Abstract: A personalized and intrinsically valuable jewelry form factor or greeting card that includes electronic functionality. In an embodiment, one form factor is metallic, rectangular device with overall thickness of 3 mm that is credit-card sized. Embedded inside the form factor are electronic components giving rise to its functionality such as processing, data storage, messaging display, user input, wireless charging facilities, battery compactly disposed inside of a 2 mm cavity. Further, the form factor provides strength with a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and made of titanium, or the like.

Abstract: A secure, integrated data system and method users both blockchain and Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technologies to achieve information provenance for data, particularly, mobile health device data. Using a blockchain to record and enforce data access policies removes the need to trust a single entity with gatekeeping the health data. Instead, participants form a consortium and collectively partake in verifying and enforcing access policies for data stored in private data silos. Data access and computation takes place inside of TEEs, which preserves data confidentiality and provides a verifiable attestation that can be stored on the blockchain for the purpose of information provenance.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes devices, systems, and methods that can be used to collect sensor data from, for instance, a sensor device that has been embedded in an article of apparel. The sensor device can be used, for instance, to monitor the athletic activity of an individual wearing the apparel into which the electronic device has been embedded. Embodiments of the sensor device include a memory, a wireless interface, and one or more processor. With these elements, the sensor device may receive instructions indicating what sensor data to collect, collect the sensor data, store the sensor data, and transmit the stored sensor data to the remote device upon completion of the activity.

Abstract: A water management system having an integrated independent power supply that is configured to be operably coupled to a water meter wherein the invention is operable to provide continuous monitoring of water flow into a structure by measuring magnetic field data generated by a water meter. The invention includes a first sensor assembly and a second sensor assembly that are configured to be operably coupled to a water meter. The second sensor assembly facilitates the ability to capture data from single or compound water meter. The first sensor assembly includes a magnetometer operable to measure a magnetic field produced by a rotating magnet in the water meter. The magnetic field data is converted into a square wave which is wirelessly transmitted to an external computing device. The second sensor assembly functions identically as the first sensor assembly wherein the data therefrom is transmitted to the first sensor assembly for transmission.

Abstract: An illustrative hearing system may be configured to receive, from an inertial sensor included in a hearing device configured to be worn by a user, inertial sensor data representative of at least one of motion of the hearing device or orientation of the hearing device. The hearing system may further be configured to determine, based on the inertial sensor data, an activity state of the user and to determine, based on the activity state, a cardiorespiratory quality index representative of a quality level of a measurement of a cardiorespiratory property of the user.

Abstract: A smart hose system includes a hose and a clamp monitor secured to the hose and in proximity to a portion of the hose at which a clamp is to be secured. The clamp monitor is configured to responsively interact with the clamp and includes a signal generator configured to provide a first response to an inquiry signal with the clamp being in a first state and provide a second response with the clamp being in a second state.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a catenary icing detection method based on infrared imaging and meteorological monitoring. In the disclosure, infrared illumination is used to detect the target, real-time images of the target are obtained through an infrared imaging sensor, and meteorological data are synchronously obtained through a meteorological monitoring unit, and normalized fusion processing is performed; the data are stored in a front-end edge computing unit, and through the deep learning model, the states of water accumulation, snow accumulation and icing of the target are automatically identified, and then sent to a background system through a transmission unit.

Abstract: A wearable electronic device (e.g., an electronic watch) may detect and analyze one or more sensing signals corresponding to light detected by the device to determine whether the device is in a sensing state (e.g., the device is within a maximum sensing distance of a user). If the wearable electronic device is in the sensing state, the device may determine one or more physiological parameters from the same signals used to determine whether the device is in the sensing state.

Abstract: In the present invention a control device and a safety device establish a connection in accordance with a result of a comparison of connection setting information stored in the control device and setting identification information stored in the safety device. A support device is provided with a processor for executing a support program for assisting in setting the control device. A support program includes a first command for acquiring the setting identification information from the safety device and a second command for setting, in the connection setting information corresponding to the safety device, the setting identification information acquired in response to execution of the first command. Thus, the required identification information can easily be set even when a plurality of safety devices are connected to the same network.

