Abstract: A communication control device comprises: a determination unit configured to determine whether a target has approached a mobile object based on information detected by a sensor mounted on the mobile object; and a communication control unit configured to control a communication unit that calls a call center based on a determination result by the determination unit, wherein the communication control unit causes transmission, to the call center, of first information relating to information detected at the mobile object while making a call connection to the call center, which is started in response to a call.

Abstract: An acoustic distance measurement circuit includes a transmitter, a receiver, and a controller. The transmitter has an output adapted to be coupled to an acoustic transducer for providing a selected one of an amplitude-modulation (AM) signal in an AM mode and a chirp signal in a chirp mode. The receiver has an input adapted to be coupled to the acoustic transducer, and an output for providing a digital received signal. The controller is operative during a first measurement period to: place the transmitter into one of the AM mode and the chirp mode using a first channel, selectively detect a direct echo in the first channel of the digital received signal of the one of the AM signal and the chirp signal, and selectively detect an indirect echo in a second channel of the digital received signal of another one of the AM signal and the chirp signal.

Abstract: Systems and techniques are provided for monitoring an occupant located in an interior of a vehicle. The techniques include the detection an occupant in at least one image. Body points of the occupant are identified based on the at least one image, and a pose of the occupant is classified based on the detected body points. A recommendation for adapting the occupant's pose is provided based on the classified pose.

Abstract: A clock oscillator control circuit is provided. The clock oscillator control circuit includes a signal processor configured to receive a composite clock request signal and output an altered composite clock request signal. The clock oscillator control circuit also includes logic circuitry configured to receive the altered composite clock request signal from the signal processor and a clock oscillator valid signal from a clock oscillator, and to output set and reset signals based on the altered composite clock request signal and the clock oscillator valid signal. The clock oscillator control circuit further includes a set-reset latch configured to receive the set and reset signals from the logic circuitry and to output an enable signal to the clock oscillator.

Abstract: A vehicle off-guard monitoring system includes an automobile vehicle having multiple sensor inputs capturing sensor data representing hazards including garage fires, excessive water or flooding, rain, snow, and at least one person loitering proximate to the automobile vehicle. A database has multiple saved images of the hazards. A computer compares the multiple saved images to the sensor data captured by the multiple inputs to identify if at least one match exists between any one of the multiple saved images of the hazards and the sensor data and when the at least one match exists generating a predefined warning signal. A smart-phone application in communication with the computer and a remote system signals the predefined warning signal to a user of the automobile vehicle to mitigate against damage occurring to the automobile vehicle.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a communication device affixed to or placed within a transport container. The apparatus further includes processing circuitry configured to initiate display, via the communication device, of first routing information indicating a first destination along a geographic route from a first location to a second location and to, in response to a condition indicating movement of the container from the first location to an intermediate location, initiate display, via the at least one communication device, of second routing information indicating a second destination or a final destination that is different than the first destination.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for non-line-of-sight (NLOS) target detection. In an aspect, a source vehicle receives, from a roadside unit (RSU), a notification that the RSU is capable of repeating radar signals transmitted by the source vehicle in NLOS directions from the source vehicle, receives, from an active radar repeater associated with the RSU, radar signals for a radar beam sweep in at least one NLOS direction from the source vehicle, receives an angle of each beam of the radar beam sweep, and performs target object detection based on the radar signals for the at least one NLOS direction and the angle of each beam of the radar beam sweep. Example architectures for the active radar repeater are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for an improved method for performing Acoustic Wave Decomposition (AWD) processing that reduces a complexity and processing consumption. The improved method enables a device to perform AWD processing to decompose an observed sound field into directional components, enabling the device to perform additional processing such as sound source separation, dereverberation, sound source localization, sound field reconstruction, and/or the like. The improved method splits the solution to two phases: a search phase that selects a subset of a device dictionary to reduce a complexity, and a decomposition phase that solves an optimization problem using the subset of the device dictionary.

