Abstract: A communications system may include a satellite and user equipment (UE) devices. When the UE devices have uplink (UL) packets to transmit, each UE device may randomly select a time slot within a finite time window associated with a time reference of the satellite. The UE device may identify a path length between itself and the satellite and may generate a timing advance based on the path length, the time reference, and the time slot. The satellite may begin to receive the UL packets within the time window and may search received signals over the time window to identify the UL packets. The satellite may recover data payloads from the identified UL packets and may pass the recovered data payloads up a protocol stack. By limiting the search to the time window, the satellite may correctly distinguish the UL packets while using a minimal amount of processing resources.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present technology generally relate to multi-frequency satellite navigation receiver technology. More specifically, some embodiments relate to an inter-frequency signal aiding technique for multi-frequency signal tracking in a multi-frequency receiver. The present technology enables a satellite navigation receiver (such as GPS) to continue operation, or to have improved performance, in environments where signals on one or more frequency bands experience fading. Some embodiments can estimate parameters of signal channels that experience fading based on measurements obtained from all or other less compromised frequency bands in linear operation by the receiver. Some embodiments can optimally estimate carrier parameters of navigation signals with consideration of relative measurement qualities. These parameters are used to construct the local reference signals, maintain lock on the fading signals, and obtain accurate positioning solutions and remote sensing observations.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for assisting in the location of an engulfed element in a predetermined search zone, implemented by a location assistance system including at least a plurality of patrollers including at least one drone, the method including at least the following steps: arrival of the drone at the predetermined search zone; determination by the drone, of the topography of the predetermined search zone; division of the predetermined search zone into areas, by the drone, depending on the topography and the capabilities of each patroller, and assigning of each area to at least one patroller; searching for the engulfed element in each search zone by the at least one patroller assigned to the area; and periodic inter-patroller communication at least until the at least one engulfed element is located.

Abstract: An antenna assembly has a solar layer having one or more solar cells generating solar power, an antenna layer connected to the solar layer and having electronic components utilizing the solar power generated by the solar layer, and a thermal dissipation device dissipating heat locally at the antenna assembly. A large number of antenna assemblies are connected to form an antenna array in which heat is generated locally at each antenna assembly and dissipated locally at each antenna assembly.

Abstract: For validation of wireless signals, a wireless receiver receives a validation signal that includes information from a target signal. By using digital signature, message authentication code (MAC), and/or hashing, the validation signal is verified to be from a trusted source. By comparing the information from the verified validation signal with the target signal, the target signal is confirmed to be genuine or not a spoofing signal. In one approach, the validation signal is provided from a different transmission source than the target signal. In another approach, modulation estimation rather than known modulation is used as the information for the validation signal for comparison with the target signal despite not knowing the spread pattern of the coding. In yet another approach, a one-way function is used to generate a pseudorandom code to spread a first component of the a first signal below the noise floor. The input to the one-way function is a second component sent at a time later than the time.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a base plate and at least two device chips in which ejection ports for ejecting a liquid are formed and which are disposed on the base plate. At least one first reference mark is provided on the base plate. A second reference mark is provided on each of the device chips. At least one space is formed between adjacent device chips. The second reference marks and the first reference mark present in the space are disposed on an array axis along which the device chips are arrayed.

Abstract: A hybridized system for measuring the attitude of a wearer, the system includes a satellite positioning system; a measurement unit comprising at least one gyrometer; electronics for calculating the attitude information of the wearer from the information originating from the satellite positioning system and the measurement unit. The hybrid system comprises calculation electronics comprising a means for calculating an angular radius of protection, that is to say an angular radius such that the risk that the error between the calculated attitude and the true attitude of the wearer is not included within this radius is less than a given probability, the radius being equal to the sum of two contributions, the first contribution being equal to positioning errors linked to the measurement unit, the second contribution being equal to positioning errors linked to the satellite positioning system.

Abstract: An antenna assembly has a solar layer having one or more solar cells generating solar power, an antenna layer connected to the solar layer and having electronic components utilizing the solar power generated by the solar layer, and a thermal dissipation device dissipating heat locally at the antenna assembly. A large number of antenna assemblies are connected to form an antenna array in which heat is generated locally at each antenna assembly and dissipated locally at each antenna assembly.

