Abstract: A process and apparatus to automatically determine whether a police radar is installed in a vehicle which has a coupling between a vehicle speed sensor and the police radar. The process automatically, without any operator input, determines the correct ratio between the true ground speed and the frequency output by vehicle speed sensor at that ground speed. The process and apparatus then use that ratio and the frequency from the vehicle speed sensor to establish a software search window that limits the speed range of the search by the police traffic radar for the true ground speed.

Abstract: A transceiver assembly is provided for use in a Doppler-based traffic radar system for determining the speed of at least one target. The transceiver assembly includes a cover for receiving therein at least some of the component parts of the transceiver assembly. In other words, the cover is positioned over the component parts of the transceiver assembly which are enclosed by a cap removably attached to the cover. A conical antenna horn and turnstile waveguide cavities are formed from a unitary material. The circuitry associated with the transceiver assembly is modularized such that the circuitry may be removed from the transceiver assembly, or more specifically separated from the microwave components of the transceiver assembly, for testing.

Abstract: An electronic circuit for a proximity sensor, which is target-independent and is based on a phase projection transformation, is configured in such a way that the oscillating circuit can be driven by a square-wave voltage. A synchronous demodulator is used for the phase projection transformation. The electronic circuit can be miniaturized and only low requirements are placed on the stability of the feed voltage. A method for operating a proximity sensor is also provided.

Abstract: In a mobile communication system, signals which are transmitted from mobile stations moving relative to a base station are subject to a Doppler effect. A technique is described for compensating for that Doppler effect in the received signal, depending on the channel conditions for the received signal. Thus, the Doppler shift compensation is implemented only or mainly in good enough channel conditions.

Abstract: A Doppler-based radar system and related method are provided for determining the direction and speed of at least one selected target traveling in the same lane as a moving patrol vehicle supporting the radar system independent of the direction of the target relative to the platform. The radar system includes an oscillator to generate a signal, an antenna to transmit the signal toward the at least one target and to receive a return signal reflected from the at least one target, a turnstile in communication with the antenna for receiving the return signal and forming processing signals which are different in phase, and circuitry for determining the direction of the at least one target relative to the platform and the speed of the at least one target dependent upon a mode of operation of the radar system.

Abstract: A police radar and laser detector with networking capability is disclosed. By including the ability to wirelessly transmit the existence or even location of a detected radar or laser source, overall performance can be improved. Transmission of an actual radar or laser location gives other detectors advanced warning. Additionally, transmission of false alarm locations will allow other detectors to reduce false alarms.

Abstract: A method for controlling the distance of a vehicle (F) to a vehicle (P) traveling ahead, in which the distance Dist and the relative velocity of the vehicle (P) traveling ahead are measured and the distance, in a distance control mode, is controlled by accelerating or decelerating the vehicle (F) to a preestablished setpoint distance Dsoll, wherein the deceleration permitted by the distance control process is limited and, in situations in which the setpoint distance Dsoll cannot be maintained at this limited deceleration, the transition is made from the distance control process to a process limiting the distance to a minimum distance Dmin which is smaller than the setpoint distance, and the vehicle (F), after reaching the minimum distance, is further decelerated, so that the distance once again increases to the setpoint distance.

Abstract: An intrusion detection system and method are provided that can utilize impulse radio technology to detect when an intruder has entered a protection zone. In addition, the intrusion detection system and method can utilize impulse radio technology to determine a location of the intruder within the protection zone and also track the movement of the intruder within the protection zone. Moreover, the intrusion detection system and method can utilize impulse radio technology to create a specially shaped protection zone before trying to detect when and where the intruder has penetrated and moved within the protection zone.

Abstract: A police activity transponder utilizes data available through a vehicle on-board diagnostic system or a intelligent vehicle data bus to adjust the sensitivity of the police activity transponder to law enforcement signals based on speed data. A police activity transponder is configured to read speed data available through an on-board diagnostic system or an intelligent vehicle data bus and using an internal clock, calculate a 0 to 60 mile per hour or a quarter mile time for display and function as a speedometer. A police activity transponder is configured to read engine revolutions per minute (rpm) data and function as a tachometer. A police activity transponder is configured to allow a user to input shift points, read engine rpm data, and provide a user indication.