Abstract: A method of operating a radar sensor system for determining a number of passengers in a vehicle passenger compartment. The radar sensor system includes at least one radar transmitting antenna and at least one radar receiving antenna and an evaluation and control unit for evaluating Doppler information from the received radar waves. The method includes: transmitting radar waves towards the vehicle passenger compartment; receiving radar waves reflected by a passenger or by passengers being present in the vehicle passenger compartment; generating received radar signals from the received radar waves; mathematically decomposing the received radar signals into a plurality of received signal components; providing values of the received signal components regarding a characteristic parameter to a classifier trained with a plurality of scenarios; identifying one of trained scenarios, based on the provided values; and generating an output signal indicative of the identified scenario.

Abstract: A method includes receiving sensed signal data from at least one circuit based on a user in proximity to at least one electrode corresponding to the at least one circuit. Hover detection data indicating a detected hover in proximity to an interactable element of a vehicle is generated. Button feedback display data indicating the interactable element is generated based on the hover detection data. Display of the button feedback display data via a display device is facilitated.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide for a non-transitory machine-readable medium storing instructions to cause one or more processors to select a set of content items from a content item collection based upon a temporal relevance and a contextual relevance to a period of time, rank the set of content items based on at least one of a content item category or a content item predefined relevance score, partition the period of time into a set of time slots to schedule for rendering content in an application, rank the set of time slots based on device usage analysis for the period of time, and schedule the set of content items into the set of time slots in accordance with the rankings.

Abstract: A computing device includes signal generation circuitry and also includes a location on the computing device that is operative to couple a signal generated by the signal generation circuitry into a user. For example, the computing device includes signal generation circuitry that generates a signal that includes information corresponding to a user and/or an application that is operative within the computing device. The signal generation circuitry couples the signal into the user from a location on the computing device based on a bodily portion of the user being in contact with or within sufficient proximity to the location on the computing device that facilitates coupling of the signal into the user. Also, the signal may be coupled via the user to another computing device that includes a touchscreen display that is operative to detect and receive the signal.

Abstract: An environmental state analysis method includes obtaining key data that affects an environmental state of a designated place, and determining a degree of influence of the key data on the environmental state of the designated place according to the key data by using an analysis model. The key data includes one or more of environmental protection data, pollution source data, and environmental monitoring data. The environmental state includes one or more of a diffusion speed of harmful gas and a concentration of dust in the air.

Abstract: A set top box receives from a remote control device one or more of a codeset identifier, data indicative of a brand and model for a consumer electronic device, and remote control diagnostic information. The set top box then causes information representative of the received codeset identifier, data indicative of a brand and model for a consumer electronic device, and remote control diagnostic information to be displayed in a display device associated with the set top box.

Abstract: A system and methods for estimating the location of a mobile device are disclosed. In accordance with one embodiment, a mobile device located within a first corridor of a building receives (1) a first wireless electromagnetic signal and a first ultrasound signal from a first beacon located in the first corridor, (2) a second wireless electromagnetic signal and a second ultrasound signal from a second beacon located in the first corridor, and (3) a third wireless electromagnetic signal from a third beacon located in a second corridor of the building. The first wireless electromagnetic signal, the first ultrasound signal, the second wireless electromagnetic signal, and the second ultrasound signal are used to estimate a location of the mobile device.

Abstract: An engine model construction method includes generating test patterns in which a plurality of manipulated variables used for an engine test are changed with time, correcting the test patterns based on first coverage of a first space of manipulated variables are allowed to take and second coverage of a second space of change rate values of the manipulated variables are allowed to take, acquiring pieces of time series data of operation amounts of the manipulated variables and controlled amounts with respect to the manipulated variables by performing an engine test using the corrected test patterns, and constructing a first engine model by performing machine learning on training data in which the corrected test patterns are adopted as input and the pieces of time series data are adopted as correct answers, by a processor.

Abstract: An automated, dynamic digital financial management tool is described herein. The financial management tool enables a user to access all forms of payments, debt and transactions to be deducted automatically depending on which form of payment is chosen. The financial management tool documents every item/service purchased. The documentation enables a company/manufacturer/store to provide marketing and recall information to the user. The financial management tool is able to include any and/or all financial aspects of a user's life. The financial management tool is able to be implemented using a universal card. The financial management tool is able to include a pay station to receive payments. The financial management tool is able to include automated services.

