interior of the storage bin adjacent a perimeter of the storage bin and exhaust ducting in communication with the hollow interior of the storage bin at a central location within the storage bin. A first portion of the inlet ducting is directed to the top end of the bin so that aeration flow therethrough is directed downwardly through the material in the storage bin to the exhaust ducting. A second portion of the inlet ducting is directed to the bottom end of the bin so that aeration flow therethrough is directed upwardly through the material in the storage bin to the exhaust ducting.

Abstract: A solid/heat-transport and reactive gas reactor, including: a helical duct including an inlet and an outlet, the helical duct defining a helical bottom track on which a solid reagent can slide from the inlet to the outlet of the helical duct; a mechanism for bringing the solid reagent to the inlet of the helical duct; a mechanism for causing a heat-transport gas to flow in the helical duct, from the outlet to the inlet of the helical duct; a reservoir of solid reagent under the outlet of the helical duct; and a conveyor for conveying the reagent from a low point of the reservoir to the bringing mechanism.

Abstract: An apparatus is for directing a fluid into a radial reactor is and which maintains a bed of solid particulate material within a reactor. The apparatus comprises a duct for directing fluid into a reactor and has a screenless face for the egress of the fluid, while providing for the retention of solid particles.

Abstract: An improved desolventizer toaster and methods are provided wherein a solvent vapor recycle system may be employed to recycle solvent vapor throughout a portion of the desolventizer portion of the apparatus housing. In other embodiments of the invention, a water vapor recycle system may be employed to recycle water vapor throughout a portion of the toaster portion of the apparatus housing. The solvent vapor recycle system may comprise an appropriate meal dust separator, blower and superheater. The water vapor recycle system may comprise an appropriate ejector or blower and superheater. Water vapor recovered in the solvent extraction process may be used as a water vapor feed to the heated water vapor recycling system.

Abstract: An apparatus for upgrading coal comprising a baffle tower, inlet and exhaust plenums, and one or more cooling augers. The baffle tower comprises a plurality of alternating rows of inverted v-shaped inlet and outlet baffles. The inlet and outlet plenums are affixed to side walls of the baffle tower. Process gas enters the baffle tower from the inlet plenum via baffle holes in the side wall and dries the coal in the baffle tower. Process exhaust gas exits the baffle tower into the exhaust plenum via baffle holes in a different side wall of the baffle tower. Coal that enters the baffle tower descends by gravity downward through the baffle tower and enters a cooling auger, where the dried coal from the baffle tower is mixed with non-dried coal. A method of using the apparatus described above to upgrade coal.

Abstract: A combined plenum divider/hopper is provided for a grain drying tower. The divider/hopper is positioned in the drying tower proximate the heater for the drying tower and is operable to adjust the ratio of the length of the heating portion of the plenum to the length of the cooling portion of the plenum.

Abstract: A multiple-stage granular moving-bed apparatus comprises a first integrated moving-bed unit, a second integrated moving-bed unit and at least one granular material. The first integrated moving-bed unit, having a first inlet part for providing a raw gas flowing therein, a first outlet part for providing a partially-cleaned gas flowing thereout, and a plurality of first flow-corrective elements disposed therebetween for defining two channels. The second integrated moving-bed unit, coupled to the first integrated moving-bed unit, having a second inlet part for providing the partially-cleaned gas flowing therein, a second outlet part for providing a completely-cleaned gas flowing thereout, and a plurality of second flow-corrective elements disposed therebetween for defining two channels. The at least one granular material flows through the two channels respectively and then passes through the two channels respectively.

Abstract: A two-stage granular moving-bed filter includes a gas inlet part, a gas outlet part, and a plurality of flow-corrective elements. The gas outlet part is disposed opposite to the gas inlet part, and the plurality of flow-corrective elements is disposed in a channel formed between the gas inlet part and gas outlet part. Meanwhile, a first granular material is provided to flow through a channel formed between the gas inlet part and the flow-corrective element in a state of mass flow, and a second granular material is provided to flow through a channel formed between the flow-corrective element and the gas outlet part. By means of having two different kinds of filter media moving through the channels between the gas inlet and outlet part, it is capable of performing two-stage filtering process after the raw gas flows therethrough, so as to improve the filtering effect of the gas.

