Abstract: In an in-cabin radar apparatus, transmitting antennas are disposed at one side in a direction parallel to a control circuit and disposed in a line in a vertical direction, and receiving antennas are disposed at one side in a direction perpendicular to the control unit and disposed in a line in a horizontal direction. Each transmission side feed line may be perpendicularly connected to one of the transmitting antennas, and each receiving side feed line may be perpendicularly connected to one of the receiving antennas. Each of a distance between the transmitting antennas and a distance between the receiving antennas may be implemented to be less than or equal to half of a transmitting and receiving wavelength.

Abstract: A radar apparatus is provided having an antenna that has a frequency-dependent directional characteristic. The radar apparatus includes a transmitter circuit designed to generate a first frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) frequency ramp having a first center frequency and at least one second FMCW frequency ramp having a second center frequency, which is different than the first center frequency. The transmitter circuit is configured to drive the antenna using the first FMCW frequency ramp to produce a first directional characteristic for the at least one antenna, and to drive the antenna using the at least one second FMCW frequency ramp to produce a second directional characteristic for the antenna, where the second directional characteristic is different from the first directional characteristic. It is thus possible to exploit an antenna squinting effect in order to increase an angular resolution.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a base station antenna, comprising: a plurality of first radiating elements that are arranged as a first vertically-extending array; a plurality of second radiating elements that are arranged as a second vertically-extending array, where the second radiating elements are staggered in the vertical direction with respect to the first radiating elements; wherein phase centers in an azimuth plane for first sub-arrays of the first radiating elements are substantially the same as phase centers in the azimuth plane for respective third sub-arrays of the second radiating elements, and wherein the first sub-arrays each have a first number of first radiating elements and the third sub-arrays each have a second number of second radiating elements, the first number being different than the second number. This can effectively improve the pattern of the base station antenna.

Abstract: A radar includes a transmitter antenna unit that includes multiple transmitter antennas; a receiver antenna unit that includes a first receiver antenna group including multiple first receiver antennas and multiple second receiver antennas arranged at a first horizontal interval and a second receiver antenna group including multiple third receiver antennas arranged at one or more second horizontal intervals; a transceiver that transmits sending signals through the transmitter antenna unit and receives returning signals reflected from a target object trough the receiver antenna unit; and a processing unit that derives information about the target object by processing the received returning signals.

Abstract: In a direction estimator, a horizontal array maximum likelihood estimator calculates first maximum likelihood values corresponding to NW angles in a first direction by performing a maximum likelihood estimation process on the first direction using signals received by a first virtual linear array and extracts first candidate angles of arrival of incoming waves in the first direction. A vertical array maximum likelihood estimator calculates second maximum likelihood values corresponding to the NW angles in a second direction by performing a maximum likelihood estimation process on the second direction using signals received by a second virtual linear array and extracts second candidate angles of arrival of incoming waves in the second direction. A horizontal/vertical maximum likelihood estimator estimates, using the first and second candidate angles of arrival, angles of arrival of the NW incoming waves in a two-dimensional plane extending in the first and second directions.

Abstract: An array of antennas form a sensor device. Some of the array of antennas function as receivers and some of the array of antennas function as transmitters. Each of the transmitters may transmit a unique frequency orthogonal signal that may be received at the receivers. Measurements of the received signal are then used to determine a hand motion.

Abstract: The present provides a radar apparatus and an antenna for the radar apparatus. Further, a first transmitting antenna group and a first receiving antenna group are constituted by elongating some of a plurality of transmitting antennas and a plurality of receiving antennas in a first direction of vertical directions, a second transmitting antenna group and a second receiving antenna group are constituted by elongating the other antennas in a second direction opposite to the first direction, transmitting antennas to transmit transmission signals and receiving antennas to receive reflection signals reflected from an object are appropriately selected, thereby being able to improve horizontal and vertical angular resolving power in both of mid/long-range sensing and short-range sensing.