Abstract: A lighting control system (1) comprising at least one lighting module (2) and a controller (3), the controller (3) being configured to cause the at least one lighting module to create a lighting scene for a lighting calendar event, the controller (3) further being configured to obtain first data by data mining social media content relating to the lighting calendar event, determine first lighting attributes from the first data, based on the first lighting attributes, control the at least one lighting module to generate at least one lighting scene and apply the at least one lighting scene for the lighting calendar event, obtain second data by data mining social media content relating to the applied at least one lighting scene, determine second lighting attributes from the second data, and based on the second lighting attributes control the at least one lighting module to generate at least one updated lighting scene and apply the at least one updated lighting scene for the lighting calendar event.

Abstract: Inter-alia, a method is disclosed comprising: receiving measurement indications from a plurality of devices, wherein a respective measurement indication of the measurement indications is indicative of a respective measurement that has been performed by a respective device of the plurality of devices, and wherein the respective measurement indication is received via a pre-configured communication resource that is associated with a measurement value and/or measurement range to which the respective measurement corresponds. It is further disclosed an according apparatus, computer program and system.

Abstract: A wearable article, system, and methods may include a structure configured to enclose a human body part. A first antenna, positioned with respect to the structure, is tuned to communicate, while the wearable article is being worn, according to a first wireless communication modality with a first external antenna. A second antenna, positioned with respect to the structure, is tuned to communicate according to a second wireless communication modality with a second external antenna different than the first external antenna, the second communication modality being different than the first communication modality. A transceiver, coupled to at least one of the first antenna and the second antenna, is configured to communicate via one of the first and second antennas based, at least in part, on the one of the first and second antennas coming into wireless communication contact with a corresponding one of the first and second external antennas.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods are provided for activity detections based on device orientation and user handedness. A method may include determining, by a wearable device, first and second accelerometer data, the first accelerometer data associated with a first axis, and the second accelerometer data associated with a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The method may include determining a first mean acceleration value based on the first accelerometer data, and determining a second mean acceleration value based on the second accelerometer data. The method may include determining, based on the first mean acceleration value and the second mean acceleration value, an orientation of the wearable device, the orientation indicative of a user wearing the wearable device on a right limb or a left limb. The method may include sending an indication of the orientation to an application of the wearable device.

Abstract: A drain plug for a component of a vehicle includes: a plug body having a stem portion configured to plug a corresponding hole in the component of the vehicle, and a sensor module. The sensor module includes a sensor and a wireless transmitter configured to transmit data regarding a reading from the at least one sensor. The sensor includes at least one of a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an accelerometer. A system for wireless monitoring a component of a vehicle includes: a plug body having a stem portion configured to plug a corresponding hole in the component of the vehicle, and a sensor module having at least one sensor and a wireless transmitter configured to transmit data regarding a reading from the at least one sensor. The system also includes a receiver located on the vehicle and configured to receive the data from the wireless transmitter.

Abstract: A method and method to detect vegetation growth into a wireless signal path. Signal strength indicators for a signal that is transmitted from a transmitter at a second location are received from a receiver at a first location. The signal strength indicators are determined to be consistent with a progression of a decrease in received signal strength corresponding to a growth of vegetation growing into a wireless signal path between the first location and the second location. A recent signal strength indicator is determined to be below a threshold from a baseline received signal strength, and a notification of likely vegetation encroachment into the wireless signal path is provided based on the recent signal strength indicator being below the threshold and determining that the signal strength indicators are consistent with a progression of a decrease in signal strength corresponding to a growth of vegetation.

Abstract: An information transmission system for at least one commercial vehicle includes at least one information sending module, at least one repeating module and at least one receiving module. The information sending module is configured and arranged to send signals defining a message to the repeating module. The repeating module is configured and arranged to enhance the signals and forward the signals to the receiving module. A commercial vehicle and a commercial vehicle combination utilize the information transmission system.

Abstract: An arrangement is disclosed for measuring an environment parameter at a rotor of a rotary machine; according to some embodiments, the parameter to be measured is temperature and the machine to monitor is a turbomachine. The arrangement includes at least: a SAW or BAW device electrically coupled with an antenna, a parameter-sensitive impedance device, and two identical cables electrically coupling the SAW or BAW device respectively with the impedance device and a short-circuit or an open-circuit or a matching impedance device. The SAW or BAW device is located in a first zone of the rotor, while the parameter-sensitive impedance device is located in a second zone of the rotor remote from the first zone of the rotor. An interrogator can obtain environment parameter values by sending RF signals to the SAW or BAW device through the antenna.