Abstract: An antenna assembly has a solar layer having one or more solar cells generating solar power, an antenna layer connected to the solar layer and having electronic components utilizing the solar power generated by the solar layer, and a thermal dissipation device dissipating heat locally at the antenna assembly. A large number of antenna assemblies are connected to form an antenna array in which heat is generated locally at each antenna assembly and dissipated locally at each antenna assembly.

Abstract: A method of receiving two chip-by-chip multiplexed CSK signals (e.g., GNSS signals) and searching for a non-CSK signal with optimal performance at a given digit capacity of a sampling memory resided in parallel correlators. For CSK signals Prompt, Early and Late results for each of possible code shift are calculated as different sums of four punctured convolutions. Depending on configuration, the method allows to receive both multiplexed CSK signals with lesser quality or one of the CSK signals with better quality. The method can be implemented as an apparatus with four punctured correlators, a set of multipliers by 1 or 2N, another set of multipliers by 1 or 0, summers of four input to one result, a RAM, searchers of maximum, and conditional commutators.

Abstract: A method (100) for generating a geographic coordinate and a device (500) for generating a geographic coordinate. The method (100) comprises: enabling a device to point to a position point (102); obtaining data including a geographic coordinate of the device, a relative height between the device and the position point and pointing information of the device (104); and generating a geographic coordinate of the position point based on the data (106). The device (500) for generating a geographic coordinate comprises a pointing module (502), a data obtaining module (504) and a generating module (506). By enabling the device to point to a desired position point, a geographic coordinate of the desired position point can be obtained rapidly.

Abstract: The systems, methods, and apparatuses provided herein disclose interpreting a performance criteria for a vehicle, wherein the performance criteria is indicative of a desired operating parameter for the vehicle; interpreting a good driver definition value indicative of a good driver profile for the interpreted performance criteria; determining a performance value indicative of how an operator of the vehicle is performing with respect to the good driver definition value; and in response to the performance value indicating that the vehicle is not satisfying the performance criteria, managing an actuator output response value for at least one actuator in the vehicle to facilitate achievement of the good driver definition value.

Abstract: An oscillation observation device includes a first receiver and processing circuitry. The first receiver is configured to measure carrier phases of positioning signal. The processing circuitry is configured to calculate a velocity of an object by using an amount of change in the carrier phases measured by the first receiver, and calculate an amount of oscillation of the object in a translational direction using the velocity.

Abstract: A GNSS spoofing signal detection and elimination includes acquiring and tracking a plurality of GNSS signals, authenticating the acquired signals based on available authentication information to determine if the acquired signals are authentic, unverified, or counterfeit, creating a first list of the authentic signals and a second list of unverified signals, by removing the counterfeit signal(s), creating a plurality of sets of the signals by selecting at least four GNSS signals such that each set includes all of the authentic signals and at least one unverified signal, calculating PVT solutions and post-fit residuals for each set, estimating authenticity of unverified signals by analyzing the PVT solutions and post-fit residuals, estimating authenticity and accuracy of PVT solutions based on the estimation, and outputting a list of all of the acquired GNSS signals with the respective authenticity, and a list of all possible PVT solutions with the respective authenticity and accuracy.

Abstract: A method of providing communication coverage includes collecting a location of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) while the UAV is in flight, determining a communication signal distribution in a proximity of the UAV, and determining one or more locations for arranging one or more relays based on the communication signal distribution to improve communication signal coverage along a flight path of the UAV.

Abstract: A satellite corrections generation system receives reference receiver measurement information from a plurality of reference receivers at established locations. In accordance with the received reference receiver measurement information, and established locations of the reference receivers, the system determines narrow-lane navigation solutions for the plurality of reference receivers. The system also determines clusters of single-difference (SD) narrow-lane floating ambiguities, each cluster comprising pairs of SD narrow-lane floating ambiguities for respective pairs of satellites. A satellite narrow-lane bias value for each satellite of a plurality of satellites is initially determined in accordance with fractional portions of the SD narrow-lane floating ambiguities in the clusters, and then periodically updated by a Kalman filter.