Abstract: A clock oscillator control circuit is provided. The clock oscillator control circuit includes a signal processor configured to receive a composite clock request signal and output a altered composite clock request signal. The clock oscillator control circuit also includes logic circuitry configured to receive the altered composite clock request signal from the signal processor and a clock oscillator valid signal from a clock oscillator, and to output set and reset signals based on the altered composite clock request signal and the clock oscillator valid signal. The clock oscillator control circuit further includes a set-reset latch configured to receive the set and reset signals from the logic circuitry and to output an enable signal to the clock oscillator.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and an apparatus for adjusting on-vehicle projection, a device, and a storage medium. The method includes the following features. A face image of the driver captured by the on-vehicle imager is obtained. A projection position of an on-vehicle projection device is determined based on the face image of the driver, a parameter of the on-vehicle imager and an installation position of the on-vehicle projection device.

Abstract: A hardware processor can generate an artificial intelligence neural network that is predictive of performance. The hardware processor can process the artificial intelligence neural network to determining whether a validity value for the artificial intelligence neural network meets a validity threshold. A predictive bias can be computed for the artificial neural network based on non-factored inputs. Nodes of the artificial neural network can be scored to compute an effect on the predictive bias. Another artificial intelligence neural network predictive of performance can be generated excluding a combination of parameters associated with a highest scored node of the artificial intelligence neural network.

Abstract: A method, computer system, and computer program product for human relationship-aware augmented display are provided. The embodiment may include identifying one or more potential viewers utilizing real-time sensor data. The embodiment may also include extracting relationship information related to relationships among each identified viewer and one or more companions based on a plurality of data from a plurality of databases. The embodiment may further include creating a relationship graph based on the extracted relationship information. The embodiment may also include determining a relationship model based on the created relationship graph. The embodiment may further include mapping the determined relationship model to content. The embodiment may also include augmenting display systems with the content. The embodiment may further include displaying the augmented content on one or more display systems.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to systems and methods for utilizing Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) sensors to facilitate loading and unloading of assets into receptacles. The LIDAR sensors may be configured to detect the location of various surfaces (e.g., asset surfaces) within a receptacle such that mapping data indicative of the location of the detected surfaces may be generated. This mapping data may facilitate a determination of a total volume of unoccupied space within the receptacle and/or the identification of an unoccupied volume sufficient to accommodate an item having defined dimensions. The mapping data may additionally be indicative of the location of asset identifiers disposed on one or more detected surfaces to facilitate locating a particular asset associated with a provided asset identifier.

Abstract: A system for detecting malicious hardware on a data communication network, such as a vehicle CAN bus, is provided. The system includes a teleprocessing device, an AC signal generating device, and an impedance measuring device. In a preliminary step, a set of impedance measurements of N reference AC signals is formed, and a threshold value is set. The signal generating device injects a set of N AC signals into the network bus and the bus impedance for each of the N frequencies is measured, where a set of impedance values of N RT-signals is formed. Then, each of the impedance values of the RT-signals and the impedance values of the respective reference AC signal are statistically compared, to thereby form a set of N comparison-results. Upon determining that any of the impedance values of the RT-signals is greater than the threshold, an alert is activated.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises processing circuitry to: receive wireless signal data corresponding to an RFID tag, wherein the wireless signal data comprises signal strength data and signal phase data corresponding to wireless signals transmitted by the RFID tag and received by an RFID reader; generate decomposed signal strength data based on a seasonal decomposition of the signal strength data; generate a frequency-phase curve based on the signal phase data; extract a set of signal strength features based on the decomposed signal strength data; extract a set of signal phase features based on the frequency-phase curve; and detect a motion state of the RFID tag using a machine learning classifier, wherein the machine learning classifier is trained to detect the motion state based on the set of signal strength features and the set of signal phase features.

Abstract: A system and method for pre-trip inspection of a tractor trailer are provided. The system includes a communications gateway configured for electronic communication with a vehicle control system of the tractor-trailer and a computing device configured for communication with the vehicle control system through the communications gateway. The device is configured to display an instruction to a user to perform a task of the pre-trip inspection and receive an input associated with the task from the user. The input is indicative of an operating characteristic of the tractor-trailer. The device may be further configured to determine whether the operating characteristic meets a predetermined condition. The device is further configured to transmit an instruction to the vehicle control system through the communications gateway when the operating characteristic does not meet the predetermined condition. The instruction establishes a restriction on operation of the tractor-trailer.