Abstract: A method of operating a cable handling system of a longwall mining machine having a shearer movable along a pan line to mine material along a mine face, the cable handling system including: i) a service line configured to carry one or more supply lines to the shearer for facilitating shearer operation, ii) a plurality of interconnected trays to accommodate the service line, iii) a plurality of sensor nodes distributed along a length of the service line, and iv) a plurality of transceivers distributed along a length of the pan line, the method comprising: a) sensing orientation, acceleration and/or position data of the service line using the plurality of sensor nodes, b) using the plurality of transceivers to receive the orientation, acceleration and/or position data from the plurality of sensor nodes and to transmit the orientation, acceleration and/or position data to a controller, and c) detecting, by the controller, an actual or imminent failure mode of the service line using analysis of the orientatio

Abstract: A communication terminal includes a memory in which identification information associated with a user is stored, a controller that carries out authentication of the user, and a communication interface that transmits a signal including the identification information. When user authentication is successful, the controller sets the communication terminal to a first state in which the signal is transmitted to an external apparatus, and when user authentication is not successful, the controller sets the communication terminal to a second state in which the signal is not transmitted to the external apparatus.

Abstract: A server rack includes: a rack cabinet equipped with a door; information processing devices installed inside the rack cabinet in accordance with rack mount specifications; collection devices configured to collect environmental status information inside the rack cabinet; a temperature control device configured to control environmental conditions inside the rack cabinet; a network device configured to establish a communication environment between the plurality of information processing devices; a microcomputer configured to exchange data with the information processing devices, to receive operating status information and environmental status information from the temperature control device and the collection devices, and to control the operations of the information processing devices and the temperature control device according to input information; and an input/output device configured to display content corresponding to the output information of the microcomputer, and to generate the input information accordin

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for optimizing resource operations within an energy network. The systems and methods can include retrieving historical interval meter data, profile data, and a curtailment plan, determining, using the historical interval meter data, estimated annual deviation of a customer's load based on average interval load divided by peak load over a given period, calculating a load curtailment for the customer based on the historical interval meter data, the profile data, the curtailment plan, and the estimated annual deviation of the customer's load, and building a report, using the load curtailment, indicating a resource commitment capability for the customer to help inform market participation and operational decision making for load curtailment and distributed energy resources (DER).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an Industrial Internet of Things for implementing a production task plan, including at least one user platform, a service platform, a management platform, a sensor network platform, and one or more object platforms that are interacted sequentially from top to bottom; the service platform is arranged in an independent layout, the management platform is arranged in a front sub platform layout, and the sensor network platform is arranged in a rear sub platform layout; the one or more object platforms are configured as one or more intelligent manufacturing devices or one or more manufacturing management devices.

Abstract: A system and method for data collection and aggregation using a distributed network of communications enabled sensors connected to another primary network to achieve a secondary out-of-band monitoring perspective, for example, in power grids. The data collection system includes an aggregation and processing server configured to collect data from a variety of sensors adjacent to the monitored network each sensor includes secondary power such that it can continue data transmission even during power grid outages. The data collection system includes a method for secure real-time data ingest, machine learning enabled analysis, risk assessment, and anomaly detection on a broad geographic scale irrespective of isolated network boundaries.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided switch circuitry (1) for controlling power supplied to a fluid monitoring unit (4). The switch circuitry (1) comprises: a sensor (2) configured to detect fluid derived from the skin of a user and to generate a detection signal in response to detection of fluid; and a controller (3) configured to receive the detection signal, to generate a wake-up signal in accordance with the detection signal, and to supply the wake-up signal to a switch (6) controlling the power supply to the fluid monitoring unit (4) so as to activate the switch (6) and wake the fluid monitoring unit (4), wherein, optionally, the fluid is sweat. According to another aspect, there is provided method of controlling power to a fluid monitoring unit.

