Abstract: A light includes a plurality of light-emitting elements; a first substrate having a first surface on which the light-emitting elements are arranged at predetermined intervals, a second surface, and an opening that connects the first surface and the second surface; a second substrate located facing the second surface of the first substrate and having a communication unit mounted thereon; and an antenna arranged on the second substrate, wherein in response to an on/off operation, the communication unit transmits information about the on/off operation to an external destination, and the antenna extends through the opening of the first substrate in a direction crossing the first surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: A transducer system comprises a first frequency steered transducer array element and a second frequency steered transducer array element that is spaced apart from the first frequency steered transducer array element. The system additionally includes a processing element in communication with the first and second frequency steered transducer array elements. The processing element is configured to receive a first receive electronic signal from the first frequency steered sonar array element, receive a second receive electronic signal from the second frequency steered array sonar element, compare a difference in amplitude between the first receive electronic signal and the second receive electronic signal to determine a cross-track position of an underwater target, and control a display to present an indication of the cross-track position of the underwater target.

Abstract: A radar transceiver chip for transmitting a transmission signal and for receiving a received signal is proposed. The radar transceiver chip includes a transmitting branch, a receiving branch, a coupler, by means of which the transmitting branch is coupled to the receiving branch, and exactly one antenna terminal for connecting an external antenna to the radar transceiver chip. The coupler is coupled to the antenna terminal and is configured to output at least a portion of the transmission signal to the antenna terminal and to feed at least a portion of the received signal, received via the antenna terminal, into the receiving branch, the receiving branch comprising a receiving mixer which is configured to generate an intermediate frequency signal on the basis of the received signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a memory and a processor. The memory is to store data. The processor is to: store a first dataset on the memory; identify a plurality of bin sizes for compressing the first dataset; compute a plurality of performance costs associated with the plurality of bin sizes; identify a minimum performance cost of the plurality of performance costs; identify an optimal bin size based on the particular bin size associated with the minimum performance cost; partition the first dataset into a plurality of bins based on the optimal bin size; identify a plurality of bin counts associated with the plurality of bins; generate a second dataset based on the plurality of bin counts, wherein the second dataset is smaller than the first dataset; and store the second dataset on the memory, wherein the second dataset is stored using less memory space than the first dataset.

Abstract: A processor generates first position information on a relative position between a camera and a radar, acquires, from the radar, second position information on a relative position between the radar and a reflector, the second position information being generated by using an arrival direction of the radar transmission wave, and calculates a displacement amount by comparing the first position information and the second position information with each other.

Abstract: The hazard warning system that included processing system for detecting a high altitude ice crystal (HAIC) or HAIC cloud (HAIC2) condition. The aircraft warning system can use an inferred detected process or a non-inferred detection process. Warnings of high altitude ice crystal conditions can allow an aircraft to avoid threats posed by HAIC or HAIC2 conditions including damage to aircraft equipment and engines.

Abstract: A combination of a radar sensor and a trim component, which are to be mounted on a motor vehicle so that the trim component is penetrated by microwaves of the radar sensor, the trim component including at least one layer, which reflects a portion of the microwaves, the trim component including an additional layer, which is configured based on thickness and dielectric constant to reduce the reflection.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for a receiver having a single sideband mixer with all pass networks to remove unwanted sidebands down conversion of signals. In exemplary embodiments, a single chip receive/transceiver can be used in phased array radars. Since the need for bulky off-chip switch filter banks is eliminated, the number of chips for phased array antenna elements can be increased.

Abstract: An optical signal is received at a coherent optical receiver. The received optical signal is converted to a first electrical signal and a second electrical signal through a first photodetector and a second photodetector, respectively. The first electrical signal is input into a first single input variable gain amplifier, and the second electrical signal is input into a second single input variable gain amplifier. A gain of at least one of the first single input variable gain amplifier or the second single input variable gain amplifier is controlled to balance the output of the first single input variable gain amplifier and the output of the second single input variable gain amplifier. The output of the first single input variable gain amplifier and the output of the second single input variable gain amplifier are input into a differential amplifier. A receiver output is obtained at an output of the differential amplifier.

Abstract: A lighting device includes a microwave sensor for adjusting its sensing range based on a range gate selected from multiple range gates. An active antenna module transmits first FMCW signal toward a target based on the selected range gate and for receiving second FMCW signal reflected from the target. The microwave sensor demodulates the first FMCW signal and the second FMCW signal to generate beat frequency signal. Then another demodulator demodulates the beat frequency signal to generate Doppler signal. The microwave sensor calculates a range between the microwave sensor and the target based on the beat frequency signal, calculates velocity of the target according to frequency of the Doppler signal, and determine whether to generate triggering signal according to the calculated velocity and the calculated range, when the object located within the range gate. The power module enables a lamp based on the triggering signal.

