Abstract: A finite sequence of code values is formed, and can be used for example in communications or remote sensing. A code value in said finite sequence of code values has a validity period specific to that code value. There are code values of different validity periods in said finite sequence of code values. Each of said validity periods is longer than or equal to a predetermined minimum baud length.

Abstract: A CODEC includes a transmission path between an encoder and a decoder. The encoder receives bits of data in a first form in which each bit of the data is represented by switching between first and second logic states and no voltage change between consecutive bits of the same logic state and serially transmits the bits in a second form in which the first logic state is maintained at a high voltage, the second logic state is maintained at a low voltage, and an intermediate voltage is maintained between consecutive bits. The decoder receives the bits in the second form and derives a clock from the occurrences of the intermediate voltage. The clock, repetitively, is maintained at a logic high, then switches directly from the logic high to a logic low, then is maintained at the logic low, and then switches directly between the logic low and the logic high.

Abstract: In a pulse phase difference coding circuit, a count unit includes a plurality of partial counters connected to each other in series so that the most significant bit of an output of the previous stage serves as an operation clock of the subsequent stage. A circulation number detecting unit includes a first latch circuit which is provided for each of the partial counters and latches an output of the partial counter according to a pulse for measurement, and a first delay circuit which treats the partial counter in the second stage or later as an object counter and delays the pulse for measurement by a total delay time in all the partial counters located at the previous stages of the object counter. The pulse for measurement is inputted into the first latch circuit which latches an output of the object counter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to export tuning data collected in a receiving device are disclosed. An example method of collecting audience measurement data comprises collecting tuning data within a receiving device, and modulating an LED associated with the receiving device to export the collected tuning data from the receiving device.

Abstract: A system and process for receiving a variable pulse width signal and measuring and serially sending the measurements to a receiver that deserializes and regenerates the variable pulse width signal. Data bits may be embedded with the variable pulse width clock measurements and serially sent out. The measurements are illustratively accomplished using a reference clock and a phase locked loop.

Abstract: In-system signal monitoring using an integrated circuit such as a programmable logic device is described. An analog-to-digital converter is disposed in the programmable logic device. A sampling bridge is coupled to provide an analog input to the analog-to-digital converter and to receive first signaling of a first frequency. A signal generator is configured to provide second signaling at a second frequency which is a fraction of the first frequency. Sample window circuitry is coupled to receive the second signaling and configured to provide third signaling to the sampling bridge at least partially responsive to the second signaling and at least partially responsive to an adjustable impedance setting of the sample window circuitry. The sample window circuitry is configured to provide an adjustable sample window within a pulse-width range.

Abstract: Power consumption of an output stage such as a class-D output stage may depend on the amplitude and the activity of the signal being output. Here, control signals may be generated to independently control coupled switches of the output stage and to provide a tri-state control scheme for the output stage. These control signals may be generated based on durations of different levels of an input signal over one or more periods of time.

Abstract: A cycle time to digital converter includes a dual delay lock loop, multi phase sampling detector and VDL sampling detector. The dual delay lock loop generates the first voltage corresponding to the first delay time and the second voltage corresponding to the second delay time. The multi phase sampling detector receives first start signal, first stop signal and first voltage to detect a coarse delay time, generates the first group signals according to the coarse delay time, delays the first stop signal by a common delay time to generate the second stop signal, and delays the first start signal by the coarse delay time and the common delay time to generate the second start signal. The VDL sampling detector receives first voltage, second voltage, second start signal and second stop signal for detecting a fine delay time and generates the second group signals according to the fine delay time.

Abstract: A method for coding an output signal of a sensor of an apparatus for determining a rotation angle of a shaft, in particular of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, the shaft being joined to a sensor wheel having teeth and tooth gaps having an asymmetrical pitch, and the sensor wheel having associated with it at least one differential sensor encompassing two sensor elements, the differential sensor generating an output signal that is a difference of signals of the two sensor elements, the output signal being a square-wave signal that can assume a first value or a second value. The rotation direction of the shaft, as well as a pitch ratio of a tooth sweeping past the sensor with respect to an adjacent tooth gap, are ascertained from the signals of the two sensor elements, and the rotation direction as well as the pitch are coded as a pulse width coded output signal.