Abstract: A fall detection system includes first sensing devices, second sensing devices, positioning modules, a data server and a display device. The first sensing device is configured to detect a posture of a body part of a user for obtaining body part posture data. The positioning modules are configured to detect positions of the first and second sensing devices, so as to obtain corresponding body part position data. Each of the second sensing devices is disposed on a shoe to detect a posture of a user's feet and to measure a distance from an ambient object for obtaining feet posture data and distance measurement data. The data server is configured to receive the body part posture data, the body part position data, the feet posture data and the distance measurement data to determine if the user falls down.

Abstract: A method for managing power during communication with an implantable medical device, including establishing a communications link, utilizing a power corresponding to a session start power, to initiate a current session between an implantable medical device (IMD) and external device. A telemetry break condition of the communications link is monitored during the current session. The power utilized by the IMD is adjusted between low and high power levels, during the current session based on the telemetry break condition. The number of sessions is counted, including the current session and one or more prior sessions, in which the IMD utilized the higher power level, and a level for the session start power to be utilized to initiate a next session following the current session is adaptively learned based on the counting of the number of sessions.

Abstract: A sensor including electrodes, a control module and a physical layer module. The electrodes are configured to (i) attach to a patient, and (ii) receive a first electromyographic signal from the patient. The control module is connected to the electrodes. The control module is configured to (i) detect the first electromyographic signal, and (ii) generate a first voltage signal. The physical layer module is configured to: receive a payload request from a console interface module or a nerve integrity monitoring device; and based on the payload request, (i) upconvert the first voltage signal to a first radio frequency signal, and (ii) wirelessly transmit the first radio frequency signal from the sensor to the console interface module or the nerve integrity monitoring device.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of dynamically generating a charger map for electric vehicle (EV) charger locations. The method includes providing one or more parameters for a plurality of target areas to a machine learning (ML) model. The ML model is iteratively trained to identify relationships between the parameters using historical data corresponding to the plurality of target areas. One or more target parameters for a user-specific target area are received along with one or more user-specific weights representing one or more prioritized charging features associated with the user-specific target area. A charger map is generated via the trained ML model for the user-specific target area including one or more locations for EV chargers within the user-specific target area. The charger map is optimized relative to the one or more prioritized charging features.

Abstract: A robot device includes a first link and a second link coupled to the first link via an elbow. One or more of the first link or the second link rotates about an axis of the elbow. The robot device further includes a generator disposed in the elbow. The generator is configured to generate electrical power based on relative angular mechanical movement associated with the elbow. The robot device further includes an end effector configured to transport a substrate within a substrate processing system. The end effector is disposed at a distal end of the second link. The end effector is to receive the electrical power generated by the generator.

Abstract: A wearing prompt method for a wearable device and an apparatus, and related to the field of communications technologies, to reduce a probability that the wearable device cannot accurately measure physiological parameters of a user, thereby improving accuracy of measuring the physiological parameters of the user. The method includes: obtaining, by the wearable device, a target PPG (photo plethysmo graph) signal; and prompting, by the wearable device when the target PPG signal is inconsistent with a stored reference wearing parameter, a user to adjust a wearing position of the wearable device and to adjust tightness of wearing the wearable device.

Abstract: A power pedal is provided, including: a shaft, including a first end configured to be assembled to a bicycle crank, a second end and a connection section connected between the first end and the second end, the connection section including a strain sensing module; a pedal body, connected to the second end; a power sensor, including a processing module and a shell member, the processing module being disposed on an outer circumferential wall of the connection section, the processing module including a processing unit and a wireless transmission unit electrically connected to each other, the processing unit being electrically connected to the strain sensing module, the shell member being disposed on the connection section and encompassing the processing module, the shell member including a receiving room, the receiving room being configured to receive a battery which is replaceable and electrically connected to the processing unit.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described herein for generating vehicle profiles for detected vehicles based on engine sound recordings. Based on those vehicle profiles, an enterprise is enabled to generate a user profile for customers. To generate the vehicle profile, a vehicle profiling system may be used. The vehicle profiling system may receive sound data with range information. The vehicle profiling system may input the sound data into a trained machine learning model and receive vehicle model information for the sound data. Based on the output, the profiling system may retrieve metadata associated with the vehicle model and generate a profile based on the metadata.