Abstract: The present invention is a dual Ka-band, compact, high efficiency CP antenna cluster with dual band compact diplexers-polarizers that can be used as a basic building block for mobile satellite antenna arrays that require minimal dimensions and high efficiency.

Abstract: A phased array antenna panel includes a plurality of antennas and a master chip. The antennas are arranged in a plurality of antenna rows. At least one antenna row in the plurality of antenna rows is configured to be slanted in a desired angle based on signals received from the master chip. Additionally, the phased array antenna panel can include a plurality of row-shaped lenses. At least one row-shaped lens has a corresponding antenna row, and is configured to increase a gain of the corresponding antenna row. The row-shaped lens can increase a total gain of the phased array antenna panel. The row-shaped lens is configured to be slanted in a desired angle based on signals received from the master chip.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems relating to drone-assisted mesh network design are disclosed. Exemplary methods for wireless networking and communications may include identifying a geographic area, receiving topographic data obtained by an unmanned air vehicle at a first predetermined height, the topographic data relating to the geographic area, analyzing the topographic data to identify one or more characteristics, determining a location relating to a first wireless network device based at least in part on the analyzing, and determining one or more locations each relating to one or more other wireless network devices within the geographic area based at least in part on the location relating to the first wireless network device.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, a waveguide combiner/divider comprises: a first waveguide including a first major ridge extending to a waveguide junction; a second waveguide including a second major ridge extending to the waveguide junction, the second major ridge connected to the first major ridge at a major ridge junction within the waveguide junction; and a third waveguide including a third major ridge extending to the waveguide junction, the third major ridge connected to the major ridge junction via a major ridge transition section, the major ridge transition section having a major ridge transition section height within the waveguide junction that is less than heights of the first major ridge and second major ridge.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a dual-feed dual-polarized antenna element and a method for manufacturing the same. An embodiment dual-polarization antenna element includes four radiating elements and eight feed ports. The four radiating elements are arranged in a co-planar diamond pattern. The neighboring elements of the four radiating elements form four shared-element dipole antenna elements. Each of the four radiating elements is shared between two cross-polarized dipole antenna elements of the four shared-element dipole antenna elements. The eight feed ports are arranged in four cross-polarized dual-feed pairs respectively disposed on the four radiating elements. Each feed port of the four cross-polarized dual-feed pairs is operable to respectively excite one of the four radiating elements for a cross-polarized one of the four shared-element dipole antenna elements.

Abstract: An antenna array system can comprise an array of antenna elements, a near-field probe (NFP) arranged in a vicinity of the antenna elements, and a processor coupled to the array of antenna elements and to the NFP. The processor can be configured to dynamically switch the antenna array system, while deployed on an operational platform, from an operation mode to a calibration mode, and calibrate the array of antenna elements according to a receive (RX) calibration sub-mode or a transmit (TX) calibration sub-mode. In the RX calibration sub-mode, the processor can be configured to adjust at least one signal reception parameter associated with at least one receiving antenna element of the array of antenna elements. In the TX calibration sub-mode, the processor can be configured to adjust at least one signal transmission parameter associated with at least one transmitting antenna element of the array of antenna elements.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems relating to narrow beam communications and wireless networking are disclosed. Exemplary methods for wireless networking and communications may include identifying a geographic area, receiving topography data related to the geographic area, analyzing the topography data, identifying a first line of sight path related to a first access point location and one or more customer premises device locations based at least in part on the analyzing, and identifying a second line of sight path based at least in part on a predetermined amount.

Abstract: An image acquisition system for machine vision systems decouples image acquisition from the transmission of the image to a host processor by using a programmable imager controller to selectively disable and enable the transmission of data to the host and by using a system of buffers to temporarily store image data pending allocation of memory. This enables the image acquisition system to acquire images asynchronously and to change the exposure parameters on a frame-by-frame basis without the latency associated with the allocation of memory for storage of the acquired image. The system architecture of the invention further permits interruption and resumption of image acquisition with minimal likelihood of missing data. Data throughput is further enhanced by transmitting to the host only that data corresponding to the region of interest within the image and discarding the data from outside of the region of interest at the camera stage.