Abstract: A microwave sensor is disclosed. The microwave sensor includes an active antenna module, a first low pass filter, a second demodulator, a modulation module, and a discrimination control module. The active antenna module is utilized for transmitting a first FMCW signal towards a target and receiving a second FMCW signal reflected back from the target according to a sweep period. The active antenna module includes a loop antenna and a radio frequency transistor. The first low pass filter and the radio frequency transistor form a first demodulator. The first demodulator and the second demodulator perform two-stage down converting and demodulating to extract information for calculating range and velocity, respectively. The present invention adjusts a radio frequency bandwidth of the FMCW signal by first adjusting an amplitude of a modulation signal generated by the modulation module to control various detection ranges.

Abstract: A method of estimating the angular position ?c of a target detected by a radar equipping a mobile carrier and emitting, via an steerable antenna, a signal, in the form of pulses, towards the target and receiving echoes from the reflection of said signal on the target, comprises: estimating, for each pulse or group of pulses of time index i, the angular position ?(i) of the antenna; estimating, for each pulse or group of pulses of time index i, the Doppler frequency fD(i) of the echo or echoes received; pairing, for each pulse or group of pulses of time index i, the angular position ?(i) and the Doppler frequency fD(i); and, estimating the angular position ?c at least by solving the equation ? ? ? f D ? ( i ) 2 = V a ? sin ? ? ? ? ( i ) ? ( ? c - ? ? ( i ) ) + V r , c , where ? is the wavelength of the radar, Va is the norm of the speed of the carrier and Vr,c is the radial speed of the target.

Abstract: In certain embodiments, an apparatus comprises range matched filters and a Doppler-acceleration matched filter system. The matched filters are configured to receive radar return signals detected by an antenna and range match filter the radar return signals to place the radar return signals into range cells. The Doppler-acceleration matched filter system is configured to Doppler-acceleration process the radar return signals in the range cells to facilitate identification of one or more targets.

Abstract: A radar imaging apparatus includes: (i) a delay code generation unit which repeats, for M scan periods, scan processing of generating, using a transmission code, N delay codes in a scan period for scanning N range gates having mutually different distances from the radar imaging apparatus; (ii) a signal storage unit which stores, in association with a range gate and a scan period, a baseband signal; (iii) a memory control unit which repeatedly writes, in the signal storage unit, for the M scan periods, N demodulated signals corresponding to a single scan period, and reads out a group of M demodulated signals corresponding to mutually different scan periods; (iv) a Doppler frequency discrimination unit which performs frequency analysis on demodulated signals having the same range gate; and (v) a direction of arrival calculation unit which estimates a direction of a target.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically testing microwave instruction detection modules of a security system. The method includes the steps of detecting intruders within a protected space by monitoring a Doppler output of a signal extraction circuit coupled to a microwave transceiver module, varying a frequency of direct current power pulses applied to the microwave transceiver module, detecting a difference in magnitude of the Doppler output of the signal extraction circuit over the varied frequency and comparing the detected difference with a fault threshold level.

Abstract: A UWB RF detector employs a pulsed self-oscillating mixer (SOM) and an output integrator to provide low-noise preamplification, mixing and sampling. The SOM produces short-burst, microwave self-oscillations that are phase-locked to a clock. The self-oscillations are used for mixing. The SOM can also radiate UWB RF pulses. A one-transistor SOM can simultaneously implement both a UWB emitter and a UWB detector in a radar transceiver. A control loop can stabilize the self-oscillations at nanowatt levels. Nanowatt UWB radars and radios can be realized, thereby opening new spectral bands beyond those formally designated for UWB operation.

Abstract: A radar device can reliably, and rapidly detect dirt adhered to a radome surface without misdetection. The radar device includes a transmit/receive shared antenna (306) that transmits an electric wave to an object and receives a reflected wave that has been reflected from the object, a mixer (307) that mixes a transmission signal and a reception signal together to generate a beat signal, and a signal processing unit (312) that measures a distance to the object and a relative speed of the object on the basis of the beat signal. The transmit/receive shared antenna (306) modulates an unmodulated wave into a pulse and transmits the pulse modulated wave at a specific timing. In the case where the unmodulated pulse is transmitted, the beat signal that has been generated by the mixer (307) is converted into a digital voltage value by an A/D converter (310).