Abstract: The present invention provides a security system that can provide a user with data on the directional movement, velocity and location of an object within and around the perimeter of a structure with the use of radio energy. The system comprises a sensor unit having at least one antenna for transmission of a signal into a defined area of the structure. Any intrusion in the area is detected upon a change in the waveform received by the antenna. A received signal is transmitted from the sensor unit to a control unit, comprising, in part, a preprogrammed data processing unit that can determine the movement of the intruder. Utilization of a plurality of sensor units allows the user to obtain additional information on the velocity and location of the intruder. Additionally, as with conventional security systems, the system can provide an electrical signal to activate a sound and/or light device to attract the attention of the intruder and warn others of the intruder's presence.

Abstract: A system for sensing and measuring the relative motion of an object, comprising a transceiver device configured to transmit a signal toward an object, a plurality of detectors offset in phase to receive the transmitted signal and a reflected signal, and a processor configured with logic to measure a phase shift resulting from the relative motion of the object between the transmitted signal and the reflected signal at the plurality of detectors, wherein the processor is further configured with the logic to relate the phase shift to the relative motion of the object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for permitting a host automotive vehicle to avoid or mitigate the consequences of a collision between the host vehicle and a target automotive vehicle by using a combination of radar derived target information and transponder information. The host vehicle is equipped with a radar system operative detect the target vehicle and generate target data, and a computer which determines a likelihood of collision with target vehicle. If the likelihood of collision is above a certain level, the computer directs the radar system to transmit a directional interrogation system toward the target vehicle. The target vehicle is equipped with one or more transponders that receive the interrogation signal and respond by transmitting a response signal containing information indicating various dynamic and/or static characteristics of the target vehicle. The response signal is received by the host vehicle and is decoded to extract the target vehicle information.

Abstract: A Doppler-based traffic radar system determines a speed of a moving target from a platform while substantially eliminating the possibility of detection by an operator of the moving target utilizing a traffic radar detector. The radar system includes a controller or digital signal processor for limiting the period of time the system is initially transmitting. The duration of the initial transmission period is limited such that presently available commercial radar detectors are substantially unable to detect and/or elect not to report the presence of the radar signal. Specifically, the radar system is adapted to monitor the number of accumulated digital samples from a reflected portion of the radar signal. Upon receipt of a number of samples sufficient to determine the speed of the target, the radar system ends the initial transmission. Once the samples are obtained, the radar system determines the speed of the target and displays the speed.

Abstract: A Doppler-based radar system and related method are provided for determining the direction and speed of at least one selected target traveling in the same lane as a moving patrol vehicle supporting the radar system independent of the direction of the target relative to the platform. The radar system includes an oscillator to generate a signal, an antenna to transmit the signal toward the at least one target and to receive a return signal reflected from the at least one target, a turnstile in communication with the antenna for receiving the return signal and forming processing signals which are different in phase, and circuitry for determining the direction of the at least one target relative to the platform. In particular, samples of the processing signals are transformed into the frequency domain and cross-correlated forming cross-correlation components.

Abstract: A road antenna apparatus includes a road antenna 104 which is mounted on a post 103 and at an elevated position on a road R and establishes radio communication with an on-vehicle radio device 102 mounted in a vehicle 101 which is traveling over the road; and a laser-beam emitting device 111 which is mounted on the road antenna and radiates a laser beam onto a predetermined position 113 on the surface of the road. An offset in the angle at which a road antenna is mounted can be readily ascertained on the basis of a distance between a predetermined position on the surface of the road and a position 114 on the road surface onto which a laser beam is actually radiated.

Abstract: A series of police doppler single mode radars and a multimode police doppler radar, all with direction sensing capability are disclosed. A quadrature front end which mixes received RF with a local oscillator to generate two channels of doppler signals, one channel being shifted by an integer multiple of 90 degrees in phase relative to the other by shifting either the RF or the local oscillator signal being fed to one mixer but not the other. The two doppler signals are digitized and the samples are processed by a digital signal processor programmed to find one or more selected target speeds. Single modes disclosed are: stationary strongest target; stationary, fastest target; stationary, strongest and fastest targets; moving, strongest, opposite lane; moving, strongest, same lane; moving, fastest, opposite lane; moving, fastest and strongest, opposite lane; moving, fastest, same lane; moving fastest and strongest, same lane.