Abstract: The invention provides a dryer for drying particulate material, comprising at least one substantially vertical elongate container having: an upper inlet for receiving a charge of moisture containing particulate material; a lower outlet for discharging dried particulate material, whereby the particulate material travels under the influence of gravity from the inlet to the outlet; at least one substantially vertical gas permeable wall through which a drying gas can pass to contact the particulate material; the dryer also comprising at least one plenum on an exterior surface of the at least one gas permeable wall, covering ingress and egress openings within the at least one gas permeable wall.

Abstract: A continuous granulating and drying apparatus comprises a granulator and a fluid bed dryer. The fluid bed dryer comprises at least two separate processing compartments forming part of a common vessel being provided with radially extending partition walls separating the processing compartments from each other. Each processing compartment has a product inlet and a product outlet. The fluid bed dryer comprises a granulated product supply conduit arranged rotatably to selectively communicate with the product inlet of each separate processing compartment, respectively, and a product discharge conduit arranged rotatably to selectively communicate with the product outlet of each separate processing compartment, respectively. The granulator and the fluid bed dryer are closely coupled.

Abstract: A screenless reactor design is presented. The reactor includes a series of overlapping vanes where solid catalyst can cascade down the vanes. Gas flows across the catalyst by flowing through the vanes contacting the catalyst and then disengaging from contact with the solid catalyst particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for torrefaction of water containing cellulosic materials is performed in an inert atmosphere. The cellulosic material is cascaded through the apparatus between a plurality of rotatable trays vertically stacked within multiple processing zones. Steam being generated from heating of the cellulosic material is recycled back to the apparatus to provide an inert atmosphere. The steam may be superheated in a heat exchanger. Exhaust from the torrefaction zone of the apparatus has some moisture and other volatiles removed prior to being reheated in a burner. The heated exhaust is used in the heat exchanger to superheat the recycled steam.

Abstract: An apparatus for upgrading coal comprising a baffle tower, inlet and exhaust plenums, and one or more cooling augers. The baffle tower comprises a plurality of alternating rows of inverted v-shaped inlet and outlet baffles. The inlet and outlet plenums are affixed to side walls of the baffle tower. Process gas enters the baffle tower from the inlet plenum via baffle holes in the side wall and dries the coal in the baffle tower. Process exhaust gas exits the baffle tower into the exhaust plenum via baffle holes in a different side wall of the baffle tower. Coal that enters the baffle tower descends by gravity downward through the baffle tower and enters a cooling auger, where the dried coal from the baffle tower is mixed with non-dried coal. A method of using the apparatus described above to upgrade coal.

Abstract: An improved vertical aeration system is provided for a grain bin having a sloped hopper bottom with a discharge opening. A pyramid frame includes legs with lower ends attachable to the hopper bottom. Concave perforated walls are attached to the legs. Braces extending between the legs provide structural support for the walls. An air duct extends upwardly and centrally into the interior of the frame, to supply air into the aeration system for flow outwardly through the perforated walls.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating low rank coal having a processor with transverse baffles. Coal is introduced into the top of the processor and passes through the processor by gravity. Heated relatively inert gas is introduced into the processor and flows through the coal, heating the coal and removing moisture from the coal. The temperature of the heated process gas, the size of the coal, the size of the inlet and outlet openings of the processor and the rate of flow of the coal are selected for optimum efficiency.

Abstract: A capsule dryer utilizes an upper level having a plurality of drying baskets and a lower level having a plurality of drying baskets disposed beneath the upper level of drying baskets. The footprint of the capsule dryer is thus reduced while providing a same or superior drying capabilities. Furthermore, the drying baskets at the different levels are independently controlled.

Abstract: A granular moving-bed apparatus is introduced to have an inlet louvered wall, an outlet louvered wall opposing to the inlet louvered wall, a granular path formed in between, a plurality of serial roof-shaped flow-corrective elements located along the granular path, and a predetermined type of granular materials flowing inside the granular path. The inlet louvered wall and the outlet louvered wall are particularly constructed to form serial hopper-shaped structures that define the granular path. The roof-shaped flow-corrective element is systematically displaced with respect to the hopper-shaped structure by specific criteria so that problems of corrosions, plaques and stagnant zones formed to the louvered walls of the apparatus can be avoided.