Abstract: One or more embodiments are directed to a multimode antenna structure for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals in a communications device. The communications device includes circuitry for processing signals communicated to and from the antenna structure. The antenna structure is configured for optimal operation in a given frequency range. The antenna structure includes a plurality of antenna ports operatively coupled to the circuitry, and a plurality of antenna elements, each operatively coupled to a different one of the antenna ports. Each of the plurality of antenna elements is configured to have an electrical length selected to provide optimal operation within the given frequency range. The antenna structure also includes one or more connecting elements electrically connecting the antenna elements such that electrical currents on one antenna element flow to a connected neighboring antenna element and generally bypass the antenna port coupled to the neighboring antenna element.

Abstract: A device for detecting an azimuth has a transmission array antenna having plural transmission antenna elements arrayed along an array axis and a receiving array antenna having plural receiving antenna elements arrayed along the array axis. A reception signal is acquired for each of channels by transmitting and receiving a search wave through each of the channels. The channels are arbitrary combinations of each of the transmission antenna elements and each of the receiving antenna elements. A first spatial frequency analysis is performed along the array axis of either ones of the transmission antenna elements and the receiving antenna elements using the reception signal. A second spatial frequency analysis is then performed along the array axis of the other ones of the antenna elements using results of the first spatial frequency analysis. An azimuth of a target is determined based on analysis results from the second spatial frequency analysis.

Abstract: An electromagnetic transmitter arrangement includes an antenna line array or subarray defining at least first and second ends, and including first, second, third, fourth, and fifth antenna elements, arranged with the first antenna element at the first end, the fifth element at the second end, the third element at the center, the second element between the first and third elements, and the fourth element between the third and fifth elements. Multiple (N) corresponding radio frequency sources are provided, each source communicating with a respective antenna element along a given radio-frequency signal path extending from the given signal source to the given antenna element, and where a first signal source generates signals at frequency f0, and each of the N?1 additional sources generate signals at frequencies of f0±(N?1)?f, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 5.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for processing electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves are transmitted in a selected direction toward a target object from a first array of antenna elements. Scattered electromagnetic waves generated from the electromagnetic waves are received at a first portion of a second array of antenna elements configured to receive the scattered electromagnetic waves in a first direction with respect to the selected direction and at a second portion of the second array of antenna elements configured to receive the scattered electromagnetic waves in a second direction with respect to the selected direction. First information in the scattered electromagnetic waves received by the first portion is subtracted from second information in the scattered electromagnetic waves received by the second portion to form difference data. An elevation angle is identified between a direction of the target object and the selected direction using the difference data.

Abstract: An antenna system including: an input port configured to receive tracking mode signals, in two orthogonal polarisations, from a target; a tracking coupler, configured to receive the tracking mode signals from the input port, the tracking coupler including: a first pair of opposed slot couplers configured to extract tracking signals from the tracking mode signals in a first one of the orthogonal polarisations, and a second pair of opposed slot couplers configured to extract tracking signals from the tracking mode signals in a second one of the orthogonal polarisations; and a tracking combiner network configured to combine the extracted tracking signals from the pairs of opposed slot couplers to generate tracking output signals for use in controlling the antenna system to track the target.

Abstract: A scheduling method in a distributed antenna system is provided. Each of a plurality of Mobile Stations (MSs), respectively corresponding to each subchannel, are classified as a Single Transmission (ST) MS or a Cooperative Transmission (CT) MS according to a CT criterion. An MS with a maximum channel capacity is selected from among the classified MSs. Resources are allocated to a corresponding subchannel when the selected MS is the ST MS, and resources are allocated using a CT scheduling technique when the selected MS is the CT MS. The classifying, selecting and allocating steps are repeated until allocation of resources is completed.