Abstract: An autonomous moving apparatus moving to a destination while detecting and avoiding an obstacle includes a radar device for scanning a horizontal plane in its travelling direction to thereby detect a position of an obstacle and an obstacle sensor for detecting an obstacle in a space different from the scanning plane of the radar device. The apparatus moves to the destination under such control as to avoid the obstacle based on detection information from the radar device and the obstacle sensor from a detection output provided by a specific-configuration detecting element for detecting a present specific configuration from scanning information by the radar device. By providing such a specific-configuration detecting element that detects a specific configuration based on the scan information by the radar device that can accurately know about position information, it is possible to guess an obstacle having an upper structure, thus providing efficient avoidance.

Abstract: A fluid flow device includes an actuator, an RF transmitter, a gated RF receiver, and a processor. The RF transmitter is configured and arranged to produce a plurality of pulses of RF energy spaced apart in time to form a sensor field. The gated RF receiver is configured and arranged to receive RF energy reflected by objects within the sensor field. The processor is coupled to the gated RF receiver for evaluating the reflected RF energy. The processor is also coupled to the actuator and is configured and arranged to activate the actuator in response to the reflected RF energy to control fluid flow. In addition, a new low power radar sensor operates by providing radar pulses that are non-uniformly spaced in time. In operation, a burst of pulses is initiated in the transmitter. Between each burst is a period of rest time in which the transmitter is not transmitting RF energy.

Abstract: A motion detector based on the Doppler principle contains a microwave module for emitting a microwave signal containing at least two frequencies into a room under surveillance and for receiving the radiation reflected from the latter. An evaluation stage is connected to the microwave module and generates first and second Doppler signals from the received radiation. The first and second Doppler signals have a phase difference which is proportional to the distance of an object reflecting the microwave signal. The phase difference is determined by an integral transformation. In addition, the relative size of an object and the direction of travel of an object reflecting the microwave signal can be determined by the evaluation stage.

Abstract: A vehicle impact detection sensor for providing an input variable for an activation logic unit or for generating an activation signal for an active occupant protection system, has a radar transmitter and a radar receiver which are arranged on a sensor-carrying superstructure of the vehicle. The radar receiver receives radar waves which are emitted by the radar transmitter and reflected at an impact-relevant reflexion surface that moves relative to the sensor-carrying superstructure in the event of an impact. A Doppler frequency evaluation unit uses the frequency of the transmitted radar waves and the frequency of the radar waves reflected from the impact-relevant reflexion surface to determine the associated Doppler frequency and detects therefrom a relative movement of the impact-relevant reflexion surface with reference to the sensor-carrying vehicle superstructure. The impact-relevant reflexion surface is a surface permanently connected to the vehicle, preferably, an outer surface of the vehicle.

Abstract: A device and process for measuring distances and/or speeds between a motor vehicle and several objects, like mobile targets and fixed targets, has an FMCW radar system, where the motor vehicle transmits a signal, whose transmitting frequency is modulated with at least two frequency ramps. A device detects the receiving signals from the objects and determines the respective straight lines and the intersecting points of these straight lines in a speed-distance diagram. A sorting device sorts out the intersecting points from fixed targets and the related straight lines. A device outputs the distances and/or the speeds, which correspond to the other intersecting points.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calibrating range in a radar system. Due mainly to temperature changes in a radar system which cause frequency deviation error, range errors can be introduced into the radar system, thus adversely affecting the determination of the position of targets relative to the host platform. These range errors can be corrected by detecting and accurately estimating the frequency deviation error of a radar system. The present invention improves target position determination performance in a radar system by reducing errors introduced by the frequency deviation error. The present invention relies upon the observation that the Doppler range rate is largely unaffected by frequency deviation error, and thus, is approximately equal to the actual range rate. In accordance with a first range calibration technique of the present invention, the radar system measures the range, Doppler range rate, and azimuth angle of a target during at least two successive time instances.