Abstract: An ADC and method comprises a hybrid-type sigma-delta modulator comprising a digital delta-stage and an analog sigma-stage, wherein the analog sigma-stage comprises an analog low-pass filter adapted to only pass a low frequency audio band between 0-20 khz of a PWM wave, and wherein the digital delta-stage comprises a PWM wave generator; a pair of MOSFETs; and a power supply unit outputting voltage to the pair of MOSFETs. The ADC comprises a comparator attached to the hybrid-type sigma-delta modulator; a low-pass filter configured in a digital domain and for receiving a signal output of the comparator and remove high-frequency components of the comparator output above the audio band; a PWM back converter adapted to receive the filtered signal output and translate the digital low-pass filtered signal output to a power supply transient value in a digital format; and a dither signal source for injecting a dither signal to the digital delta-stage.

Abstract: A encoding/decoding method and device for a remote controller utilizing a baud rate to encrypt data for transmission. The encoding device includes an encoder encoding an identification code into an encrypted code; and an interpreter interpreting the un-encoded portion of the identification code and the encrypted code into a transmission signal. When the encrypted code is in a first base, the plain code corresponding to the encrypted code will be transmitted with a first baud rate; and when the encrypted code is in a second base, the plain code corresponding to the encrypted code will be transmitted with a second baud rate. The decoding device includes a receiver receiving the transmission signal; a interpreter connected to the receiver interpreting the transmission signal into a received signal; an encoder utilizing the same encoding algorithm as in the transmitter to generate a comparison code; and a processor comparing the received signal and the comparison code.

Abstract: A code rate adaptive encoding/decoding arrangement and method for a pulse code modulation system comprises a code rate adaptor and a code capacity meter to dynamically produce a code rate adaptive signal for the code length of the pulse code modulation adaptive to actual situations during the encoding/decoding process.

Abstract: A system for electronically signalling along a fence line, comprising one or more transmitter device(s) for connection to the fence line from which control signals or information may be sent along the fence line and one or more receiver device(s) for connection to the fence line to receive control signals. Each transmitter device includes transmission means arranged to form the control signal(s) or information as one or more data blocks, generate a carrier frequency, and phase modulate the carrier with the signal and apply the phase modulated carrier to the fence line. Each receiver device includes means arranged to demodulate the transmitted signal to recover the data block(s) and process the data block(s) to recover the control signals(s) or information. The system is adapted to work with both electric and non-electric fence lines.

Abstract: A system for generating a signal which, in addition to first information representing the rotational speed of a rotating part, contains at least second information. The signal changes over time between a first and a second current level and/or voltage level (high/low). The first information is represented by the time interval between a substantially identical change either between the first to the second level (high/low edge) or a substantially identical change between the second to the first level (low/high edge). On the other hand, the second information is represented by the length of time either of the first or of the second level. No further current levels or voltage levels are used to transmit the additional information, and that the additional information can be evaluated relatively simply. High data integrity can be attained by pulses which are as long as possible.

Abstract: A data transmission system which is particularly useful for a remote control apparatus for an electric fence. The apparatus includes a portable hand held housing with a contact 16 which in use can contact a conductor of an electric fence line. The output of the apparatus includes a resonating circuit comprising inductor L, transformer 14 and a small high voltage capacitor C2. The apparatus can thus generate information embedded within a series of short signal bursts of a frequency within a predetermined frequency range. A receiver coupled to or forming part of an electric fence energiser can receive a signal from the apparatus to control operation of the energiser.

Abstract: In a radio signal transmitter, a microcomputer operates by receiving an output voltage of a battery to sequentially generate a voltage boosting control signal. This voltage boosting control signal has a longer high level period as generated later. The voltage booster circuit boosts the output voltage of the battery by increasing the number of times of oscillating operations during the high level period of the voltage boosting control signal depending on the increased high level period.

Abstract: A transmitter unit generates a carrier signal in the form of a periodic bipolar signal. The carrier signal has intrapulse periods between two pulses of different polarity. A transmission antenna is operated with the bipolar signal. To prevent the harmonic oscillations of the transmitted signals from having excessively great amplitudes, the intrapulse period is defined such that the amplitude of the first harmonic of the transmitted oscillation, ascertained by Fourier analysis, is greater than 90% and the amplitude of the third harmonic oscillation is less than 25%, in comparison with the amplitude of the fundamental oscillation of a rectangular oscillation without intrapulse periods.