Abstract: An FCC apparatus uses a cantilevered support for supporting baffles in a stripping vessel. Only one end of the support is fastened to a wall of a contacting conduit or a wall of the stripping vessel and the other end is spaced apart from the near wall of the contacting conduit or the stripping vessel. The arrangement provides for easier maintenance and accommodates differential thermal expansion.

Abstract: Apparatus (1) is provided for passing a fluid through a solid material (5). Apparatus (1) has an enclosure (2) with an upper part (7) in which the solid material is received. The solid material flows downward through one or more passages (13) which extend between end walls (11 and 12). Opposing sides of the or each passage are formed by side plates (14, 15) of fluid inlet and outled ducts (9, 10). The side plates are perforated so that fluid can pass transversely through the solid material flowing through each passage. The inlet and outlet ducts (9 and 10) have inlet parts (16 and 17) respectively, outside the enclosure. Solid material arrives at a lower part (8) of the enclosure and then leaves the enclosure. The apparatus (1) can be made compactly for the degree of fluid/solid contact provided. It is applicable to many applications such as drying of solids, heat exchange between fluids and solids, dust removal from gases, chemical reactors and humidifying/dehumidifying of fluids.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for desolventizing particulate material having a solvent carried thereby wherein an upper indirect heating zone and a lower direct heating zone is provided. Each of the zones has a plurality of spaced apart horizontal trays for receiving particulate material. The trays define a vertical series of compartments through which the particulate material passes. Steam is provided to the particulate material indirectly in said indirect heating zone and directly in said direct heating zone are also included. An integral air tight flash chamber below the compartments enhances solvent recovery via vaporization of residual solvent from the condensed steam adhered to the particulate material traveling through the direct heating zone prior to discharge of the particulate material. The recovered residual solvent is delivered under pressure to a predetermined compartment in the direct heating zone provide heat for desolventizing the solvent-laden particulate material.

Abstract: A manure processing apparatus is defined which has a processing bin and a plurality of augers, with the augers arranged vertically and adapted to move back and forth along the length and width of the processing bin. The apparatus further comprises an air conditioning system to compost the manure and to dry the manure to produce feed.

Abstract: Conditioning apparatus for handling particulate material comprises a central frame and a plurality of spaced, annular troughs mounted to the central frame to support the particulate material. The troughs are arranged in a stacked configuration having successive pairs of upper and lower troughs with an uppermost trough for receiving the particulate material and a lowermost trough for discharging particulate material. Hydraulic cylinders or other suitable means are used to impart vibratory movement to the plurality of troughs to fluidize and advance the particulate material in a first direction on each of the plurality of troughs. A passage is formed through each trough for particulate material to fall from the upper trough of a pair to the lower trough.

Abstract: A heating furnace is provided to use for medium and small size incinerator, to control air pollution effectively using waste heat generated from the incinerator and not to require large size equipment. The heating furnace includes a first opening for inserting disposal material, a second opening communicating with a furnace body being capable of heating the disposal material, a heat flow passage formed between the first opening and the second opening, and a heating tube having receiving means, the receiving means receiving the disposal material into the heat flow passage and at the same time dropping the disposal material into the furnace body during the rotation. A motor is connected to the furnace body to obtain electric power by heat generated from the furnace body.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for desolventizing particulate material having a solvent carried thereby wherein an upper indirect heating zone and a lower direct heating zone is provided. Each of the zones has a plurality of spaced apart horizontal trays for receiving particulate material. The trays define a vertical series of compartments through which the particulate material passes. Steam is provided to the particulate material indirectly in said indirect heating zone and directly in said direct heating zone are also included. An integral air tight flash chamber below the compartments enhances solvent recovery via vaporization of residual solvent from the condensed steam adhered to the particulate material traveling through the direct heating zone prior to discharge of the particulate material. The recovered residual solvent is delivered under pressure to a predetermined compartment in the direct heating zone provide heat for desolventizing the solvent-laden particulate material.