Abstract: An FM-CW radar is provided which may be employed in anti-collision systems or cruise control systems installed in moving objects such as automotive vehicles. The radar produces a first spectrum using a portion of a beat signal in a frequency rising range wherein the frequency of the radar wave increases and a second spectrum using a portion of the beat signal in a frequency falling range wherein the frequency of the radar wave decreases and moves the second spectrum by frequency shifts which are determined as a function of the speed of a radar-mounted vehicle and corrected for compensating various errors involved in measuring the speed of the vehicle to form spectrum groups each consisting of the frequency components moved by one of the corrected frequency shifts and frequency components in the other of the first and second spectra. The radar selects an optimum one of the spectrum groups for use in determining target data.

Abstract: An electronic article surveillance system responsive to the distance to a target within an interrogation zone is provided. The interrogation zone is defined by an electromagnetic field generated with a known level and transmitted by at least one antenna. A target within the interrogation zone can be any object, such as a person or shopping cart, within the interrogation zone. The target may include an EAS marker securable to an article for passage through the interrogation zone. The EAS marker is detectable at a frequency when in the electromagnetic field, and is detected by EAS detection equipment, as known in the art. The target within the interrogation zone is detected, and the distance from the antenna to the target is measured. The level of the electromagnetic field is controlled according to the distance to the target within the interrogation zone. The output level is adjusted to according to the distance to the target.

Abstract: Height-wise positions of objects are detected on the basis of distances to the objects from a vehicle, angles of the objects in a width-wise direction of the vehicle, and angles of the objects in a height-wise direction of the vehicle. A plurality of objects, which satisfy conditions predetermined depending on physical characteristics of delineators, are determined to be objects composing a delineator group. When the detected height-wise position of an object in the delineator group which is nearest to the vehicle corresponds to a predetermined value or less, the delineator group is determined to be a delineator group on a road surface. A determination is made as to whether each object in the on-road-surface delineator group is a non-delineator in response to conditions of the detected height-wise positions of the objects in the on-road-surface delineator group.

Abstract: A motion detector combines an FCC approved homodyne pulsed range-gated radar (“RGR”) detector (10) and a PIR detector (158). Narrow microwave pulses are transmitted at a predetermined pulse repetition frequency (“PRF”) and the pulses are reflected by a target. The RGR detector senses the presence of moving human sized objects within predetermined ranges. Moving objects beyond the ranges are not sensed. The RGR detector employs a pulsed microwave oscillator (12) that is triggered by a system clock (14) and immediately retriggered after a 3 to 100 nanosecond delay (20). The duration of each pulse is 3 to 20 nanoseconds with a half-sine envelope shape. The RGR employs a homodyne detector (36) and shares an antenna (38) with the transmitter. The receiver range is determined by the delay imposed between the transmitted pulses, the first being a transmitted pulse and the second being a local oscillator pulse. Each received 5.8 GHz pulse is mixed down to a baseband by the homodyne detector.

Abstract: A signal-processing method for a motor-vehicle radar arrangement is specified, which method provides more extensive information on the traffic situation in observation direction by evaluating echo signals deflected at the road surface.

Abstract: In order to produce relative velocity signals in accordance with the relative velocity between a following and a preceding vehicle, a Doppler signal transmitter, which targets the preceding vehicle, is attached to the following vehicle. The thus obtained Doppler signals impinge on a signal processor which analyzes the frequency spectrum of the Doppler signal. Velocity signals are formed from the frequencies within this frequency spectrum, which frequencies lie outside the range of those frequencies caused by the velocity of the following vehicle moving relative to the surface.

Abstract: A system (10) for determining the range between a missile (14) and a target (18) adapted for use with a semi-active missile system. The system (10) includes a first circuit (12) for generating a periodic signal (24) that is periodically frequency modulated. A second circuit (16) determines a closing rate at which the missile 14 is approaching the target 18 via the periodic signal 24. A third circuit (16) determines a value containing information corresponding to the range and the closing rate via the periodic signal. A fourth circuit (16) determines the range from the closing rate and the value. In a specific embodiment, the first circuit (12) includes an illumination system (12). The illumination system (12) includes a periodically modulated carrier signal generator (32) that generates the periodic signal (24). The periodically modulated carrier signal generator (32) includes a frequency source, a frequency modulator, and an illumination system computer.