Abstract: An off-road vehicle that travels on the off-road ground includes: a sensor group configured to detect unevenness of the ground; a camera configured to capture the unevenness of the ground; a ground unevenness degree calculation unit configured to calculate a ground unevenness degree indicating an unevenness degree of the ground based on an input parameter; an input parameter setting unit configured to set, as the input parameter, data selected from among data detected by the sensor group and image data captured by the camera; an unevenness-position data generation unit configured to associate the actual vehicle position with the ground unevenness degree to generate ground unevenness-position data; and a data storage unit configured to store the ground unevenness-position data.

Abstract: A method for determining a wireless communication network realization in a plant where a process control system is provided includes receiving a user selection of wireless end point devices and locations of these in the plant, each being provided as at least one of a pair of endpoint devices that are to communicate with each other in relation to an automation function of the process control system, obtaining data communication requirements of the wireless endpoint devices, which are related to the automation functions and include at least one signal sent between a pair of endpoint devices and a time within which it has to reach its destination, and determining a number of wireless relay devices related to the locations of wireless endpoint devices in the plant for achieving a defined degree of radio coverage sufficient to satisfy the data communication requirements.

Abstract: An imaging sensor determines an influence of artificial light from one or more artificial light sources and an influence of natural light in an area associated with a lighting system. On the basis of the influence of the natural light and the influence of the artificial light, the imaging sensor determines the location of the one or more artificial light sources with respect to the location of the imaging sensor. Further, the imaging sensor allocates a portion of the area as an area of influence of the imaging sensor based on a threshold change in luminescence of the area associated with switching on or switching off of the one or more artificial light sources. Responsively, the imaging sensor associates at least one artificial light source of the one or more light sources and occupancy sensors corresponding to the at least one artificial light source with the allocated area of influence.

Abstract: A method for enhancing quality of media transmitted via network uses an AI enhancing model built-in the client device to enhance the quality of video streams received from network. The AI enhance module is pre-trained by using a neural network in the server to analyze differences between the decoded images and the raw images that are generated by the server. Wherein, the AI enhance module enhances decoded images by using algorithms which are defined by analyzing differences between the decoded images and the raw images that are generated by the server. Such that, the enhanced images are visually more similar to the raw images than the decoded images do.

Abstract: A lighting control apparatus for producing control signals or cues for controlling operating parameter of one or more controlled lighting devices, including a learning machine configured for performing: a supervised learning phase, wherein, as a function of a first set of audio and/or video files coupled with a first set of control signals, the machine produces mapping rules between the audio and/or video files and the control signals of these first sets; an unsupervised learning phase wherein the machine receives a second set of audio and/or video files and produces, from the second set of audio and/or video files, a second set of control signals as a function of the mapping rules. The learning machine may be configured to carry out a reinforced learning phase with the production of an evaluation ranking of the mapping rules and the possible elimination of mapping rules.

Abstract: A set top box receives from a remote control device one or more of a codeset identifier, data indicative of a brand and model for a consumer electronic device, and remote control diagnostic information. The set top box then causes information representative of the received codeset identifier, data indicative of a brand and model for a consumer electronic device, and remote control diagnostic information to be displayed in a display device associated with the set top box.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly module (20) for a motor vehicle (1), comprising an optical sensor system (30) which can be used a) to monitor a detection area (150) on the outside of the motor vehicle (1) in order to determine the proximity of a user (10), b) to measure the distance to the user (10) within the detection area (150) and c) to release a signal for carrying out an action on the motor vehicle (1) in the event a user (10) is detected in a predefined actuation area (180) within the detection area (150).

Abstract: The invention relates to an emblem (80) for a motor vehicle (1), comprising an optical sensor system (30) which is suitable for a) monitoring a detection region (21) lying outside of the motor vehicle (1), b) triggering a signal for starting an authentication check between an ID transmitter (13) and the motor vehicle (1) in the event that a user (10) is detected in the detection region (21), c) monitoring an actuation region (22) which lies outside of the motor vehicle (1) and which differs from the detection region (21), and d) providing an operating signal for the motor vehicle (1) in the event that a user (10) is detected in the actuation region (22).