Abstract: A wireless communication system includes: a plurality of first wireless stations; a plurality of second wireless stations; and a management apparatus configured to manage the plurality of first wireless stations and the plurality of second wireless stations. The management apparatus includes a selection unit that selects a plurality of antennas to be used to transmit reference signals from a plurality of antennas included in the plurality of first wireless stations or a plurality of antennas included in the plurality of second wireless stations, and an instruction unit that instructs the plurality of first wireless stations or the plurality of second wireless stations to transmit reference signals using the plurality of antennas used to transmit the reference signals and selected by the selection unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a mobile terminal and a method for controlling the same. In the mobile terminal and the method for controlling the same, a circular time line is displayed when a specific application is executed. A motion of a user is sensed, and a tracking trajectory is displayed in the circular time line in real time. In this case, the tracking trajectory may be displayed so that it has a different display characteristic based on a type of the sensed motion of the user. Exercise information including an exercise type of a user can be displayed so that it is intuitively recognized over time. An exercise competition with a specific person or group members can be performed in real time. An exercise method suitable for a limited situation can be recommended.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to navigation systems and methods incorporating altitude data from a Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) network.

Abstract: When a communication occurs in an electronic device, groups are automatically generated according to the user's situation by: storing a communication history in a database; generating a first group from the database on the basis of the time and location information stored in the database at a predetermined time; retrieving a transmission list from the database and generating a second group from the database on the basis of an identifier of an opposing party included in the transmission list; retrieving a reception list from the database and generating a third group from the database on the basis of an identifier of an opposing party included in the reception list and the identifier of the opposing party included in the transmission list; and generating a fourth group on the basis of the information commonly included in at least two groups of the first group, the second group and the third group.

Abstract: A signal processing method for ultra-fast acquisition and tracking of severely attenuated spread spectrum signals with Doppler frequency and apparatus thereof are disclosed herein. The signal processing method may include a step of searching for at least one receiving signal from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning signals or Spread Spectrum signals in a signal processing device, wherein the step of searching for at least one received signal includes a sparse Doppler frequency search (SDFS) step performing signal search for respective sparse Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a first interval, and a synthesized Doppler frequency testing (SDFT) step performing signal search for respective synthesized Doppler frequencies being spaced apart from one another by a second interval between the sparse Doppler frequencies, the second interval being shorter than the first interval.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods, apparatuses and computer programs for generating receiver-specific correction information for correcting pseudorange observations. The method comprises: receiving raw observations obtained by the NSS receiver observing NSS multiple frequency signals from a plurality of NSS satellites over multiple epochs; obtaining precise satellite information on: (i) the orbit position of each of the satellites, (ii) a clock offset of each of the satellites, and (iii) a set of biases associated with each of the satellites; estimating ambiguities in the carrier phase of the received raw observations, using the precise satellite information, or information derived therefrom; computing combination values based on the received raw observations together with the estimated ambiguities, to cancel out the effects of the geometry, the effects of the clocks, troposphere and ionosphere; and generating the correction information per satellite, based on the computed combination values.

Abstract: A system and method to opportunistically use measurements on a priori unknown radio signals, not intended for radio navigation or geolocation, to improve navigation/geolocation position estimation yield accuracy and efficiency.

Abstract: A computing device may detect that a space object has undergone a maneuver and may attempt to calculate a solution to that maneuver based in part on start and stop times and thrust uncertainties associated with the detected maneuver. However, the computing device may sometimes be unable to calculate an acceptable solution for a detected maneuver given these initial start and stop times and thrust uncertainties. Thus, the various embodiments provide for a computing device and methods implemented by a processor executing on the device for identifying and calculating a recovery maneuver of a space object when an acceptable solution for a detected maneuver cannot be determined. In the various embodiments, a computing device processor may generate a recovery maneuver based on the detected maneuver, and the processor may adjust the start and stop times and the uncertainty values of the recovery maneuver until an acceptable solution is found.

Abstract: A correction phase locked loop (CPLL), including a signal processing unit that receives a digitized input signal from a satellite, the signal processing unit comprising (a) a primary correlator and primary discriminator, connected in series and generating a main error signal Z1 from the digitized input signal; (b) a correction correlator and a correction discriminator connected in series and generating a correction signal Z2; and (c) an adder for adding the main error signal Z1 and the correction signal Z2 to produce a common error signal Z. A loop filter filters the common error signal Z to produce a corrected error signal that is used for frequency-phase control of a Numerical Control Oscillator (NCO). The NCO generates two mutually orthogonal output reference signals whose phase is substantially free of multipath errors.

