Abstract: An example device may include at least three phased array antennas controllable to provide respective receive beams steerable in azimuth and elevation, where faces of the phased array antennas are arranged to provide a receive beam coverage 360 degrees in azimuth, and at least three radio frequency front ends to receive channel sounding waveforms from a fifth generation base station of a cellular network via the respective receive beams and to generate baseband signals from the channel sounding waveforms. The device may include a processing system including at least one processor in communication with the radio frequency front ends to steer the respective receive beams via instructions to the radio frequency front ends, receive the baseband signals from the radio frequency front ends, determine a plurality of measurements of at least one wireless channel parameter based upon the baseband signals, and record locations and spatial orientation information for the measurements.

Abstract: Measurement arrangement and method for measuring an electromagnetic field. It is for this purpose that a measurement probe is arranged on a mechanical probe positioning structure and moved along a number of one or more circular tracks. In this way, the measurement probe can be subsequently located at multiple different spatial positions and the corresponding electromagnetic signal can be measured. Accordingly, properties of an electromagnetic field can be determined by taking into account the measured electromagnetic signal with respect to the related spatial position.

Abstract: A radio relay apparatus, which can monitor a status of a radio relay apparatus for realizing a three-dimensional network, without providing a dedicated line, is provided. The radio relay apparatus can fly and move in an upper airspace, and comprises a first antenna for transmitting and receiving a radio signal of a feeder link to and from a gateway station on a communication network side provided on the ground or on the sea, a second antenna for transmitting and receiving a radio signal of a service link to and from a terminal apparatus, a relay processing section for relaying the radio signal of the feeder link and the radio signal of the service link, which is provided between the first antenna and the second antenna, an information acquisition section for acquiring monitoring information on the status of the radio relay apparatus, and an information communication section for transmitting the monitoring information to the gateway station via the feeder link.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for the convergence of IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transfer rate than a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart or connected cars, health care, digital education, retail business, and services associated with security and safety) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. Disclosed is an analysis method and apparatus for performing an analysis procedure for network design at an improved speed while maintaining accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: An installation location determination device for a radio device, includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores device information on a transmitter and a receiver, and environment information.

Abstract: A method performed by a network node for determining a beam to be transmitted to at least a first User Equipment, UE is provided. The network node determines (903) a beam to be transmitted to at least a first UE based on an obtained average spatial profile of radiated power in each direction. The average spatial profile of radiated power is based on an spatial profile of radiated power averaged over any one or more out of a frequency interval and a time interval.

Abstract: A system to accurately and consistently read Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) information from RFID tags placed upon objects. The system features a moving antenna or antenna array pointed toward a target detection zone. In some embodiments, a portal is constructed having electromagnetic shielding properties and containers carrying RFID tagged objects are loaded through the portal. In other embodiments, multiple antenna arrays are installed within the portal. Movement of antenna arrays may be provided using a non-electronic motor or actuator to suppress potential electromagnetic interference. A method of accurately and consistently reading RFID information from RFID sources by providing the antenna(s) and portal passing objects having RFID tags proximate the antenna(s) and through the portal, and optimizing the angle by which the antennas and/or antenna arrays may best read the RFID signals upon a target detection zone via movement of the antenna(s).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for the convergence of IoT technology and a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transfer rate than a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure can be applied to intelligent services (e.g., smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart or connected cars, health care, digital education, retail business, and services associated with security and safety) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT-related technology. Disclosed is an analysis method and apparatus for performing an analysis procedure for network design at an improved speed while maintaining accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for beamforming communication systems with sensor aided beam management are provided. In certain embodiments, a beamforming communication system includes an antenna array including a plurality of antenna elements. The beamforming communication system further includes a plurality of signal conditioning circuits operatively associated with the antenna elements, one or more sensors that generate sensor data, and a beam management circuit that controls the signal conditioning circuits to manage beamforming. The beam management circuit provides beam management based on the sensor data.