Abstract: A radar apparatus including a transmit/receive antenna having a plurality of channels, a comparator coupled to the antenna channels for providing receive signal sum and difference channels, a radar receiver, a coupler for coupling the sum and difference channels to the radar receiver, a radar transmitter for providing a signal to be transmitted, a coupler for coupling the transmitter to a cross-channel port of the comparator, and an adjuster for adjusting a phase length of at least one antenna channel so that when the apparatus is transmitting, the transmitted signals from the antenna channels have a specified relative phase relationship.

Abstract: An antenna architecture for hemispherically-scanning active electronically scanned arrays (AESA). The antenna architecture utilizes variable diameter disks of antenna elements configured in a conical implementation. The antenna elements are oriented such that the element boresight is normal to the surface of the conical structure. Beamforming takes place on each disk first, and them separately in combining the signals from each disk, thereby reducing complexity. The antenna optionally utilizes disks of antenna elements of the same diameter to form a cylindrical antenna, which when combined with a conical configuration create enhanced sectors while maintaining a hemispherical coverage capability. Further, use of two conical configurations can produce a fully spherical coverage capability.

Abstract: Radar sensor for motor vehicles, having a transmitting and receiving device for microwaves, in which beam-shaping devices which are independent of one another are provided for the azimuth and the elevation, and the beam-shaping device for the elevation has a cylindrical lens.

Abstract: A radar device including: a reception antenna that receives radio waves, includes at least three antennas and is arranged so that the phase center points thereof form an isosceles triangle; an arrival direction detection unit that detects an arrival direction of the radio waves by a phase monopulse method; and a phase correction unit that corrects a phase difference between phases of radio waves respectively received by two adjacent antennas among the three antennas based on the relationship of the phases of the radio waves respectively received by the three antennas.

Abstract: A signal branch for use in a communication system, in particular in a reflector antenna, for the transmission of microwave signals is provided. The signal branch includes a common signal wave guide for transmitting a transmission signal and a received signal that has one first end and one second end as well as an exterior and interior. Moreover, a plurality of transmission signal wave guides is provided for feeding the transmission signal, with the transmission signal wave guides being disposed on the exterior of the common signal wave guide in a symmetrically distributed manner and each being communicatively connected to the common signal wave guide. A plurality of receiver signal wave guides is provided for transmitting the received signal, with the receiver signal wave guides being symmetrically adjacent to the second end of the common signal wave guide and each being communicatively connected to the common signal wave guide.

Abstract: Method of automatic target angle tracking by sum-and-difference monopulse radar covers radiolocation sphere and specifically monopulse direction finding systems. It can be used in order to increase guidance accuracy, for example, for anti aircraft missiles and of unmanned aerial vehicles to radar targets such as: radio beacons; aerial vehicles reflecting the radio signal that illuminates them; aerial vehicles and ground-based devices radiating radio signals and jamming signals. The aim of the method consists in the assurance of reliability and stability and in the enhancement of guidance accuracy of automatic target angle tracking due to elimination of automatic tracking losses and great errors arising during the influence of the signals of orthogonal polarization or polarization close to it. The proposed method provides full protection from polarization jamming for all types of monopulse radars.

Abstract: In a conventional automotive radar, a return occurs in a phase difference characteristic necessary for a super-resolution method, resulting in an increase of a detection error, or an extremely narrowed azimuth detection range. A transmitting array antenna, and receiving array antennas are composed of antenna elements respectively, and aligned in a horizontal direction. The weighting of receiving sensitivities of the antenna elements of the receiving array antenna 1 is A1, A2, A3, and A4, which are monotonically decreased from an inner side toward an outer side as represented by A1?A2?A3?A4. On the other hand, the receiving array antenna 3 is symmetrical with the receiving array antenna with respect to the receiving array antenna 1.