Abstract: A method for selecting a global positioning receiver includes receiving global positioning system signals from global positioning system receivers. The global positioning system receivers receive the global positioning system signals from corresponding global positioning system satellites. The method also includes determining a signal quality score of each received signal based on a signal drift and a phase precision of the corresponding signal, and selecting one of the received global positioning system signals having the highest signal quality score.

Abstract: In an example embodiment, the orientation of a wireless device, such as an access point (AP) can be determined based on the location of neighboring wireless devices and the observed angle of arrival of signals from the wireless device at the neighboring wireless devices. For example, the angle of orientation can be determined by comparing an observed angle of arrival with the known actual angle between wireless devices. If a plurality of wireless devices measure the signal, the mean or median of the difference between observed angle of arrival of a signal from the wireless device with the actual angle for the plurality of wireless devices may be employed to determine the angular orientation.

Abstract: In methods and devices GNSS reception quality can be used to determine the maximum output power of a Home UE, i.e. a UE served by home base station and is based on the insight that GNSS reception quality may be used for estimation of the interference caused by transmissions of an HUE on an existing network. The power of the HUE need be restricted to keep interference within limit. The estimation of the interference, and the determination of the HUE maximum output power, is based on the GNSS reception quality in the HUE, or the GNSS reception quality in the HBS or on a combination of the GNSS reception in the HUE and the HBS. In one embodiment a combined metric based on the GNSS reception quality and one or more cellular radio measurement is used to determine the maximum output power of the HUE. The GNSS reception quality measurements and the cellular measurements used for deriving the combined metric can be performed in the HUE and/or in the HBS or in both.

Abstract: A method of generating a correlation function for a CBOC(6,1,1/11) signal according to the present invention includes generating a delayed signal delayed based on a phase delay, with respect to a signal pulse train of a CBOC(6,1,1/11)-modulated received signal, generating first to twelfth partial correlation functions by performing an autocorrelation operation of the received signal and the delayed signal with respect to a total time, generating a basic intermediate correlation function by performing an elimination operation on sixth and seventh partial correlation functions, acquiring first to fifth and eighth to twelfth additional intermediate correlation functions by performing an elimination operation on each of partial correlation functions, excluding the sixth and seventh partial correlation functions from the first to twelfth partial correlation functions, and a basic intermediate correlation function, and acquiring the main correlation function by simply summing the basic intermediate correlation func

Abstract: Whether received positioning signals are target positioning signals is determined accurately. A first code phase difference of a first replica code signal of a positioning signal StA and a second code phase difference of a second replica code signal of a positioning signal StB are acquired. A first pseudorange ?1 is calculated based on the first code phase difference and a second pseudorange ?2 is calculated based on the second code phase difference. An absolute value of a pseudorange difference that is a differential value between the first pseudorange ?1 and the second pseudorange ?2 is calculated. If the absolute value of the pseudorange difference is lower than a threshold, the positioning signals of which codes are currently tracked are determined to be the positioning signals StA and StB from a target positioning satellite. If the absolute value of the pseudorange difference is higher than the threshold, cross-correlation is determined to have occurred.

Abstract: A global navigation satellite system configured to operate in a noisy environment receives the same satellite signals in two separate channels. Each channel processes the signals independently according to different filtering constraints; one channel applies narrow filtering constraints while the other channel applies broader filtering constraints. Narrow filtering constraints allow the receiver to acquire a usable signal under certain conditions but not while moving rapidly. Broader filtering constraints allow the receiver to acquire a usable signal during rapid movement, but cannot overcome intense interference. A device implementing both constraint options is usable under a wider range of situations.

Abstract: Dual-frequency receiver for satellite-based positioning, comprising a main measurement channel and a secondary channel for a calculation for correction of ionospheric propagation robust to differential errors linked to the local reception environment of the signals. Each channel comprises a code generator, a carrier phase generator, integrators, phase and code discriminators, a code phase numerically-controlled oscillator, a carrier phase numerically-controlled oscillator, carrier phase loop matched filtering means, and code phase loop matched filtering means. The receiver further including: means for determining the respective phase errors in the main and secondary channels comprising means of interspectral correlation of the signals of the main and secondary channels already correlated by the local code, after frequency compensation of the relative Doppler shifts of the signals; and respective feedback loops for the code and carrier phase errors in the main and secondary channels.

Abstract: A method for assessing tracking loop quality of a satellite receiver is disclosed. The method includes obtaining a carrier-to-noise power density ratio (CN0) of a tracking loop which tracks a satellite signal; generating a statistical value associated with the CN0 based on output values from a discriminator of the tracking loop; and assessing a quality of the tracking loop based on the CN0 and the statistical value.