Abstract: A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to one mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch provided on the input side of the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the IF signal in the different modes for supply to said mixer. A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to another mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch for turning on and off a local signal to be supplied to the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the local signal in the different modes for supply to the mixer.

Abstract: A radar sensor is described that includes a radar transmitter, a radar receiver configured to receive reflected returns of signals output by the radar transmitter, and a signal processing unit configured to process signals received by the radar receiver. The signal processing unit includes a comparator, a first filter comprising an output coupled to a reference input of the comparator, and a second filter comprising an output coupled to a signal input of the comparator. The first and second filters are configured to receive a common input related to the reflected returns. The first filter is configured to have a time constant such that a rise time of the first filter output is faster than a rise time of the second filter output.

Abstract: A radar device of FM pulse system, in which a pulsed radio wave with frequency modulated is transmitted or received, to calculate a distance to a target 203 and a relative velocity, comprising: range gate setting means 205 for determining a sampling timing every time a predetermined time period has passed from a transmission timing; sampling means 206 for making a sampling in a frequency up zone or frequency down zone in each range gate; and measurement time changing means 207 for setting a measurement data used as an input of Fourier transform based on sampling data obtained by the sampling means 206, and when letting a time period required to make a sampling of all measurement data a measurement time period, changing the measurement time period in each range gate. An optimum distance resolution and relative velocity resolution can be set based on the distance to a target.

Abstract: A judging and controlling part 110 comprises an operation mode judging unit 111, a pulse width selecting unit 112, and a band limiting width selecting unit 113, wherein the operation mode judging unit 111 receives a signal of a gear state from a predetermined controlling device in a vehicle, and then judges the operation mode thereof. Based on a result of the judgment at the operation mode judging unit 111, the pulse width selecting unit 112 and the band limiting width selecting unit 113 control a wide band impulse generating part 120 and a band width limiting part 150, respectively.

Abstract: In a method for suppressing interferences while detecting objects in a target area, a transmitter transmits a sequence of pulses into the target area, and a receiver detects the resulting reflection signal of the pulses reflected from the objects, within successive time windows that are referenced to the moment of transmitting an individual pulse and thus represent distance gates. The time spacing between the successive individual pulses is variable and randomized according to the pseudo-noise principle within predetermined limits, and the time windows are adapted accordingly. The received reflection signal may be sampled, digitized, digitally pre-processed and digitally filtered in the individual distance gates. A non-linear digital filter, preferably a sliding median filter, is used for the filtering to suppress transient disturbances. The median is determined from an odd number of consecutive sampled values of a reflection signal detected within a distance gate.

Abstract: A radar processor for controlling detonation of a munition and operable to receive a detonation altitude from an external source is provided. The radar processor is configured to set a first range gate and a reference range gate based on the received detonation altitude, and cause a radar transmitter to operate in a continuous wave mode, for a predetermined period, upon receipt of radar return signals through the first range gate. The radar processor calculates a velocity of the munition from continuous wave return signals, and calculates a time delay for outputting a detonation signal based on the received detonation altitude, the calculated velocity, and a reference altitude of the munition, the altitude of the munition calculated based upon receipt of radar return signals through the reference range gate. The radar transmitter operates in a pulse mode while the munition is outside the reference range gate.

Abstract: The invention refers to a method and device for wideband radar, the method comprising: —generating a wideband signal (1, 6) with a bandwidth B; —copying the wideband signal (1, 6); —transmitting the wideband signal (6?); —receiving a returned echo signal (11) from the transmitted signal (6?); —dividing the copied signal into a number, Nf, of subsequent frequency bands b; —manipulating the copied and divided signal into an anticipated signal (10) by adding a number Nd of anticipated delays and a number of ND Doppler stretches to the copied and divided signal for each Nf subsequent frequency band b; —dividing the received signal (17) into a number, Nf, of subsequent frequency bands b; —correlating corresponding frequency bands in the divided received signal (17) and the anticipated signal (10) giving NdND correlated signals (19) for determining range (R) to a target and velocity (v) of the target.

Abstract: A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to one mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch provided on the input side of the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the IF signal in the different modes for supply to said mixer. A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to another mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch for turning on and off a local signal to be supplied to the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the local signal in the different modes for supply to the mixer.

Abstract: A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to one mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch provided on the input side of the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the IF signal in the different modes for supply to said mixer. A transmit-receive FM-CW radar apparatus according to another mode of the invention comprises: a mixer for downconverting an IF signal; a switch for turning on and off a local signal to be supplied to the mixer; and a switch controller for controlling the switch on and off in different modes and selecting the local signal in the different modes for supply to the mixer.