Abstract: A surveillance apparatus (100) is provided, said apparatus including a linear sub-array (101) of N omnidirectional transmitter elements (103) and a planar sub-array (102) of M receiver elements (104). A plurality of the transient elements (105) are generated by separating out at each of the receivers (104) the signals transmitted from the antenna elements (103) of the transmitter sub-array (101). This allows the geometry of each path (from each transmitter antenna element, to the point being imaged and back to the receiver antenna elements) to be converted to a delay or phase shift to focus on the particular point being imaged. The transient elements (105) form a cylindrical array (106) at the mid points between transmitter and receiver sub-arrays. Such a configuration enables a full 360 degrees of cover in azimuth and typically +/?60 degrees in elevation.

Abstract: A radar apparatus comprising a transmit/receive antenna having a plurality of channels, comparator means coupled to the antenna channels for providing receive signal sum and difference channels, a radar receiver, means coupling the sum and difference channels to the radar receiver, a radar transmitter for providing a signal to be transmitted, means coupling the transmitter to a cross-channel port of the comparator means, and means for adjusting a phase length of at least one antenna channel so that when the apparatus is transmitting, the transmitted signals from the antenna channels have a required relative phase relationship.

Abstract: A proposed spread spectrum signal receiver includes a radio front-end unit and a processing unit. The radio front-end unit, in turn, has an antenna, a digitizing circuit and a primary buffer unit. The antenna is adapted to receive radio signals (SHF) from a plurality of signal sources, and the digitizing circuit is adapted to downconvert and filter the received signals (SHF), and generate sample values (SBP-D) thereof. The primary buffer unit is adapted to temporarily store the sample values (SBP-D) from the digitizing circuit and allow the processing unit to read out a first set of stored sample values (SBP-D) contemporaneously with the storing of a second set of sample values (SBP-D) in the primary buffer unit. The processing unit is adapted to receive the sample values (SBP-D) from the primary buffer unit, and based thereon, produce position/time related data (DPT).

Abstract: An antenna is provided, in combination with an associated switch array, the antenna comprising a number of antenna elements mounted above a ground plane for providing coverage over a predetermined range of angles in azimuth using a number of beams. Each of the antenna elements is connected to a switch in the switch array and the switch array is operable to connect selected pairs of the antenna elements to a signal path to thereby generate each of the different beams, at the same time connecting unselected antenna elements to ground.

Abstract: A near field microwave scanning system includes a switched array of antenna elements forming an array surface, a scan surface substantially parallel to the array surface and separated by a distance less than about 1 wavelength of the measured frequency, and a processing engine for obtaining and processing near field data, without the use of an absorber.

Abstract: A surface acoustic wave (SAW) expander based transmitter and correlator based receiver comprises SAW devices that perform expander or correlator functions based on the types of signals inputted to the SAW devices. The SAW devices incorporate chirp with adaptive interference and programmable coding capabilities. The SAW devices and method of operating the devices allow the implementation of very low power radios that overcome problems with temperature drift, lithography constraints and interference and jamming suffered by prior art implementations.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a radar antenna are provided. The method includes generating a first single beam antenna pattern, generating a second single beam antenna pattern and transmitting the first and second single beam antenna patterns. The method further includes using phase detection to determine angular information for a detected object based on a phase difference of received signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spread spectrum clock generator which includes: a first delay control type oscillator that variably controls an oscillation period at a control period interval according to a control signal; a control circuit; a maximum modulation value determination circuit that determines a maximum modulation value from a predetermined value, a frequency control signal, and a given modulation degree setting signal; a modulation signal generation circuit that receives the maximum modulation value from the maximum modulation value determination circuit and generates a modulation control signal within the maximum modulation value; and a second delay control type oscillator that receives a value obtained by adding the modulation control signal from the modulation signal generation circuit to the frequency control signal as a control signal and variably controls the oscillation period of an output clock signal at the control period interval according to the control signal.