Abstract: A method of determining relative motion between a base station and an RF Tag is disclosed, wherein a property of the RF field at the position of the tag is determined at a first time and at a second time and is used to calculate the relative motion.

Abstract: The present position of a previously recognized stationary object group (SOp) is estimated based on past position data and the movement of the traveling vehicle during a past time (&Dgr;T). A clearance (Mwr, Mwl) between a traveling vehicle (Mx) and an adjacent stationary object group (Mxr, Mxl) is obtained based on the estimated position data. A clearance (Twr, Twl) between a preceding vehicle (Tx) and an adjacent stationary object group (Txr, Txl) is obtained based on the estimated position data and the position data of the preceding vehicle. A same lane judgement is performed to judge whether the traveling vehicle (VM) and the preceding vehicle (VT) are traveling on a same traffic lane based on at least one of the detected clearances (Mwr, Mwl, Twr, Twl).

Abstract: A series of police doppler single mode radars and a multimode police doppler radar, all with direction sensing capability are disclosed. A quadrature front end which mixes received RF with a local oscillator to generate two channels of doppler signals, one channel being shifted by an integer multiple of 90 degrees in phase relative to the other by shifting either the RF or the local oscillator signal being fed to one mixer but not the other. The two doppler signals are digitized and the samples are processed by a digital signal processor programmed to find one or more selected target speeds. Single modes disclosed are: stationary strongest target; stationary, fastest target; stationary, strongest and fastest targets; moving, strongest, opposite lane; moving, strongest, same lane; moving, fastest, opposite lane; moving, fastest and strongest, opposite lane; moving, fastest, same lane; moving fastest and strongest, same lane.

Abstract: A radar system including a means for distinguishing signals returned from (i.e., reflected by) objects that are stationary with respect to earth (i.e., "stationary objects") from signals returned from objects that are moving along with a host vehicle (i.e., the vehicle upon which the radar system is mounted). The system includes a radar antenna having a relatively narrow beam width centered at a "squint" angle .theta.. When the antenna is aimed such that the center of the beam is at a squint angle of .theta.=60.degree., the Doppler frequency of signals that are reflected from targets that are stationary along the roadside is significantly higher than the frequency of signals reflected from targets that are in the blind spot to the right-rear of the host vehicle and which are moving along with the host vehicle.

Abstract: A meteorological radar apparatus which calculates a shift of the pulse synchronization of a transmission pulse signal output from a transmission unit and corrects the transmission timing of the transmission pulse signal based on the shift of the pulse synchronization so that the Doppler velocity of a reference target becomes zero, thereby preventing deterioration in the measurement accuracy of the Doppler velocity caused by the shift of the pulse synchronization of the transmission pulse signal.

Abstract: A radio communication system includes an Interrogator for generating and transmitting a radio signal. One or more Tags contained within the radio communication system receive the radio signal. A Backscatter Modulator modulates the reflection of the radio signal using a subcarrier signal, thereby forming a reflected modulated signal. The Interrogator receives and demodulates the reflected modulated signal. Based upon the characteristics of the demodulated signal, the Interrogator can determine the identity of the Tag, and the relative velocity of the Tag with respect to the Interrogator. The Interrogator can also determine if motion exists in the vicinity of the Interrogator, even when no Tag is present, without the need for a separate motion detection system. The characteristics of the demodulated signal, can also be used to determine the characteristics of motion of the Tag, such as the vibrational frequency.

Abstract: A digital signal processor (DSP) traffic radar utilizing pulses from the patrol vehicle's electronic speedometer to steer the DSP's search of Doppler return information for the patrol vehicle's radar return signal, to improve target identification and minimize inaccuracies. In moving mode, when the patrol vehicle comes to a stop, no pulses are received by the DSP and therefore the patrol speed is set to zero, eliminating false association with other moving targets.