Abstract: An improved stripper section design is provided for use in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units. The stripper section contains means for imparting rotational movement to the FCC cracking catalyst as it traverses the stripping section. In one embodiment the stripper section contains at least one rotation vane that is preferably disposed on the surface of a stripper section tray. The rotation vane provides angular, rotational movement to the cracking catalyst as it traverses the stripper section. Vertical movement is imparted to the cracking catalyst due to gravity and radial movement is imparted to the catalyst due to the slanted nature of the tray. Through the use of the rotation vanes the contact between the catalyst particles and the stripping steam is increased, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the FCC operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying grain in which a plurality of conveyors are mounted one above the other. The discharge end of one conveyor feeds the input end of the next lower conveyor. The conveyors have a porous top surface and are vibrated to move the grain. Warm air is conveyed beneath the top conveyor and every other conveyor thereafter. Cool air is conveyed beneath the conveyor beneath the top conveyor and every other conveyor thereafter. The warm and cool air passes through the porous top surfaces of the conveyors. Thus the conveyors alternately heat and cool the grain to remove moisture to the desired level. The apparatus can be free standing or mounted as part of a combine or harvester.

Abstract: A grain dryer has three levels of modulated air chambers; a multi-perforated chamber holding grains which surround all three levels of the modulated air chambers; an intermediate air passage; partition walls and a set of central fans to direct airflow cross-upwardly in an S-shape inside the grain dryer; and an external chamber to exhaust air out to the ambient, minimizing heat loss, and thereby increasing the effiency of moisture exhange between grains and air.

Abstract: The apparatus has a plurality of conveying elements (20) that are connected in series, and have two parallel toothed belts and steel carrier sheets connected thereto. The belts are respectively guided over deflecting wheels (15), where the conveying elements (20) are deflected by about 180.degree.. The products to be drained are continuously and sequentially placed onto the conveying elements (20), with the water that is still clinging to the products being spun off at the deflecting wheels (15). The apparatus can be used to achieve gentle drainage in a continuous process.

Abstract: Jet ventilated trays for a fluidizer conveyor for processing particulate material permit gas to pass up through slots between the slats, and sufficient gas passes through the slots to prevent fine particles falling through the trays. The ventilated tray has a plurality of slats arranged transversely to the direction of travel of the particulate material on the conveyor, adjacent slats overlap in the direction of travel leaving longitudinal slots at leading edges of top slats for gas flow therethrough. The use of a wet particulate material on the tray allows scrubbing and filtering applications.

Abstract: The bulk material cooler/dryer apparatus of the present invention utilizes an oscillating spreader assembly in conjunction with a reciprocating discharge grate structure to achieve uniform distribution of in-flowing bulk material within a main processing chamber and also to achieve uniform and efficient discharge of the material from the chamber once processing is complete. This uniform distribution of bulk material within the processing chamber is accomplished via a spreader assembly which is mounted to the top of the chamber and which moves along two orthogonal axes. Motion with respect to each of the axes is facilitated by a pair of linear actuators, the actions of which are controlled so as to cause the stream of in-flowing material that is issued therefrom to oscillate in a sinusoidal type pattern when observed from a point above the spreader assembly.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for drying of a material containing a volatile component, in which the material is disposed in a bed in a drying zone which is in communication with a closed circuit in which a gaseous drying medium is circulated. Associated with the drying gone is a closed heat pump system including a compressor, at least one condenser in the drying zone, a super heat exchanger and a working medium. The drying zone is supplied with super heat from the super heat exchanger, and the condenser is supplied with working medium from a super heat exchanger, thereby increasing the temperature in the drying zone.

Abstract: A method for providing higher yielding seed corn comprising a single-pass, reversing, high air velocity process. Another aspect of the invention concerns a conversion panel for converting a dual-pass seed corn drying system into a single-pass system.

Abstract: Apparatus of the present invention for batch drying crop in the shell comprises a bin having a generally cylindric bin wall, a conical upper drying floor carded by the bin wall, means floor for forming a substantially uniform layer of the crop to be dried on the upper surface of the upper drying floor, and selectively operable means for effecting the gravity discharge of the batch of crop from the upper drying floor. An inverted conical lower drying floor is carded by the bin below the upper drying floor for receiving the crop discharged from the upper drying floor. The lower drying floor has a hopper shaped crop supporting surface. Means is associated with the lower drying floor for forming a substantially uniform layer of crop on the lower drying floor upon the crop being gravity discharged from the upper drying floor. The lower drying floor further has a bottom outlet for the gravity discharge of the crop supported thereon.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for final drying of harvested brine shrimp cysts preparatory to containerization, for subsequent storage and shipment. The device is portable, and may be installed upon the near shore of the shrimp bearing body of water, or upon shrimp harvesting vessels. A closed drying chamber contains a vertically arranged series of cyst drying trays, the cysts cascading downward from tray to tray by gravity assisted by vibration of the trays from top to bottom of the drying chamber. Conveying and lifting apparatus is associated with the chamber to permit the recirculation of the cysts until a sufficient degree of dryness is obtained. Heated air is introduced into the stationary drying chamber. The apparatus provides for final separation of any broken shrimp cysts still remaining.