Abstract: A drive assist system includes: wireless communication devices on first and second vehicles. The wireless communication device on the first vehicle includes: a distance calculation device for calculating a satellite positioning distance between the first and second vehicles; and a difference calculation device for calculating a distance difference between the satellite positioning distance and a distance to the second vehicle obtained by a ranging sensor in the first vehicle.

Abstract: A system and method for improving acquisition sensitivity and tracking performance of a GPS receiver using multiple antennas is provided. In an embodiment, the acquisition sensitivity can be improved by determining the correlation weight of each received path signal path associated with one antenna form a plurality of antennas and then combining the path signals based on their respective correlation weight. In another embodiment, carrier offset correction information of each path signal is individually determined and then summed together to be used for tracking the code phase in a code phase tracking loop. The code phase tracking loop generates an early code and a late code that are used to determine the code phase error. The system includes notch and bandpass filters to mitigate narrowband and broadband noises of a received GPS signal, wherein the digital adaptive filters are switched on periodically or by external events.

Abstract: A method is presented to extend a frequency lock range of a received RF signal in a satellite receiver. One step in the method includes analyzing data information of a preamble associated with the received satellite RF signal. Another step includes determining an estimated frequency value that is a function of the analyzed data information that further includes at least a portion of the frequency error formed therein. A further step includes comparing the determined estimated frequency value to a predetermined threshold value. Another step includes using the determined estimated frequency value when the determined frequency value is greater than the predetermined threshold value to operatively control tracking mode electronic circuitry disposed in the satellite receiver to attain frequency lock on the received satellite RF signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring wireless signals in a wireless receiver are described. The method includes designating a measurement cycle frequency for the wireless receiver at a nominal frequency. A determination that a motion change event has occurred can be determined based on the detection of a transition between base stations in a wireless communications network. In response to the motion change event, the measurement cycle frequency can be adjusted according to various aspects of the disclosure.

Abstract: A radionavigation signal tracking device comprises a first and a second tracking stage for radionavigation signals. The first tracking stage comprises a first carrier phase-locked loop. The latter produces a first error signal arising from a phase difference between the first carrier and its replica. The phase of the replica of the first carrier is adjusted with the first error signal. The second tracking stage comprises a second carrier phase-locked loop. The latter produces a second error signal arising from a difference between the first phase difference and a phase difference between the second carrier and the replica thereof. The phase of the replica of the second carrier is adjusted with the first and second error signals.

Abstract: A GPS carrier-tracking method comprising: acquiring a GPS signal from a satellite with a receiver in acquisition mode when the signal strength of the GPS signal is equal to or above a carrier/noise (C/N0) threshold; tracking the carrier frequency of the GPS signal while the receiver in a tracking mode when the signal strength of the GPS signal is above the C/N0 threshold; recording carrier frequency values while the receiver is in tracking mode; predicting a current Doppler shift based on the recorded values when the signal strength of the GPS signal drops below the C/N0 threshold for a time period t; and resuming, without the receiver re-entering acquisition mode, tracking of the GPS signal after time t and once the signal strength of the GPS signal is again equal to or above the C/N0 threshold, wherein the resumed tracking is based on the predicted Doppler shift.

Abstract: Updates to an AFC loop can be performed to provide high-sensitivity tracking. A 20 ms update interval and PDI=10 ms is used for every other update. A setting is used for each update between the 20 ms updates. Notably, the setting uses PDI=5 ms. The setting can include first, second, and third cross-dot pairs associated with a first bit, a second bit, and a cross-bit boundary between the first and second bits, respectively. A sum of these pairs can be scaled down when the signal strength is below a predetermined threshold. In another embodiment, the setting can include a first cross-dot pair associated with a first bit and a second cross-dot pair associated with a second bit. A sum of these pairs can also be scaled down when signal strength is below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method of generating a correlation function with no side-peak and a system for tracking a BOC signal in order to synchronize the BOC signal. The method of generating a correlation function includes step S1 of generating sub-correlation functions {Sl(?)}l=0N?1, step S2 of generating a first final correlation function R0(?) by combining some of the sub-correlation functions, and step S3 of generating a second final correlation function Rproposed(?) by combining R0(?) with each of the remaining sub-correlation functions that have not been used for the combination at step S2. The BOC signal is one or more of BOCsin(kn,n) and BOCcos(kn,n) signals.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for receiving satellite radio-navigation signals comprising a plurality of receiving antennas forming an antenna array. The invention consists in using a plurality of antennas disposed around the circumference of a carrier and in demodulating the signals received by each antenna separately. The diversity of the demodulation chains is utilized to compensate the signal loss on one of the chains when the corresponding antenna experiences a signal loss due to the masking of the satellite by the carrier.

