Abstract: A method for drying drying-stock includes separating solvent-containing drying stock within a drying unit into a base material and a solvent with the aid of a first heat transfer medium that flows through a first circuit, where after the solvent has been taken up by the first heat transfer medium, the solvent is extracted from the heat transfer medium via heat energy (condensation), where the heat energy is transferred by a heat exchanger with the aid of an evaporation unit to a second circuit and made available to a second heat transfer medium, and where the heat energy is fed in a condensation unit of the heat pump back to the first circuit with the aid of a heat pump.

Abstract: A method for drying sludge comprising the following steps: (a) Dry dehydrated sludge to obtain a carrier for drying sludge (6); (b) Transport the carrier for drying sludge (6) and dehydrated sludge to be dried (1) to a stirring and mixing apparatus (2) for stirring and mixing and thereby obtain mixed sludge; (c) Transport the mixed sludge (3) to a drying apparatus (4) for drying; (d) Repeat steps (b) and (c); characterized in that in said step (d) a portion of the mixed sludge (3) obtained from the stirring and mixing apparatus (2) which is in an amount determined by amount of sludge carrier (6) required for drying is extracted and transported to the drying apparatus (4) for drying and the rest of the mixed sludge is discharged as final product (7).

Abstract: A vapor atmosphere spray dryer can include a closed-loop circuit having a dryer, a bag house filter system, a fan, and a heater system which are fluidly connected together for circulating a mass of superheated vapor therethrough. A centrifugal atomizer is disposed within the dryer. A feed system delivers a supply of feed slurry to the centrifugal atomizer which discharges a supply of atomized feed slurry in the dryer for combination with the circulated mass of superheated vapor within the dryer. The closed loop circuit is constructed such that the circulated mass of superheated vapor has an operating pressure of at least 1 psi which is generated by the evaporation of the fluid in the atomized feed slurry in the dryer resulting from the combination of the supply of atomized feed slurry and the circulated mass of superheated vapor.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to continuously feed an object to be treated to a high-pressure reactor which treats the object to be treated containing 10 mass % or more of water under high pressure, while preventing backflow of a high-pressure atmosphere from the high-pressure reactor. This is embodied by making a configuration such that the object to be treated is fed to the high-pressure reactor connected to a discharge port of a screw feeder which is provided with a feed unit for the object to be treated and the discharge port on one end side and the other end side respectively and forms a high-pressure atmosphere pressurized to, for example, 2 MPa or higher, while air-tightness between the high-pressure atmosphere and the one end side of the screw feeder is maintained by a sealing action of an accumulation compressed on the other end side of the screw feeder.

Abstract: A steam blower box for applying steam onto a material web, particularly paper, which travels past the steam blower box. The steam blower box has a front and a rear limitation as seen in the travel direction of the material web and a steam chamber located between the front and rear limitations, wherein the steam chamber is open toward the material web. The steam chamber is closed off at its front and rear ends in the direction of travel by a limiting surface each of which protrudes in the direction toward the material web, and particularly forms a limiting edge; between the limiting surfaces, the steam chamber has a housing wall which is recessed relative to the material web. For achieving an air-free steam chamber of the steam blower box, a first steam outlet opening is provided in the housing wall immediately adjacent to the front limiting surface.

Abstract: A method of forming a dynamic liquid meniscus includes forming a meniscus at a first size, the meniscus being formed between a proximity head and a first surface and changing the meniscus to a second size by modulating a flow through at least one of a set of ports on the proximity head. A system for modulating flow through the ports in a proximity head is also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an algorithm used in a method and apparatus for controlling a paper machine, in order to automatically tune parameters used to calculate the initial value of web moisture percentage at a dryer part inlet after grade change and parameters used to calculate the dry-bulb temperature of air within a hood. In the method and apparatus, a regression line correlating the ratio of a difference in bone dry basis weight before and after grade change with a difference between the predicted value and steady-state value of steam pressure is determined from a plurality of point-of-grade-change data items, and a first parameter is calculated from the slope of this regression line. With the method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to automatically determine the value of the first parameter using earlier point-of-grade-change data, which used to be determined empirically.