Abstract: A radar sensor is described that includes a radar transmitter, a radar receiver configured to receive reflected returns of signals output by the radar transmitter, and a signal processing unit configured to process signals received by the radar receiver. The signal processing unit includes a comparator, a first filter comprising an output coupled to a reference input of the comparator, and a second filter comprising an output coupled to a signal input of the comparator. The first and second filters are configured to receive a common input related to the reflected returns. The first filter is configured to have a time constant such that a rise time of the first filter output is faster than a rise time of the second filter output.

Abstract: An in-vehicle pulse radar device includes: an oscillator that generates an electromagnetic wave; a transmission amplifier that transmits the electromagnetic wave generated by the oscillator toward a target substance; an antenna that receives the reception electromagnetic wave reflected by the target substance to output data; reception amplifiers; a reception antenna; an A/D converter; and a signal processing device that pre-sums data which is sampled on the basis of the data from the A/D converter for each of distance gates, subjects the pre-summed data which is a result of the pre-summing process to an FFT process, and obtains a distance between a subject vehicle and the target substance and a relative speed therebetween in accordance with the spectrum frequency and the amplitude information which are a result of the FFT process.

Abstract: In a method for HPRF-radar measurement of the range and Doppler frequency of at least one target, a transmit signal is generated which consists of two pulse sequences that are interleaved on a pulse to pulse basis, and have the same pulse repetition frequency PRF and the same transmit frequency. The pulses of a first one of the two pulse sequences have a linearly increasing phase value with a fixed phase difference &phgr;1n (greater than zero) from pulse to pulse with &phgr;1n≧0, while the pulses of the second pulse sequence have a linear increasing phase value with a fixed phase difference &phgr;2n which differs from &phgr;1n. The two received base band signals of each individual pulse sequence are Fourier transformed, and the amplitude peaks of the resulting two Fourier spectra are determined.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the parameters of atmospheric turbulent flows utilizes the Doppler shifted frequencies of received radar signals backscattered from sound generated aerodynamically by atmospheric turbulent flows. Doppler frequency bandwidths of the received backscattered signals are used to estimate the atmospheric flow turbulence and the mean frequency within a bandwidth is processed to estimate its radial flow velocity. Total flow velocity and the flow velocity angle with respect to the antenna boresight of the atmospheric turbulent flow may be estimated by estimating the radial flow velocity at two radial positions and processing these radial velocities. Processing of the Doppler data is initiated when the total signal power within the Doppler frequency band exceeds a predetermined power level.

Abstract: A timing and control method and apparatus (111) for performing precise range rate aiding includes a range gate delay means (114) for generating an estimate of the range gate delay (135) each pulse repetition interval as a function of the initial range (134) and velocity (133) provided by a processor (104). The range gate delay (135) is converted into a coarse delay (138) defining the integral number of clock cycles preceding the range gate, and a fine delay (139) for positioning a range gate to within a fraction of a clock cycle. Fine temporal control is achieved using programmable delay lines (117) and (118), which retard various control signals, including the system clock signal (131), in accordance with the fine delay (139). A modified signal (126) then drives a counter means (119) which outputs a signal (128) that defines an analog-to-digital sampling window beginning at the elapse of the range gate delay (135).

Abstract: A motion detector combines an FCC approved homodyne pulsed range-gated radar (“RGR”) detector (10) and a PIR detector (158). Narrow microwave pulses are transmitted at a predetermined pulse repetition frequency (“PRF”) and the pulses are reflected by a target. The RGR detector senses the presence of moving human sized objects within predetermined ranges. Moving objects beyond the ranges are not sensed. The RGR detector employs a pulsed microwave oscillator (12) that is triggered by a system clock (14) and immediately retriggered after a 3 to 100 nanosecond delay (20). The duration of each pulse is 3 to 20 nanoseconds with a half-sine envelope shape. The RGR employs a homodyne detector (36) and shares an antenna (38) with the transmitter. The receiver range is determined by the delay imposed between the transmitted pulses, the first being a transmitted pulse and the second being a local oscillator pulse. Each received 5.8 GHz pulse is mixed down to a baseband by the homodyne detector.

Abstract: The invention particularly relates to the detection of fast-flying targets by means of an HPRF radar system that operates with a plurality of switchable pulse-repetition frequencies (PRFs). In the method, a high velocity resolution is attained, which permits a reliable detection of a multiple-target situation. At the same time, a precise range determination is attained with a high range resolution by means of a pure transit-time measurement of the pulses. The length of the used range gates is selected to correspond to the anticipated target length.