Abstract: To avoid premature deterioration of raw products such as spices and herbs or products produced with these ingredients, the product or material is sterilized by exposure to elevated pressures and temperatures for a predetermined time. The sterilization process comprises a multiplicity of chambers whereby a product is introduced to the first chamber, pressurized, transferred through a series of sterilization chambers while exposing the product to the sterilization environment of the chambers for a predetermined time, then depressurized in a depressurization chamber. When using a moist sterilization fluid, a drying chamber is attached to the depressurization chamber to remove excess and undesirable moisture from the product.

Abstract: A grain drying apparatus of a type including, a pair of spaced apart air pervious walls for confining a column of grain to be dried. A plenum chamber is formed on one side of the innermost of the air pervious walls. A blower or the like is provided for causing heated air from said plenum chamber to pass through the spaced air pervious walls and therefore through said column of grain to be dried. A grain diverting plate is disposed between and spaced from the spaced air pervious walls. A first portion of the plate which is closest to the innermost air pervious wall is higher than a second portion of said plate which is closest to the outermost air pervious wall. This creates a void under the angled plate. The angle of the plate is steep enough to allow grain to flow against it on the bottom side, therefore grain will completely flow into and fill the void. The grain next to the outside skin of the dryer is restricted into a funnel with the outlet being smaller than the inlet.

Abstract: A bulk material reactor which has a travelling bed (3) made up of the bulk material held inside a reactor housing (1), with an input assembly (14, 15) on the top and an outlet assembly (4) on the bottom of the travelling bed, a gas supply line (10) and a gas discharge line (18) at different ends of the travelling bed (3), wherein the travelling bed (3) is disposed around a central column (2), the floor (6) of which adjoins the discharge assembly (4), holding the bulk material at an angle of repose; it possesses an advantageous gas supply and can thereby be combined into major reactor assemblies without difficulty, because the interior of the central column (2) constitutes the gas line (10) and the central column (2) has an outlet opening (11) in its floor (6).

Abstract: A cooling device (1) in the form of a vertically arranged hollow chamber is located between a heat treatment furnace (9) and a quenching bath (11d). The device controls the cooling of small hardware items dropping downwardly through it from the furnace (9) to the bath (11d). Spaced baffles (3) are arranged in the hollow chamber and are adjustably inclinable relative to the vertical. A heat transfer member is connected to the baffles so that heat can be removed from or stabilized in the small hardware items flowing over the baffles.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for enforced heat transmission between a solid or liquid alimentary body and an ambient gas takes place in connection with cooling/freezing or when cooking, frying or drying the entire part or parts of the alimentary body. This method and arrangement uses a low-frequency standing sound wave. The apparatus uses a low-frequency sound generator having a pulsator part and a resonator part. The resonator part is acoustically virtually closed and is designed so that the alimentary body, which is to be exposed to enforced heat transmission, is located within a zone inside the resonator part where the standing sound wave has a particle velocity anti-node.

Abstract: In a bulk material reactor comprising a reactor housing in which is arranged a travelling bed of 6,6' formed of bulk material 7,7', and a feed device 14-16-17 located on the top side, and a removal device 10 located on the underside of travelling bed 6,6,' as well as a gas inlet opening 2, and a gas outlet opening 3 located on various sides of travelling bed 6,6', the narrowing of gas-flow pathways through transfer device 10 is avoided and uniform flow-through pathways of equal length are provided for the gas flowing through the reactor whereby furthermore, travelling bed 6,6' is bounded along its lower side through staggered transfer plates 10 arranged in a cascade formation between which plates bulk material 7,7' collects to form an angle of repose 11 by means of which the trickling away of bulk material 7,7' is prevented while the system is stopped, whereby such transfer plates 10 can be moved backward and forward in such a way that motion in the transfer plates 10 permits bulk material 7,7' to fall theref

Abstract: A vertical dryer for granular materials the dryer having a substantially vertical chute into which granular material is deposited, the chute having walls that are at least in part air pervious for passing heated air through the chute, the chute having incline baffles for intercepting and redirecting the granular material during its descent in the chute.

