Abstract: Apparatus and method for the non-contact drying of a web of material. The apparatus includes air flotation nozzles for floating the web, and direct air impingement nozzles for enhanced drying of the web. The nozzle arrangement is particularly well-suited to float and dry light weight webs under moderate to high tension. Increased cushion pressure is created to support the web preferably with the same horsepower as conventional arrangements. The increased cushion pressure pad of the nozzle arrangement allows for good flotation with reduced velocities below about 11,500 FPM. Machine direction wrinkles are removed and the result is positive flotation with no marking on the web or ink build up on the air bars. The nozzle arrangement includes pairs of flotation nozzles directly opposing pairs of direct impingement nozzles. A perforated member can be positioned between flotation nozzles within a pair of flotation nozzles to control return air.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are directed at allowing a vehicle to idle for a predetermined amount of time before shutdown. In accordance with one embodiment, a method is provided that accepts input from the vehicle operator to initiate a countdown to vehicle shutdown. When the input is received, a countdown is initiated that is regularly updated to reflect the passage of time. During the countdown, a vehicle ignition bus is maintained in an active state and a countdown value that reflects the time remaining before shutdown is presented on a graphical display. Then, in response to expiration of the countdown, the method allows the vehicle ignition bus to transition into an inactive state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for drying a moving web of material at a paper or board machine. The drying is performed by a heated drying cylinder (1) transverse to the direction of travel of the web, past which the web is being led. According to the invention, the drying cylinder (1) has been constructed so that its temperature can be adjusted independently at different locations in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder, i.e. the transverse direction of the web. With the adjustability of the drying cylinder it is possible to eliminate moisture differences occurring in the transverse direction of the web in connection with the drying. Especially, it is possible to eliminate moisture lines in the longitudinal direction of the web, which are generated when forming the web on the wire.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for drying a fibre-based pulp web (2), and to a drying box (1) used in the method. According to the invention, the drying box (1) contains drying zones (9a-9e), to each one of which hot drying air can be blown independently so that the web can be dried in the various zones at different temperatures. The temperature of the first zone (9a) can thus be lower than that of one or more subsequent zones (9b-9e) to prevent the water in the incoming wet web from boiling. The last zone in the drying box (1) can be a separate cooling zone (11), wherein the web is cooled by indoor air from outside the box. The temperatures can be adjusted by adjusting, with the aid of valves (8), the pressure of the steam, which heats the drying air that is fed into the various zones (9a-9e), on the basis of the temperatures measured by the sensors (23) for the various zones and of the basis weight and moisture measurements carried out on the web (2) that goes into the box (1) and comes out of the box.

Abstract: A process for drying/heat-treating nonwoven webs in which the web is partially dried under tension in a first drying zone and further heat treated under low tension or in a substantially tensionless state a second drying zone. The process significantly reduces the occurrence of stretch-type defects in the nonwoven webs.

Abstract: A nozzle arrangement in an airborne web-drying apparatus for drying a coated paper web (10) or the like. The nozzle arrangement comprises at least one overpressure nozzle (14), which is arranged to blow drying air both in the web's travel direction and against the web's travel direction. The nozzle arrangement comprises further a direct impingement nozzle (16) combined with the exit side and/or the entrance side (26) of the overpressure nozzle, in which direct impingement nozzle a plurality of nozzle slots or nozzle orifices (17) are formed in order to blow drying air mainly perpendicularly toward the web. The perpendicular distance (a1) from the nozzle surface (30) of the direct impingement nozzle (16) to the web is larger than the perpendicular distance (a2) from the supporting surface (32) of the overpressure nozzle (14) to the web.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for staging or cooling a substrate between high temperature thermal processing steps. In the disclosed embodiment, one or more cooling stations are located off-line within a wafer handling chamber, outside the thermal processing chamber. After thermal processing, a hot wafer can be loaded on to one station, where the wafer is subjected to forced convection cooling. In particular, the wafer is subjected to cooling gas from above and below through perforated upper and lower showerhead assemblies. The wafer can thus be cooled rapidly on a station while other wafers are transferred into and out of the processing chamber. Desirably, the wafer is cooled on the station to a point at which it can be handled by a low temperature wafer handler and stored in a low temperature cassette.

Abstract: Drying section of a machine for producing a material web. The drying section includes at least one web guidance device and at least one wire arranged to guide the material web through the at least one web guidance device. The at least one web guidance device is structured and arranged to direct pressurized gas at the material web so that, in a web travel direction, the material web is alternately lifted from the at least one wire and resting against the at least one wire.

Abstract: A dryer for a material web having a surface to which ink is applied, including a housing subdivided into sections, through which a web travel plane extends wherein the material web is transportable, and a cooling and conditioning unit integrated in the housing, the cooling and conditioning unit having an inlet for admitting therethrough fresh air to the housing, includes at least one chill roll in the cooling and conditioning unit, over which the material web is guidable, the at least one chill roll being disposed and the fresh air being conductable through the cooling and conditioning unit in a manner for promoting post-evaporation of solvent inside the cooling and conditioning unit, and for preventing solvent vapors harmful to operating personnel from escaping to the outside from the housing; and a method of operating the dryer.