Abstract: There is described apparatus for orienting at least one electromagnetic field sensor, a related receiver unit and method of use. The apparatus has an orientation detector having an output which is dependent upon an orientation of the electromagnetic field sensor, an actuator and a controller which is arranged in communication with the orientation detector and the actuator, the controller being configured to be operable to generate at least one instruction for operating the actuator for moving the electromagnetic field sensor into a predefined orientation, in dependence upon the output from the orientation detector.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a communication technique for fusing, with an IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate than a 4G system, and a system therefor. The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services, such as smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, smart cars or connected cars, health care, digital education, retail businesses, and security and safety related services, on the basis of 5G communication technologies and I-T-related technologies.

Abstract: A method for selecting a geometry of an antenna array in a multiple-input multiple-output, MIMO, radio communication system (100), the method comprising; obtaining a first parameter set comprising a first communication distance D1 and a first carrier frequency f1, and a second parameter set comprising a second communication distance D2 and a second carrier frequency f2, determining a first radio communication performance measure based on the first parameter set in dependence of antenna array geometry, and a second radio communication performance measure based on the second parameter set in dependence of antenna array geometry, and selecting the antenna array geometry based on the first radio communication performance measure and on the second radio communication performance measure.

Abstract: A mechanically steered, horizontally polarized, directional antennae for aerial vehicles, such as UAVs. The antenna system can include a planar substrate with a horizontally polarized antenna embedded therein. A rotation member, on one end, can be attached to the planar substrate, and can extend from an external surface of the aerial vehicle. An actuator can be coupled to the rotation member to rotate the rotation member. A communication controller of the aerial vehicle can control the actuator to beam horizontally polarized radiofrequency (RF) waves to a target receiver or receive a wave front from a target transmitter.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing an online platform that enables an organization to provide information to interested individuals are described. The organization requests individuals to contact elected officials to express support, rejections or comments for specific issues. The online platform determines an advocate's elected official(s) and facilitates a communication connection between the advocate and an elected official(s). Geocoding is performed using the individual's street address and zip code to obtain geographical coordinates, and the coordinates are geomatched to district matching databases to determine the individual's elected officials. The individual selects a preferred method of connecting, and the platform enables and facilitates the connection.

Abstract: A method for alignment of an antenna in a microwave radio link system in Non-Line-Of Sight (NLOS) conditions. The method includes having a pointer indicating a first position on a surface to define a first candidate reflection/diffraction point on the surface, aligning a first antenna at a first node and a second antenna at a second node towards the first candidate reflection/diffraction point, and recording a relevant property concerning the channel quality between the first node and the second node via the first candidate reflection/diffraction point. The pointer may be a drone. Related devices and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and device for narrowband mobile communication in wireless communication. The base station transmits first information, wherein the first information comprises a first power value and a first coefficient. The product of the first power value and the first coefficient is used to determine the transmission power of the first wireless signal. The transmitter of the first wireless signal is a first node. The present disclosure enables the transmitting UE to have a lower transmission power to ensure the receiving performance of the relay UE. In addition, the present disclosure can simultaneously reduce interference of data reception for the conventional UE on the base station side, thereby improving overall system performance.

Abstract: A set-top box includes a housing including an interior having a base and a top and a first sidewall extending from a perimeter of the base to the top; an antenna coupled to the housing; one or more electric motors coupled the antenna; one or more orientation sensors coupled to the housing; a controller coupled to the housing and electrically coupled to the antenna, the one or more electric motors, and the one or more orientation sensors, the controller configured to receive information from the one or more orientation sensors, determine an orientation of the housing based on the information from the one or more orientation sensors, and actuate the one or more electric motors to change an orientation of the antenna based on the orientation of the housing; and a transmitter within the housing selectively connectable to the antenna.