Abstract: This substrate processing apparatus supplies wafers W accommodated in a closed processing container 10 with ozone gas and steam for processing the wafers W. The apparatus includes an ozone-gas generator 40 for supplying the ozone gas into the processing container 10, a steam generator 30 for supplying the steam into the processing container 10 and a steam nozzle 35 arranged in the processing container 10 and connected to the steam generator 30. The steam nozzle 35 is equipped with a nozzle body 35a having a plurality of steam ejecting orifices 35f formed at appropriate intervals and a heater 35h for preventing dewdrops of the steam from being produced in the nozzle body 35a. Consequently, it is possible to prevent the formation of dewdrops of solvent steam, which may produce origins of particles in the closed processing container, unevenness in cleaning (etching), etc., and also possible to improve the processing efficiency.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for manipulating dryer steam pressure in a paper machine during grade change, wherein change in moisture percentage is determined from a change in production amount during grade change, dryer stream pressure is manipulated so as to cancel the change in the moisture percentage, and production amount during grade change is calculated from basis weight and machine speed before and after grade change, whereby moisture percentage is kept constant during grade chagne so that sheet breaks are avoided and downtime is reduced.

Abstract: A method for controlling the drying process taking place in the dryer section of a paper machine. The dryer section comprises at least one drying cylinder unit and at least one air impingement unit. Optimal evaporation is first compiled in a manner known, for example, on the basis of a recipe or by utilising a machine-direction quality model or quality profile, when the geometry of the dryer section, the process parametersrequired, such as machine speed, paper grade and total evaporation required are known. Limit values are calculated for at least two controlled variables of the dryer section, such as the steam pressure and the temperature of blowing air, making use of drying quality models, such as models representing the adhesion and brightness of paper. After this the dryer section is divided an the basis of the distribution formed by the limit values of the controlled variables into drying segments, so that in two adjacent segments, the limit value of at least one controlled variable is different.

Abstract: A paper-making process control system is provided for a paper making machine to simulate a web drying operation performed by the drying sections of the paper machine, in order to enhance the reliability of controlling operation in the web product grade change and to reduce the time necessary for the grade change. In the control system, when a web product change is carried out during the paper-making process by passing a web (WE) along with a canvas belt (14b) around a steam-heated drums (14a) for the drying of the web (WE), the control system describes heat balance among the steam-heated drums(14a), the web (WE), and the canvas belt (14b) by heat balance equations on an assumption that there is no temperature differential in the temperature of the circumferential portion of each steam-heated drum (14a), and adjustably regulates supply of steam to the respective steam-heated drums (14a) on the basis of the heat balance equations to thereby bring a moisture content of the web (WE) to a desired value.

Abstract: Apparatus for distributing a heating medium, such as steam or hot air, to a paper web or calendar roll in sheet making machinery includes a removable profile screen to permit easy cleaning and maintenance. The apparatus comprises an elongated chamber to receive steam or hot air from a supply source with a front wall adapted to receive a removable screen. The removable screen is flexible and defines at least a portion of the front wall conforming generally to the shape of the adjacent surface to be heated. The screen member has a plurality of apertures through which the heating medium is forced to heat the surface. The screen is removably mounted to the apparatus by clip members.

Abstract: A dryer system has a combustion chamber, a dryer and a separator. The combustion chamber supplies heated gas to the dryer. Wet material is mixed with the heated gas in the dryer. The dried material is then separated from the gas in the separator. A method is used to increase the safety of the system. The method includes sensing the temperature of the dryer system. Further, if the temperature reaches a predetermined value, the combustion chamber is extinguished. Additionally, upon the temperature reaching the predetermined value, steam is introduced into the dryer system.

Abstract: A drying section of a paper making machine has a series of single tier drying groups, all with their respective felt belts arranged so that the drying cylinders are in contact with and dry one side of the web. The single tier groups are followed by one double tier drying group wherein the web passes such that the top side, then the bottom side, then the top side, then the bottom side, etc. of the web is in contact with successive drying cylinders arranged in two rows. Steam under pressure is supplied to all the drying cylinders. In the double tier group of drying cylinders, the steam pressure supplied to a first set of drying cylinders in sequence is higher than the steam pressure supplied to a second set of drying cylinders.