Abstract: While being transferred in substantially horizontal state along a predetermined path of transfer by a conveyer means, a substrate plate is dried by a jet of compressed air which is spurted out from a slit-like mouth of an air knife nozzle crosswise of the entire width of the substrate plate and at a predetermined angle of incidence with respect to a drying surface of the substrate plate to scrape off a liquid. The angle of incidence of jet air is made shallower as soon as the substrate on the conveyer means comes to a point of entry to an air blasting zone and is made deeper at latest when the substrate plate comes to a position immediately before a point of disengagement from the air blasting zone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for staging or cooling a substrate between high temperature thermal processing steps. In the disclosed embodiment, one or more cooling stations are located off-line within a wafer handling chamber, outside the thermal processing chamber. After thermal processing, a hot wafer can be loaded on to one station, where the wafer is subjected to forced convection cooling. In particular, the wafer is subjected to cooling gas from above and below through perforated upper and lower showerhead assemblies. The wafer can thus be cooled rapidly on a station while other wafers are transferred into and out of the processing chamber, Desirably, the wafer is cooled on the station to a point at which it can be handled by a low temperature wafer handler and stored in a low temperature cassette.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus of drying a fiber web (5) which is dried between two tight bands (1, 2) that move in parallel and turn around turning rolls (6a, 6b, 7a, 7b), the first band (1) being heated and the second band (2) being cooled, the fiber web (5) being arranged to run through the drying zone defined by the bands (1, 2) together with at least two felts or wires (3, 4) such that the fiber web (5) is in contact with the surface of the first band (1), a coarse wire (4) is in contact with the surface of the second, cooled band (2), and a fine wire (3) is between the fiber web (5) and the coarse wire (4). The fine wire (3) is cleaned with a cleaning device (11).

Abstract: Method and apparatus for drying a coated paper web (W) or the like web. The apparatus (10) comprises sequentially in the running direction of the web—a turning device (16) arranged on the first side of the web and provided with blow nozzles (20), with which the running direction of the web to be dried is turned in a non-contacting way, and web drying devices (30, 30′) arranged on the first and the second sides of the web, in which the web is dried in a non-contacting manner. The apparatus further comprises a counterpart (18) provided with overpressure nozzles (24), arranged on the second side of the web at the point of the turning device (16), for stabilizing the web run by means of blows generating a local overpressure between the web (W) and the carrier surfaces of the overpressure nozzles (24).

Abstract: An apparatus for drying and smoothing a fibre web between two tight bands that move in parallel and run around turning rolls, the first band being heated with hot steam and the second band being cooled with water, and the fibre web being conducted through the drying zone that the bands define together with at least one felt or wire such that the fibre web is in contact with the surface of the first, heated band and that the felt or wire is between the fibre web and the second, cooled band. The apparatus and method further comprise spreading the fibre web in its transverse direction before it is led into the drying apparatus.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is disclosed for cooling a substrate between high temperature thermal processing steps. In the disclosed embodiment, one or more cooling stations are located off-line within a wafer handling chamber, just outside the thermal processing chamber. After thermal processing, a hot wafer can be loaded on to the cooling station, where the wafer is subjected to forced convection cooling. In particular, the wafer is subjected to cooling gas from above and below through perforated upper and lower shower head assemblies. The wafer can thus be cooled rapidly on a cooling station while other wafers are transferred into and out of the processing chamber. Desirably, the wafer is cooled on the cooling station to a point at which it can be handled by a low temperature wafer handler and stored in a low temperature cassette.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry end for drying a material web, in particular a paper or cardboard web, having at least one drying group with a plurality of drying cylinders and web guiding rollers and at least one nozzle device for transporting the threading part of the material web along a winding path by means of at least one conveyor band. The dry end is characterised in that groups of at least two nozzle devices (17, 19, 21) located at the same side of the material web (11) follow each other in the direction of transport of the material web (11).

Abstract: The dryer section in a papermaking machine has a single tier of all top felted dryer rolls six to nine feet in diameter. Air caps are employed over the dryer rolls to simultaneously dry both sides of the web to prevent curl and to increase drying rates. The air caps employ blown air at a temperature of 250-900 degrees Fahrenheit and air speeds of 8,000-40,000 feet per minute. The dryer fabric employed is foraminous with a permeability of between 300-1,200 cubic feet per minute per square foot and is designed to withstand peak temperatures of up to 900 degrees Fahrenheit and average temperatures of between 500-600 degrees Fahrenheit. A single transfer roll, or more advantageously, two grooved vacuum rolls in a vacuum box are disposed between the dryer rolls to maximize the circumferential wrap of the web and, at the same time, support and transport the web between dryer rolls.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a coating on a paper web or equivalent in which the direction of running of the paper web is turned, free of contact, by blowings produced by a turning device and the coating on the paper web is dried free of contact by blowings of drying devices placed at both sides of the paper web. The direction of running of the paper web is turned by drying blowings. The exhaust air of the turning device and drying device, which is placed at the side of the turning device, is removed from direct vicinity of the paper web or equivalent by a common exhaust device. The turning device and drying device are placed under and within a common box construction so that access of the exhaust air into the surrounding space is prevented. The device includes a turning device for turning the running direction of the paper web free of contact and a drying device for contact-free drying of the coating on the paper web.