Abstract: Channel quality can be detected accurately in a wireless transmission system such as an HSDPA method. In the case of estimating a channel quality of a signal transmitted by a Code Division Multiple Access method and of estimating the channel quality in a system having a synchronization channel not orthogonal to a channel receiving data, a noise component of a desired channel is estimated; degree of a noise component caused by the synchronization channel is estimated with respect to the estimated noise; and a channel quality of a receiving channel is detected based on the estimated degree of the noise component.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for channel estimation and CP reconstruction in an OFDM-STBC mobile communication system are provided. An ISI canceller cancels ISI signal components from first and second received symbol sequences. A cyclicity restorer cancels ICI signal components from the ISI-cancelled first received symbol sequence and the ISI-cancelled second received symbol sequence. A recoverer acquires the recovered sequence estimates of the ICI-cancelled first received symbol sequence and the ICI-cancelled second received symbol sequence by decoding. The ICI cancellation of the ISI-cancelled first and second received symbol sequences and the ISI cancellation of the second received symbol sequence are iterated a predetermined number of times.

Abstract: A code division multiple access (CDMA) communication system using spread spectrum signaling over a communication bandwidth uses two different signal spectra generated using two different respective spreading code formats, such as NRZ code formatting and staggered Manchester code formatting, for respectively providing nonsplit spectra having a center peak and split spectra having a center null. The spectra are combined during transmission as a CDMA communication signal having a composite spectrum. The use of different code formats produces the composite spectrum of respective center peak and center null spectra that enables increased channel capacity.

Abstract: The invention provides an adaptive frequency hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS) transmission system and method, which efficiently utilizes available transmission bandwidth, whilst providing robustness to jamming techniques in wireless communication systems. The proposed technique operates by transmitting a wide-band signal over multiple, single-carrier, parallel transmission subbands, which may occupy non-contiguous frequency regions. The proposed scheme exhibits significant gain in error rate performance, as compared to a data rate equivalent single-subband system in the presence of signal jamming and/or interference without a reduction in the transmission data rate nor an increase in transmitter power. In addition, the proposed system and method are adaptive and enable more efficient use of the available bandwidth for communicating, thus increasing the overall bandwidth utilization of the system.

Abstract: A method and a standard radio wave receiver for receiving a plurality of standard radio waves respectively having signal configurations in accordance with respective specifications which define carrier channels and formats and for decoding time code signals carried by the standard radio waves. The method extracts at least part of a bit waveform common to the specifications as a extracted signal from a waveform of each of the time code signals given by each of the carrier channels, synchronizes bits to each of the time code signals in accordance with the extracted signal, determines an evaluation index indicating good or bad of a reception condition for each of the carrier channels from the bit waveform, and selects a single channel from the carrier channels in accordance with the evaluation index.

Abstract: An ultra wideband (UWB) receiver system operable to process a high order Gaussian pulse includes an integrator group, a correlator circuit and a comparator circuit. The integrator group includes an input coupled to receive the high order Gaussian pulse and an output coupled to the correlator circuit, the integrator group having two or more successively coupled integration stages, each integration stage operable to integrate, over a predefined time period, the signal received thereby, the integrator group operable to output, in response, a lower order Gaussian pulse. The correlator circuit is coupled to receive the lower order Gaussian pulse, and is operable to output a correlated output signal corresponding to the correlation between the lower order Gaussian pulse and a predefined reference signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a spread-signal multiplexing circuit for frequency-multiplexing a plurality of spread signals that were generated in parallel according to the SSMA scheme. An object of the invention is to adapt to various degrees of multiplicity and to keep the SN ratio and the power efficiency high. To this end, a spread-signal multiplexing circuit of the invention comprises an amplitude monitoring part for multiplexing a plurality of spread signals and determining amplitude of a resulting signal in time-series order; a delaying part for delaying the spread signals in parallel by a time that is equal to a propagation delay time of the amplitude monitoring part; and a multiplexing part for generating a multiplexed signal by multiplexing the delayed spread signals while weighting the delayed spread signals in parallel using weights that are smaller as an average value of the determined amplitude is larger.