Abstract: A method for entering a special mode of an electric device in which the special mode such as a test mode exists. According to the method, at least two coded keys are continuously inputted. From an initial key input, the coded keys are inputted in respectively predetermined amounts of time to enter the special mode. The special mode is not entered when: (1) only one of the coded keys is inputted; (2) the continuously inputted keys are not inputted in the respectively predetermined times; or (3) a combination of the continuously inputted keys is not the same with a combination of predetermined keys.

Abstract: A wireless remote response system includes a base unit which retrieves user-entered responses from a plurality of remote response units, each of which is provided to a user. The base unit transmits a base data package over a wireless communication link to the plurality of remote response units, which decode the base packet and load into memory a portion of the decoded base package at each response unit. Each response unit examines the characters loaded into the memory and determines any character in the portion of the decoded base package that pertains to that particular response unit. Each remote response unit then processes any character that pertains to that particular response unit. Each bit of data exchanged between the base unit and the response unit is encoded as a particular time interval for at least one cycle of a periodic waveform by varying the time interval either between successive rising edges or between successive falling edges of the periodic waveform.

Abstract: A control system is disclosed to extend the range of rotation of a radio-controlled servo towards its physical limits. A microprocessor and its various interconnections are inserted between the output of a radio control receiver and the input to the servomotor to analyze the output of the receiver and to re-scale it to allow movement beyond 45 degrees in either direction from its quiescent position. As described, this is done by converting the receiver output pulse from one which is 1 to 2 milliseconds in width to an output pulse for the servo which is 0.5 to 2.5 milliseconds in width.

Abstract: A digital architecture for a pulse generator includes a triggerable voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with two alternative sources of frequency control voltage, an internal DAC or a phase frequency comparison with an external timebase. In a top octave of operation, the output of the triggerable VCO is used to produce output pulses whose edge locations are then adjusted by small digital increments or "slivers" and very small analog increments or "verniers". In lower octaves of operation, the contents of a pattern RAM serve to frequency divide the triggerable VCO output frequency by powers of two. The RAM contents are converted to a serial bit stream that imposes the coarse pulse width and period as an integral number of top octave periods, or quanta. The edge locations are then adjusted with slivers and verniers, as in the top octave. Automatic calibration facilities are included.

Abstract: A digital architecture for a pulse generator includes a triggerable voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with two alternative sources of frequency control voltage, an internal DAC or a phase frequency comparison with an external timebase. In a top octave of operation, the output of the triggerable VCO is used to produce output pulses whose edge locations are then adjusted by small digital increments or "slivers" and very small analog increments or "verniers". In lower octaves of operation, the contents of a pattern RAM serve to frequency divide the triggerable VCO output frequency by powers of two. The RAM contents are converted to a serial bit stream that imposes the coarse pulse width and period as an integral number of top octave periods, or quanta. The edge locations are then adjusted with slivers and verniers, as in the top octave. Automatic calibration facilities are included.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring operations data which uses a commercially available digital multimeter (DMM) as the data receiving and display device. In one preferred embodiment, for example, basic operations data is transduced to digital form and then coded with a width modulator. The width modulated data may represent, for example, total elapsed time or total counts of a measured operation. The full-scale range of the data is encoded as frequency. A technician reads the frequency of the data signal with the DMM to determine the full-scale range of the data and then reads percent-of-range with the DMM as duty cycle. For multiple operations data, peak voltage is used as a parameter identifier. Alternatively, the value of the parameter being measured, the full-scale range, and the parameter identifier may be encoded as any combination of frequency, peak voltage, or duty cycle.

Abstract: A skew code generator for digitally quantizing the width of a pulse. A series connected string of identical voltage controllable delay elements is supplied with the pulse, which is sensed as it passes through each of the delay elements. Output signals are developed in response to the leading edge of the pulse and are latched in response to the trailing edge of the pulse. An encoder generates a binary output from the latched output signals, which is indicative of the width of the pulse.

Abstract: A communication system particularly adapted for use in an aircraft collision avoidance system wherein the transmitted portions of messages changed between aircraft consist of pulses or pairs of pulses at the beginning and end of a message. The data or information content of a message is defined by the time duration between start and end pulses, an interval during which the sender's transmitter is off. Thus the media is clear for other aircraft to use during the major portion of any message, thereby greatly increasing the number of aircraft which can be accommodated by the system without overloading the communication medium. The system provides for determining the presence of other aircraft in the near vicinity which may be a collision threat and for sending intent messages to threat aircraft to assist in collision avoidance.