Abstract: A wide printed paper web is longitudinally separated into at least two partial paper webs after the last printing unit of a printing press and before being dried. The plural partial paper webs are dried in a drying device on separate or the same level. The partial paper webs are dried in a smudge-free manner and are free of longitudinal creases or folds.

Abstract: A method and device for drying a paper web in a dryer section having a number of successive dryer groups with a single-wire draw, and being situated after a press section of the paper machine. Each dryer group includes contact-drying cylinders arranged in a first row and reversing suction cylinders or equivalent suction rolls arranged in a second row, the rows being horizontal, diagonal or vertical rows. The paper web is dried by contact-drying cylinders from the side of its lower face across the entire length of the dryer section. The paper web is passed as a closed draw from one dryer group to the next group, and the paper web is guided, while it runs on the drying wire at the side of the outside curve, by the reversing suction cylinders having a curve radius selected in a range from about 250 mm to about 1000 mm.

Abstract: A method of printing a material web includes the steps of applying ink to the material web, subsequently drying the material web with the use of heat and subsequently drying the material web, and, after cooling and prior to further processing, moistening the material web while simultaneously applying heat to the material web, and subsequently once again cooling the material web. An apparatus for carrying out the method includes, in a travel direction, a printing unit, a drying section following the printing unit, a cooling section following the drying section, a moistening section following the cooling section, and an after-cooling section following the moistening section.

Abstract: Device for drying a material in strip form (1), in particular paper in strip form, including on a frame (2) two series (S.sub.1, S.sub.2) of drying nozzles (3), delimiting in a plane (P) a corridor for the passage of the material in strip form over a path (T), each of the series of drying nozzles being located in a plane (P.sub.1, P.sub.2) substantially parallel to the plane (P), the drying nozzles being perpendicular to the path of the material, each nozzle comprising at least one narrow, longitudinal slit (4) suitable for allowing a drying gas (5), for example air, to flow therethrough; blocking means are provided for selectively neutralizing a plurality of areas (6) of at least one slit; these means are constituted by at least one comb element (7) positioned in the slit, the comb element comprising a base (8) placed inside the slit and teeth (9) flush with the surface of the slit, the teeth being separated by gaps (10) between which flows the gas escaping through the slit.

Abstract: A device for drying strips of printed material includes a drying chamber through which the strips of printed material are carried, the drying chamber being divided into at least two sections by walls and being as gas-tight as possible in relation to the environment, at least one burner connected to the drying chamber by an outlet duct for discharging at least a portion of combustion gases and connected to the drying chamber by a feed duct for feeding to the burner gases saturated with solvents and structure for feeding fresh air to a first of the at least two sections being located at a first outer end of the drying chamber. The feed duct is connected to a second of the at least two sections.

Abstract: A method of treating printed circuit boards or other items is provided, wherein a drying apparatus is specifically provided, generally for use as part of a cleaning or other treatment apparatus, but which can be separately provided, if desired. The drying apparatus employs preferably warm air discharge tubes, for drying items of varying thicknesses, and/or that have varying thicknesses of components mounted thereon. Generally, the printed circuit or other items are carried through the apparatus between upper and lower foraminous conveyor belts, with one of the belts, conforming to the varying thicknesses of the items, or components carried by the items. While some of the air discharge tubes may be stationarily mounted, at least some of them are pivotally mounted, such that their discharge opening zones can slide along and conform to variations in thickness. The discharge tube will pivot in response to the varying thicknesses. The pivotal motion of the tube may be provided with a means for balancing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for air-drying material webs, in particular material webs of relatively high grammage such as pulp webs. The invention also relates to a nozzle-blow-box and a pulp dryer that make use of the method. Air blowings in a direction substantially perpendicular to the web and air blowings in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the web are applied to the web to be dried from underneath the web. By means of these blowings, both heat is transferred to the web and the web is supported by the air free of contact, and the run of the web through the dryer is stabilized. In order to improve the transfer of heat in comparison with a planar carrier face, the air flow velocity parallel to the plane of the web is initially kept substantially invariable. The air flow velocity is lowered in the lateral areas of the carrier face by employing lateral areas of the nozzle-carrier face that become rampwise and/or stepwise lower in the air-flow direction.