Abstract: A positioning apparatus includes: a reference device configured to provide a measured current motion angle of a vehicle; an inertial sensor configured to provide a current input angular rate of the vehicle and associated with at least one inertial sensor behavior parameter dependent on inertial sensor temperature; a temperature sensor configured to provide an input temperature variation of the inertial sensor on a time interval; and a digital estimator configured to recursively computing an estimated current motion angle of the vehicle and at least one previously estimated inertial sensor behavior parameter as function of: the measured current motion angle, a previously estimated motion angle, the current input angular rate, and the input temperature variation.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus including: a sound wave sensor that outputs a sound wave and receives a reflected wave of the output sound wave; a control unit configured to measure an amplitude of a sound wave, at predetermined time intervals, which is received by the sound wave sensor after the sound wave sensor outputs a sound wave; and a power control unit configured to shift the information processing apparatus from a first power state into a second power state where power consumption is larger than that in the first power state, on a basis that the amplitude of the sound wave measured by the control unit is larger than or equal to a threshold value, wherein in a case where a number of times amplitude of a sound wave measured by the control unit is larger than or equal to the threshold value during a predetermined period of time is larger than or equal to a predetermined number of times, the control unit maintains the power state of the information processing apparatus in the first power state.

Abstract: A stereo camera apparatus, and a vehicle provided with a stereo camera apparatus, can detect an object targeted for detection in a wider spatial range, calculate the distance to a subject with high accuracy, and perform object detection with high accuracy. The stereo camera apparatus includes a first imaging unit configured to image a first area as a first image, a second imaging unit that images a second area as a second image, the second area being partially shifted from the first area in a direction differing from a direction along the baseline length, and a controller that calculates the distance to a subject using an overlapping region between the first image and the second image.

Abstract: A time-reversal positioning system includes a storage storing first data representing channel impulse responses derived from probe signals sent from a plurality of positions and second data representing coordinates of the positions. A data processor determines a position of a terminal device based on the stored channel impulse responses and a time-reversed signal determined based on a time-reversed version of a channel impulse response that is estimated based on a channel probing signal sent from the terminal device.

Abstract: Configurations and methods of wireless power transmission for charging or powering one or more electronic sensors or devices within a vehicle are disclosed. Wireless power transmission for powering or charging one or more electronic sensors or devices within a vehicle may include a transmitter capable of emitting RF waves for the generation of pockets of energy; and one or more electronic sensors or electronic devices operatively coupled or otherwise embedded with one or more receivers that may utilize these pockets of energy for charging or powering. Such sensors or electronic devices may range from tire pressure gauges, security alarm sensors, rear window defrosters to audio speakers.

Abstract: An infrared (IR) learning device is disclosed. A hardware device of the IR learning device amplifies, shapes, and samples an IR signal to acquire a better digital signal related to the IR signal. A software device of the IR learning device calculates the waveform of the IR signal and the frequency of a carrier wave of the IR signal according to the digital signal related to the IR signal. Accordingly, the IR learning device can learn the IR signal emitted from an external device by the hardware device and the software device.

Abstract: An imaging sensor determines an influence of artificial light from one or more artificial light sources and an influence of natural light in an area associated with a lighting system. On the basis of the influence of the natural light and the influence of the artificial light, the imaging sensor determines the location of the one or more artificial light sources with respect to the location of the imaging sensor. Further, the imaging sensor allocates a portion of the area as an area of influence of the imaging sensor based on a threshold change in luminescence of the area associated with switching on or switching off of the one or more artificial light sources. Responsively, the imaging sensor associates at least one artificial light source of the one or more light sources and occupancy sensors corresponding to the at least one artificial light source with the allocated area of influence.

Abstract: A system and method are provided to document the condition of a motor vehicle with an image generation device coupled to a control device of the motor vehicle via a data link. An image generation signal is initiated, which is present both at the control device of the motor vehicle and at the image generation device. The image generation signal triggers the generation of an image of the motor vehicle by the image generation device and triggers the generation of a data stamp at the control device. The data stamp is linked to the image.

Abstract: A display screen of a display apparatus of an image display system includes a one-way mirror on a front side of the display screen. In an image processing apparatus, an image signal input obtains a captured image signal representing a captured image captured by a camera that captures an image of surroundings of the vehicle; an image generator that generates the display image from the captured image signal; an image output that outputs the display image to the display apparatus to cause the display image to be displayed on the display screen of the display apparatus; and a processor that controls the image generator to cause a partial region of the display image to be a black image so that a portion of the display screen at which the black image is displayed functions as a mirror.