Abstract: A production system, including an engineering device configured to set a higher-level control device capable of controlling a control device configured to control one or more industrial machines, wherein the engineering device is configured to: display a name of each of a plurality of variables stored in the higher-level control device; receive specification of a variable to be subjected to at least one of collection or rewriting from among the plurality of variables; and perform setting of the at least one of the collection or rewriting of the specified variable.

Abstract: An exercise information acquisition equipment of the present invention is an electronic equipment which builds therein a battery, is driven with electric power of the battery and acquires information relating to an exercise that a user performs and includes a battery remaining amount acquisition device which acquires a battery remaining amount of the battery, a time information acquisition device which acquires information relating to a time taken for the exercise which is information that how long the user plans to perform the exercise and an electric power control device which controls an operation pertaining to a power consumption reduction of the electronic equipment on the basis of the battery remaining amount and the information relating to the time taken for the exercise.

Abstract: A set of load responses of an asset for a sample of traffic loading events caused by objects of unknown weight is measured. At least one statistical parameter is determined from the set of load responses. A corresponding statistical parameter of known object weights loading the asset is determined. An object weight is assigned to a load response of the set of load responses based on correlation of the extracted statistical parameter to the corresponding statistical parameter.

Abstract: A wearable article, system, and methods may include a structure configured to enclose a human body part. A first antenna, positioned with respect to the structure, is tuned to communicate, while the wearable article is being worn, according to a first wireless communication modality with a first external antenna. A second antenna, positioned with respect to the structure, is tuned to communicate according to a second wireless communication modality with a second external antenna different than the first external antenna, the second communication modality being different than the first communication modality. A transceiver, coupled to at least one of the first antenna and the second antenna, is configured to communicate via one of the first and second antennas based, at least in part, on the one of the first and second antennas coming into wireless communication contact with a corresponding one of the first and second external antennas.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a monitoring method, a monitoring device and a monitoring server. The monitoring method includes: acquiring physical sign information of a user; determining whether a physical sign of the user is in an abnormal state based on the physical sign information; acquiring first physical symptom information of the user in response to the physical sign of the user being in the abnormal state; and transmitting the physical sign information and the first physical symptom information to a monitoring server to determine a health status of the user.

Abstract: In some implementations, a wireless sensing system may receive sensor data associated with an asset. The sensor data may be associated with a tampering event and the tampering event may include an action performed on the asset. The wireless sensing system may further determine whether the tampering event is performed by an authorized user of the wireless sensing system. The wireless sensing system may further determine whether the tampering event is performed within an authorized location of the wireless sensing system. The wireless sensing system may transmit a notification to a user of the wireless sensing system. The notification may alert the user of the wireless sensing system that the tampering event has occurred.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for monitoring icing of a transmission line and preventing a tower from falling down, including a power transmission tower, an insulator string and a connecting mechanism; the connecting mechanism includes two connecting plates, and a monitoring-control connector and a damping component are arranged between the two connecting plates; sides of the two connecting plates are respectively provided with connecting grooves matched with two ends of the monitoring-control connector; the monitoring-control connector is provided with a monitoring component in signal connection with a master station; the two ends of the monitoring-control connector are respectively provided with load release components and are fixedly connected with the two connecting plates, and sides of the two connecting plates further from the monitoring-control component are fixedly connected with the power transmission tower and one end of the insulator string respectively, the other end of the insulator string is hung with w

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, including: obtaining EEG data from one or more single channel EEG sensor worn by a user; classifying, using a processor, the EEG data as one of nominal and abnormal; and providing an indication associated with a classification of the EEG data. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: In an approach to AI empowered factory automation using an industrial IoT, responsive to receiving a new production task, production requirements are input into an AI engine. Equipment and software containers are selected based on the AI model. An orchestration service is created, where the orchestration service collaborates the equipment and the software containers.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an electrically powered aircraft comprising: a propulsion system; a navigation control system operatively coupled to said propulsion system to navigate the aircraft to a desired location; a rechargeable electrical power storage to power the aircraft during operation; and a power line charging unit comprising a current transformer operatively coupled to said rechargeable electrical power storage and remotely operable to engage a power line in flight to recharge said rechargeable electrical power storage and remotely disengage said power line once recharged.