Abstract: A Doppler-based radar system used to determine the speed of a selected moving target includes an array of selectable filters and related method for determining the speed of the selected moving target traveling in the same lane as a moving patrol vehicle supporting the radar system independent of the direction of the target relative to the platform. This allows the speed of the target vehicles traveling in the same lane and in the same direction as the patrol vehicle to be monitored without manual assistance from the operator. The radar system is further adapted in a stationary mode of operation to determine the speed of a selected moving target independent of the location of the patrol vehicle. This is accomplished by selectively filtering either all approaching or receding targets depending upon the traffic scenario.

Abstract: A method for detecting and tracking turns of a maneuvering target comprises the steps of determining first and second radar information of the maneuvering target. The first and second radar information and a set of target speeds are used to determine a set of turn radii for the maneuvering target. The first and second radar information and a set of target arc speeds are used to determine a second set of turn radii for the maneuvering target. The set of turn radii and the set of target speeds define a speed-radius curve, and the second set of turn radii and the set of target arc speeds define an arc speed-radius curve. An intersection of the speed-radius and arc speed-radius curves is located, and the intersection is used to determine whether the maneuvering target has made a turn.

Abstract: The watching apparatus is provided with a radar probe, and is made such as to detect the presence of human beings. The radar probe includes a command unit and a branching element, inserted between an oscillator circuit and a transmitter stage, as well as a superposing circuit (5), in which a signal, derived from the radar transmitter, is superposed with an echo signal received by a receiver stage. The radar probe is made such as to work as an interference radar, and a delay circuit is inserted into the transmitter-receiver path between the branching element and the superposing circuit in order to increase the travelling time of the radar signal with respect to the branched off signal.

Abstract: In the case of this radar sensor, a phase shifter is inserted between a microwave generator and an antenna and can be switched over between two phases. A demodulator (DM) demodulates the received reflected signal, which has superimposed on it the microwave signal which originates from the microwave generator. A de-multiplexer (DEMUX) which is connected downstream of the demodulator (DM) separates the two phase-shifted demodulated signals. The measurement result is largely noise-free.

Abstract: An FM-CW radar transceiver comprising an oscillator connected to an input of a power divider having first and second terminal outputs. The first terminal output of the power divider is connected to an input of a first diode and a first shorted stub. The second terminal output of the power divider is connected to an input of a phase shifter with the output of the phase shifter connected to an input of a second diode and a second shorted stub. The outputs of the first and second diodes are each connected to inputs of first and second intermediate frequency (IF) filters and then through first and second IF blocking structures terminating at a common antenna port. An open stub is connected to the common antenna port with the outputs of the first and second IF filters each connected to an IF port or channel. In use, the FM-CW transceiver operates as a frequency multiplier for transmitting, and simultaneously as a subharmonically pumped "I/Q" mixer for reception.

Abstract: A device for measuring the velocity of vehicles for traffic monitoring a doppler signal transmitter and receiver is used which comprises two mixer diodes arranged to deliver two doppler signals which are dephased against each other by 90.degree., the one or the other signal leading the other, depending on whether the picked up vehicle approaches or recedes from the doppler signal transmitter is fed into a frequency measuring device for measuring the signal frequency as a quantitative measure for the relative velocity between vehicle and doppler signal transmitter. For this purpose one signal of the doppler signal transmitter and receiver 10 is fed into a phase control circuit 34, the output frequency of which is converted into a voltage proportional to the relative velocity between doppler signal transmitter 10 and monitored vehicle. Furthermore, the two signals of the doppler signal transmitter and receiver are fed into a phase detector 26.