Abstract: A method for determining a position of an object having a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver comprises receiving signals that are transmitted by GNSS transmitters positioned on board satellites positioned in view of the object; updating service data in the object, the service data including satellite clock data, satellite orbit data, satellite delay code bias data relating to delay code biases of the GNSS transmitters, and ionospheric model data indicating a state of an ionosphere; determining, based on the ionospheric model data, ionospheric delay data indicating corrections relating to delays of the signals, the delays of the signals resulting from passage of the signals through the ionosphere, and reception of the signals by the GNSS receiver; and determining a position of the object based on the signals, the satellite clock data, the satellite orbit data, the satellite delay code bias data, and the determined ionospheric delay data.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for tracking the carrier phase of a signal received from a satellite by a carrier using a carrier loop of the carrier phase, said signal being acquired by a navigation system of the carrier, said navigation system including a receiver for location by radio navigation, and a self-contained unit, wherein the receiver is suitable for acquiring and tracking the phase of the carrier of the signal from the satellite.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for processing a navigation signal are provided. When a navigation signal is received and processed, a search range associated with signal processing may be reduced by directly computing a clock offset of a receiving terminal, and accordingly it is possible to reduce an operation amount associated with the signal processing, and an amount of a power consumed by the receiving terminal. Additionally, due to a reduction in the search range, it is also possible to reduce a time required to acquire a signal.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a frequency of a measurement cycle in a wireless receiver is described. The method includes adjusting a measurement cycle in a wireless receiver by computing a position state comprising at least one of a velocity and a heading of the satellite signal receiver, detecting a change in the position state, and automatically adjusting a frequency of said measurement cycle in response to the change in the position state.

Abstract: A method of providing automatic frequency control pull-in for efficient receipt of GLONASS bits is described. This method can include first determining whether a channel noise (CNo) is greater than or equal to a predetermined value. When the CNo is greater than or equal to the predetermined value, the pull-in can be performed using a first series of predetection integration periods (PDIs) with activated decision-directed flips (DDFs) until a 20 ms boundary of a GLONASS data bit is found. When the CNo is less than the predetermined value, the pull-in can be performed using a second series of PDIs with always deactivated DDFs. A similar method of providing automatic frequency control pull-in for efficient receipt of GPS bits is also described.

Abstract: Sub-microsecond time transfer in a GPS/GNSS receiver using a weak GPS/GNSS signal is provided. The digitized complex baseband signal and the generated PN code are cross-correlated for each code period so as to output a complex correlation value at each code epoch of the generated PN code, where a sequence of the output correlation values form a data stream representing the navigation message. Bit synchronization generates bit sync pulses at bit boundaries. The location of a target segment having a known sequence at a known bit location in the navigation message is detected by searching through a plurality of subframes and accumulating search results for the plurality of subframes. Transmission time of the target segment is determined from the detected location of the target segment, with a certain time ambiguity. Accurate local time is determined by solving the time ambiguity using approximate time obtained from an external source.

Abstract: A positioning apparatus calculates an offset frequency of a local oscillator based on position information which is positioned, satellite position information acquired from a satellite signal of a GPS satellite, and a velocity vector of a GPS satellite. A GLONASS function is operated based on the offset frequency; then, positioning is carried out by the GPS function and the GLONASS function.

Abstract: Disclosed is a satellite radiowave receiver which obtains a satellite signal transmitted from a positioning satellite including a receiving unit which receives a radiowave in a frequency range which is set in advance, the frequency range including a frequency transmitted by the positioning satellite transmit, a capture unit which detects the satellite signal from a received signal based on the radiowave received by the receiving unit and a calculation unit which calculates a mean frequency of a plurality of the satellite signals which are detected, based on receiving frequencies of the plurality of the satellite signal detected by the capture unit, and the capture unit detects the satellite signal according to the mean frequency.