Abstract: In the method of processing signals, multi-path signals are received, channel estimates for the received multi-path signals are determined, and a combining operation is applied to the multi-path signals, the combining operation being a function of a correlation matrix of the received multi-path signals, a correlation matrix of estimates for channels of the received multi-path signals, a cross-correlation matrix of the channels and channel estimates for the received multi-path signals, and the channel estimates.

Abstract: A method of generating a composite signal includes the steps of: (a) generating a plurality of sub-carriers, each sub-carrier having a different frequency position in a frequency spectrum; (b) generating a plurality of codes; and (c) forming a plurality of code combinations from the plurality of codes generated in step (b). The method also includes the steps of (d) first modulating each sub-carrier using a respective one of the code combinations formed in step (c) to form a plurality of modulated sub-carriers; and (e) second modulating in-phase and quadrature components of a base carrier using the plurality of modulated sub-carriers to form the composite signal having multiple carriers. The composite signal is a constant envelope signal, and a single sideband signal.

Abstract: The number of times for averaging operation for averaging a correlation value of a received signal and a reference signal is properly controlled. When the correlation value is not averaged, since a lower limit value TH_A of a correlation level of a distribution of timings of which a path exists is larger than an upper limit value TH_B of a correlation level of a distribution of timings of which a path does not exist, the correlation value of a path is hidden by noise. Since the averaging operation is repeated until the relation of TH_A>TH_B is satisfied, the averaging operation is stopped when the relation is satisfied. The TH_A and TH_B are decided in accordance with RSCP and ISCP of a pilot channel and RSSI of a received base band signal.

Abstract: A method of Partial Parallel Interference Cancellation (PPIC) is provided for recursively eliminating the Multiple Access Interference from a received signal. Such method is to use a recursion way to eliminate all the Multiple Access Interference (MAI) one by one from the received signal. Moreover, the present invention is to take the output of the pre-stage as the input of the present stage with the recursion method so that we can use only one operating circuit to obtain the function the MAI eliminating.

Abstract: An optical subscriber system according to the present invention has an adaptive antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, for controlling the weighting on the antenna elements thereby to radiate beams that are adapted to radio wave environments, a position estimator for estimating the position of a mobile unit, a beam combiner for weighting signals received from the mobile unit by the antenna elements and combining beams, and a weighting coefficient generator for correcting weighting coefficients adapted to radio wave environments, which give initial weights as weights to form nulls in bearings other than the mobile unit based on the position of the mobile unit which has been estimated by the position estimator, for thereby reducing a time required for convergence.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for use in determining the range in a single time sample from a platform to a target are disclosed. The method includes receiving radiation emanating from the target at two points on the platform in a common time sample; detecting the received radiation and generating a signal representative thereof; and processing the signal. The signal is processed to determine a respective angle to target from two points on the platform by using a correlation between received signal amplitude and respective angle; and determine the range from the platform to the target from the respective angles and the separation distance between said two points in a single signal-to-noise sufficient sample. The apparatus includes a plurality of optical channels through which the apparatus can receive radiation emanating from the target, the optical channels and a plurality of electronics.

Abstract: The number of users and data capacity of wireless systems are increased by employing apparatus and method for increasing the number of spreading codes available in the system by providing a mechanism to reuse the already allocated spreading code or use the codes that may correlate to those already being used within the same sector/cell. This, in return, provides capacity improvement proportional to the number of added base station (BS) antennas for each cell. An antenna null steering technique for code allocation maintains the cross correlation properties of the codes only for the desired user and to obtain a gain in capacity improvement.