Abstract: A wearable sensing device (100) for sensing one or more physiological signals of a subject, comprising: a sensor unit (200), including a housing, a connection receptacle (210) and electronic circuitry configured for acquiring one or more physiological signals received via the connection receptacle; a patch unit (300), including a connection plug (310) connected via conductive tracks (341) to a plurality of electrodes (342) configured for sensing the one or more physiological signals. The connection plug (310) is configured for being connectable with the connection receptacle (210) such that the one or more physiological signals sensed by the electrodes (342) are transmitted to the electronic circuitry of the sensor unit (200).

Abstract: A system for compressing Controller Area Network (CAN) messages, the system comprising a processing resource configured to: obtain a CAN messages sequence including a plurality of CAN messages intercepted at a given order by at least one device adapted to monitor messages transmitted via communication channel(s) of a vehicle; group the CAN messages of the CAN messages sequence into MID groups, by a CAN MID field of the CAN messages; for each given MID group of the MID groups split the CAN messages of the MID group into field groups, wherein each field group comprises a respective field of a plurality of fields of the CAN messages of the MID group; employ at least one compression scheme on at least one of the field groups; generate a data structure comprising the field groups; and compress the data structure using a lossless compression algorithm, giving rise to a compressed data structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a wireless neutral current sensor (WNCS) for monitoring a neutral cable of a capacitor bank. The WNCS may include a power storage device that provides power to allow the WNCS to send a test signal to a capacitor bank controller (CBC) of the capacitor bank to confirm operation of the WNCS during commissioning. The WNCS may include processing and communication circuitry that, during operation, detects an electrical characteristic on the neutral cable. The processing and communication circuitry may provide a message indicating the electrical characteristic to the CBC.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, an ingestible medication device is a self-contained electronic device that stores an active agent, and that controls release of the active agent using an on board processor. The ingestible medication device embodies one or more ingestible device identifiers, including personal identifiers and active agent identifiers, which are compared with external device identifiers to determine whether to release the active agent. A method for managing an ingestible medication device detects proximity to a limited range, RFID-enabled patient wristband, indicating that the wristband is worn by the patient that ingested the ingestible medication device. Various methods enable a nurse to track medication information to monitor compliance with medication regimen and dosage information. Other methods track an ingestible medication device selected for filling a prescription at a pharmacy of the health care provider, including transfer to a caregiver station using a transport cart.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and techniques are disclosed for administering and tracking medicine to patients and providing health management capabilities for patients and caregivers. In some aspects, a method includes receiving one or more analyte values associated with a health condition of the patient user; receiving contextual data associated with the patient user obtained by the mobile computing device, where the obtained contextual data includes information associated with a meal; determining a medicine metric value associated with an amount of medicine active in the body of the patient user; autonomously calculating a dose of the medicine without input from the user based at least on the one or more analyte values, the medicine metric value, and the information associated with a meal; and continuously displaying the calculated dose of the medicine.

Abstract: In order to objectively grasp a stress state of a user and to prevent postpartum depression, biological gas information is acquired via a network, where the biological gas information indicates a concentration of benzothiazole of the user and is obtained by a sensor that detects benzothiazole released from a skin surface of the user. From a memory storing information including an upper limit of a normal range of the concentration of benzothiazole per unit period, the information indicating the upper limit of the normal range is read out. When a frequency in the unit period with which the concentration of benzothiazole of the user exceeds the upper limit of the normal range is determined to have an increasing tendency based on the biological gas information obtained during a pregnancy period of the user, the information related to stress of the user is output to an information terminal of the user.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an automated vehicle. A sensor is configured to monitor an ORU (other road user) external to the automated vehicle thereby identifying the ORU with respect to the automated vehicle. A processor determines a state of the ORU and a context of the ORU and communicates a message to the ORU based on the determined state of the ORU and the context of the ORU.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an electronic flush valve system for tankless water fixtures, comprising a valve housing and a replaceable flush valve module removably secured within the valve housing. The flush valve module is comprised of an independent, self-contained flush valve configured as a replaceable flush valve cartridge.