Abstract: Provided are devices and methods for rating video scenes from a sporting event. In one example, the method includes receiving data of a plurality of rated sports scenes, normalizing the data of the plurality of rated sports scenes into a plurality of data points, and forming at least two rating groups of data points in dimensional space, normalizing an unrated sports scene into a data point, determining a rating for the unrated scene by comparing the data point of the unrated scene to the at least two rating groups of data points, and outputting information about the determination to a display of a user device. According to various embodiments, the device and method may learn from a few plays manually rated by a coach and apply the coach's learned philosophy automatically to a plurality of unrated plays.

Abstract: The invention relates to an assembly module (20) for a motor vehicle (1), comprising an optical sensor system (30) which is suitable for: a) monitoring a detection region (150) lying outside of the motor vehicle (1) in order to determine the proximity of a user (10), b) in the event of a detection of the user (10) in the detection region (150), monitoring an activation region (160) arranged within the detection region (150) in order to determine whether the user (10) is located within the activation region (160), and c) in the event of a detection of the user (10) in the activation region (160), triggering a signal for the execution of an action at the motor vehicle (1).

Abstract: In a vehicle display device including a HUD that displays a virtual image on a front field of a view of a driver and a viewpoint detecting camera that captures an image of the driver, a measuring camera is capable of capturing the virtual image. A calibration pattern is at a predetermined position with respect to a viewing angle of the virtual image and angles of view of the viewpoint detecting and measuring cameras. The calibration pattern is captured by the viewpoint detecting and measuring cameras, and the virtual image is captured by the measuring camera. The relative position and orientation between the viewpoint detecting camera and HUD are calculated as orientation information using an image captured by the viewpoint detecting camera and an image captured by the measuring camera. In addition, the position of the virtual image displayed by the HUD is adjusted using the calculated orientation information.

Abstract: Methods and systems for logging driving information associated with a vehicle when driven are disclosed. In one aspect, a mobile telecommunications device is provided that is adapted for installation to a vehicle and configured to log driving information associated with the vehicle when driven. The mobile device is arranged to register the start of a driving period during which the mobile device is installed to the vehicle and the vehicle is being driven by a driver. The mobile device is also arranged to process sensor data during the driving period to derive driving information associated with how the vehicle is driven. The mobile device is also arranged to store a selection of the driving information to a memory.

Abstract: A remote control device communicates remote control discovery information to a receiver. The remote control device is used to control a particular electronic consumer device. The remote control discovery information may, for example, include: a codeset identifier that identifies a codeset stored in the remote control device, device information, diagnostic information, and/or marketing information. The device information may include a device description, and/or device characteristics information that correspond to the electronic consumer device. In one example, the receiver is a set-top box that is connected to a central database through a network. The remote control discovery information may be used to identify the remote control device and the corresponding electronic consumer device. In addition, the remote control discovery information may also be used for diagnostic and marketing purposes.

Abstract: A health monitoring system for monitoring a vehicle and a method for operating the same are provided. The system, for example, may include, but is not limited to, at least one sensor configured to collect data corresponding to the vehicle, an interface system, a memory, and a processor communicatively coupled to the at least one sensor, the interface system and the memory, the processor configured to: determine when the vehicle is experiencing an anomaly, collect, from the interface system, data corresponding to the anomaly from a user of the vehicle, and associate, the data collected from the interface system and the data collected from the at least one sensor.

Abstract: A vehicle system includes a communication interface and a processing device. The communication interface is programmed to pair with at least one mobile device. The processing device is programmed to receive a data file, which includes occupant information, sent from the mobile device. The processing device is further programmed to update at least one vehicle setting based on the occupant information.

Abstract: Systems for detecting a successful field goal are described herein. More specifically, the systems are directed at automated detection for a field goal attempt. The systems evaluate whether the football was kicked within the designated area (e.g., above the cross bar and between the two upright poles). The detection is performed through the use of cameras, lasers and detectors associated with the field goal post. In this way, the systems assist referees in determining the success of the field goal attempt.