Abstract: A method for measuring the speed (V) of a vehicle (1) relative to the ground, of the type using the deviation in frequency associated with the Doppler effect between a transmitted wave (3) sent by radar (2) solidly connected to the vehicle and a reflected wave (4) reflected by the ground, characterized in that radar of the type allowing simultaneous measurement of the relative distance (D) and the relative speed (V) between the vehicle and the ground is used, and that the distance measurement is used to validate the speed measurement.

Abstract: Coherent bursts of N wideband, low repetition frequency width-modulated pulses are transmitted, and they are received with pulse compression and then sampling. For each range gate and each speed hypothesis, a selection is made of the corresponding samples of N repetitions of a burst after compensation for the migration in distance. On each set of N samples, for a given speed hypothesis, a Fourier transform and a threshold-setting operation are performed. The distance and the unambiguous speed of the detected targets are then extracted.

Abstract: A distance measurement device is provided which determines the measurement zone of an object and also determines the direction of movement of the object within the measurement zone.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting illegal tampering with an electricity meter which is adapted to record the amount of electricity supplied to the meter through cables has a first signal generating sensing coil situated externally of, and upstream of, the meter which generates a first signal representative of the current flowing through one of the supply cables and a second signal generating second sensing coil, located within the meter, which generates a second signal representative of the amount of electricity to be recorded by the meter. A Monitoring device monitors the first and second signals and produces a third actuation signal when one of the first and second signals differs from its correct value as a result of tampering.

Abstract: A radar system includes a radar transceiver for generating transmit signals and for receiving signals reflected by targets. The radar system includes a mixer for combining the transmit signals and the reflected signals into a mixer signal. A radar signal processor includes a sampling device, connected to the mixer, for sampling the mixer signal and for generating a sampled mixer signal. A spectrum estimation device, connected to the sampling device, generates a range profile signal including a plurality of range bins each containing a magnitude of a spectral component. A threshold device, connected to the spectrum estimation device, generates a target space array from the range profile signal. A target decision device, connected to the threshold device, generates estimated range and speed signals for a closest target from the target space array.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining a target position within a selected range segment includes a range gate generator which provides a range gate signal that enables a detector for a time interval corresponding to the range segment and a signal generator, responsive to the range gate signal, which provides a signal having an amplitude which varies with time. The output signal of the signal generator is sampled by a sample and hold circuit. A control signal generator enabled during the range gate interval couples a switching signal to the sample and hold circuit which, upon the reception of a target reflected signal, causes the sample and hold circuit to switch from the sampling mode to the hold mode. The signal amplitude in the hold mode is a representation of the target position within the range gate.

Abstract: A field effect transistor FMCW radar transceiver for short-range target detection, employs a varactor-tuned, gallium arsenide field effect transistor, voltage-controlled oscillator in the dual role of the transmitter signal source and the local oscillator. The radar transceiver is capable of operating at low IF frequencies for short range, which can be less than 30 feet, target detection.

Abstract: A coherent pulse radar is activated successively according to at least two pulse repetition frequencies. These frequencies are of values such that (a) the received signal is ambiguous both with regard to distance and with regard to velocity, and (b) their ratio is reducible to the quotient of two integers which are preferably adjacent and have no common factors. For the frequency analysis, a number of samples is taken which depends upon the pulse repetition frequency, the numbers of samples associated with the two pulse repetition frequencies being, in relation to one another, in the ratio of the two integers. The distance/velocity resolution cell is then invariant with respect to the pulse repetition frequency; this permits removal of the ambiguity concerning mean information items appertaining to a long integration time.

Abstract: The radar signal processor multiplies in real time samples from a radar system and coefficients representing desired frequency windows to be examined and integrates those products over a time period related to the particular frequency window in order to determine the amount of energy in the different frequency windows of the different range bins of the radar system.

Abstract: There is provided a system and method for detecting a distance to an object. The method comprises providing a lighting system having at least one pulse width modulated visible-light source for illumination of a field of view; emitting an illumination signal for illuminating the field of view for a duration of time y using the visible-light source at a time t; integrating a reflection energy for a first time period from a time t?x to a time t+x; determining a first integration value for the first time period; integrating the reflection energy for a second time period from a time t+y?x to a time t+y+x; determining a second integration value for the second time period; calculating a difference value between the first integration value and the second integration value; determining a propagation delay value proportional to the difference value; determining the distance to the object from the propagation delay value.