Abstract: A speed measuring apparatus includes: a modulation circuit for carrying out a direct spread modulation with respect to a transmission carrier signal using coded two-phase random signals; an antenna unit for transmitting the modulated transmission carrier signal as a radio-wave toward an object and for receiving a reflected wave from the object; a demodulation circuit for demodulating a signal corresponding to the received reflected wave using the transmission carrier signal, to thereby generate intermediate frequency signals; a correlation circuit for making correlation between the intermediate frequency signals and signals each having the same code as that of the coded two-phase random signal and having a phase delayed by a predetermined time; a Doppler detecting unit for extracting from an output signal of the correlation circuit a Doppler frequency component contained in a signal which has been propagated by way of a propagation path existing in a specified distance range, and for generating speed informat

Abstract: A police radar utilizing digital data transmission from the antenna unit to a separately housed counting and display unit. The antenna has a double balanced mixer to suppress even order harmonics. The counting and display unit has a computer programmed to perform digital signal processing on the digital data received from the antenna to improve the quality and accuracy of calculated speeds for patrol speed, strongest target speed and fastest target speed. Fastest target speed can be displayed simultaneously with strongest target speed. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress false signals caused by double and triple bounce, harmonics, intermodulation products, video display terminal interference, etc.

Abstract: A police radar utilizing digital data transmission from the antenna unit to a separately housed counting and display unit. The antenna has a double balanced mixer to suppress even order harmonics. The counting and display unit has a computer programmed to perform digital signal processing on the digital data received from the antenna to improve the quality and accuracy of calculated speeds for patrol speed, strongest target speed and fastest target speed. Fastest target speed can be displayed simultaneously with strongest target speed. Signal processing techniques are used to suppress false signals caused by double and triple bounce, harmonics, intermodulation products, video display terminal interference, etc.

Abstract: In a system for detecting the position and trajectory of a target, Doppler measurements from a bistatic continuous wave radar system are used exclusively to provide information about the target. Radar signals are transmitted to the target by a plurality of transmitters and at least one receiver is provided to receive the signals from the target and make Doppler measurements. A nonlinear least squares estimator is used to estimate the initial target position and a Kalman filter is used to predict the target trajectory from the initial position assumed by the NLS estimator and from the Doppler measurements. The Kalman filter also generates a set of predicted Doppler measurements from the predicted trajectory. The nonlinear least squares estimator is used to compute a correction to the estimated initial position from partial differentials of the initial position and from the differences between the predicted and actual Doppler measurements.

Abstract: The invention provides a circuit for analyzing backscatter-modulated RF signals received from a remote transponder to determine whether the transponder is stationary or moving toward the reader or away from it and, if moving, the rate at which the transponder is coming or going. The circuit of the invention can be integrated with existing readers of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,328 and requires only a single antenna. In response to the signal received from a transponder, the invention circuit generates three signals, each having a different phase. By analyzing the pattern and frequency of signal state changes in the three signals, the invention can determine the transponder's speed and direction of movement.

Abstract: A continuous wave radar for detecting a relative velocity between a target and a mobile object where the radar is loaded, and for detecting whether the mobile object is relatively approaching to or separating from the target. The radar has a hybrid circuit for branching an oscillation signal of a fixed frequency outputted from an oscillator into two oscillation signals. A transmitting antenna is provided for irradiating one of the oscillation signals branched by the hybrid circuit, and a receiving antenna is provided for receiving radio waves reflected from the target. The continuous wave radar further has an image cancel mixer for detecting, on the basis of the frequency of the other oscillation signal branched by the hybrid circuit, a first signal of an upper sideband frequency and a second signal of a lower sideband frequency of the received signal obtained via the receiving antenna.

Abstract: A pulse-compression, MTI, doppler-radar system for determining target velty information from a single target-return pulse is improved by the addition of a pulse-compression filter consisting of at least two pulse compressors and by the addition of a phase-comparison processor. The pulse compressors simultaneously pulse-compress separate portions of the single target-return pulse. The phase-comparison processor then determines the phase difference between the compressed pulses to obtain the target velocity information.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for providing information which may be used in making traffic management decisions for limited access highways is disclosed. The method and apparatus employs microwave radar to obtain information bearing signals which are processed to determine the vehicle direction and speed. The apparatus includes the capability of emulating in-the-road or on-the-road sensors to provide output pulse pairs which appear as if generated by switch closures. The method and apparatus also has the capability of providing "wake-up" signals commensurate with a predetermined number of consecutive vehicles which pass a preselected point traveling at an abnormally low speed. Because the method and apparatus are vehicle direction sensitive, the capability of monitoring traffic flow by looking across lanes is also present.