Abstract: Apparatus for continuous production of intumesced, expanded, puffed, or exfoliated particles. A rotatable processing table is driven by a speed controllable motor connected to rotate the table at a desired rotational rate. Particulate feeding means overlie the table for depositing the particles to be intumesced onto a first sector in the path of the upper surface of the processing table during rotation thereof. Heating means are mounted above and below the plane of the processing table at a second sector in the rotational path of same which is spaced from the first sector, and heat expand the particles during passage through the second sector. A scraper blade is mounted above the processing table at a third sector in the rotational path of the table which is spaced and downstream from the second sector.

Abstract: A process is provided for drying products in divided form, particularly cereals, and an apparatus for implementing this process. This process is based on the principle of placing the material to be dried (cereal grains, food grains . . . ) in suspension in a gaseous stream forming the hot drying fluid. In accordance with the invention, alternate steps are provided for drying and sweating the material during treatment, the sweating involving absence of drying fluid flow about the grains. An apparatus for implementing this process includes a casing with vertical axis in which is mounted at least one perforated horizontal plate supporting the fluidized bed, a blade being movable perpendicularly to the plate, two side hoppers with mobile bottoms being associated with each plate, a blade being mounted in each hopper.

Abstract: Oven for dehydrating pulverulents, sand or granules, comprising an energy-saving dehydration device, adapted to gypsum burning. The device consists of an outer casing, an inner casing and flow cones disposed on said casings. A burner and a lock complete the device. Pressure within the oven is increased by the provision of a cover, a gypsum lock and a steam valve. The process takes place in dry or moist conditions, the latter being advantageous for the processing of insulating products or for gypsum amending the nature of plaster. Heat exchange enables the products to be processed at low temperatures. The central combustion chamber prevents loss by radiation. Application to gypsum burning, during which the device has demonstrated energy savings of 50% in comparison with traditional appliances.

Abstract: An apparatus for reducing the moisture content of liquid honey includes an enclosed housing with an upper inlet port and lower outlet port. Honey enters the inlet port and flows downward across a series of zig-zagged trays to the outlet port. Expanded metal screens on each tray spread the honey uniformly across the trays. A fan unit circulates air within the housing through an evaporator coil and heater, which dry and warm the air. The warm dry air absorbs moisture from the flowing honey.

Abstract: A process for the dry sluicing of sediment from pressurized systems, such as gasification processes, in which gravitationally conveyed sediments are cooled to below their release temperature before removal. The sediments are cooled via indirect heat exchange, such as radiation cooling, to below their release point in a first zone, and are then further cooled indirectly as well as directly via cool countercurrent gas in a second zone to temperatures below 300.degree. C., the sediment route in the second zone being lengthened by deflection of at least a part of the sediment, the sediment being removed via a sluice.

Abstract: An apparatus for cooling high-temperature particles in which various factors which adversely disturb the stability of the moving layer of high-temperature particles can be substantially eliminated and large-sized and medium-sized lumps contained in the high-temperature particles are forcibly broken into smaller particles for prevention of shutdown of a clinker burning process or the like.

Abstract: Glowing coke descending through a cooling duct in a coking plant is quenched by two gas flows respectively traversing an upper compartment and a lower compartment of the duct, the two compartments meeting at a restricted gate for the passage of the coke. At least the lower gas flow, passing in countercurrent to the descending coke charge, is also circulated through a drying and preheating oven for coal to be fed to a coke-oven battery of the plant, thus containing some water vapor. When the upper flow is also constituted by coal-drying gas, it is passed downward through the upper compartment in order to reduce the height of a high-temperature zone in which combustion and thus loss of coke could occur. The coke gate is formed by a funnel-shaped upper partition and an upwardly pointing conical lower partition between which a scavenger gas passes in cross-flow.