Abstract: A communication apparatus comprises a memory storing instructions which cause to function as: a first communication unit configured to communicate with an external apparatus using a first communication method in which directionality of radio waves is variable; a second communication unit configured to communicate with the external apparatus using a second communication method in which directionality of radio waves is variable; and a control unit configured to control the first communication unit and the second communication unit so as to, after communication using the first communication method has been established, switch communication with the external apparatus to communication using the second communication method, wherein the control unit controls directionality of second radio waves in the second communication method, using information regarding directionality of first radio waves used in the first communication method.

Abstract: A directional antenna tracking method includes obtaining first motion feature information of a first device, receiving second motion feature information transmitted from a second device, calculating tracking information of a first directional antenna of the first device with respect to a second directional antenna of the second device based on the first motion feature information and the second motion feature information, and controlling the first directional antenna to move according to the tracking information to face toward the second directional antenna.

Abstract: WiFi repeater devices described provided herein. An example device includes an enclosure that is configured to be mounted to a window that divides an outdoor area from an indoor area. The enclosure houses a 5 GHz WiFi client radio coupled with a high order MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antenna, the high order MIMO antenna transmitting and receiving data from a 5 GHz access point located in the outdoor area, and a 2.4 GHz WiFi access point radio coupled with a MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) antenna, the MIMO antenna transmitting and receiving data from 2.4 GHz UEs located in the indoor area.

Abstract: An example device includes antennas to receive wireless signals from a wireless transmitter and to output radio frequency signals based upon the wireless signals that are received, low noise amplifiers coupled to the antennas to amplify the radio frequency signals, and a receiver stage to generate, based upon the radio frequency signals, digital representations of the wireless signals that are received via the antennas and to determine a measure a wireless channel parameter from the digital representations of the wireless signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting and reducing signal interference affecting wireless communication with a mobile vehicle includes generating an interference signature based on a correlation multiple signal-quality characteristics of a desired target-signal that is received at an antenna assembly attached to the mobile vehicle, and adjusting the orientation of the antenna assembly based on a change or degradation in the interference signature to thereby improve wireless communication with the vehicle.

Abstract: A multimode multiband wireless device includes a broadband RF power amplifier that receives RF signals and produces amplified RF signals in a cellular band in a broadband, and a coexist filter coupled to the input of the broadband RF power amplifier. The coexist filter can reject RF noise in a predetermined frequency range in the broadband adjacent to the cellular band.

Abstract: Methods, systems, computer-readable media, and apparatuses for beam management in a wireless communication system are presented. In some embodiments, a beam management subsystem in a moveable device selects a first antenna array and forms a first beam using the first antenna array for sending and receiving communication signals from a base station or other transceiver. A communication signal processing subsystem receives a first communication signal via the first beam. Upon movement of the moveable device, an inertial navigation subsystem determines a rotation vector associated with the movement. In response to the inertial navigation subsystem determining the rotation vector, the beam management subsystem selects a second antenna array using the rotation vector and forms a second beam directed toward the base station using the second antenna array. The communication signal processing subsystem can receive a second communication signal via the second beam.

Abstract: Antenna system adapted for integration in side mirrors of a vehicle. The antenna system includes two radiating conductors and a reflector coplanarly disposed on a same dielectric substrate of a printed circuit board. The radiating conductors are connected to the reflector through transmission lines electromagnetically coupled to a frequency band of operation. In order to optimize the radiating of the antenna system in a 180° sector that covers one lateral of the vehicle, the reflector is separated from the two radiating conductors by a distance included between 0.3 times and one time the central wavelength; and the reflector is less than 6 times wider than the radiating conductors.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for calibration of a gyro sensor which controls the attitude of a device such as an antenna by detecting acceleration with respect to three axis directions and, more particularly, to a method for calibration of a gyro sensor, in which the calibration of the gyro sensor is performed by interworking with a tilt sensor. In particular, it is possible to calibrate the gyro sensor, which detects rotation with respect to a Z-axis by standing a sensor board provided with a sensor, by interworking with a tilt sensor.

Abstract: A vehicular control system includes an antenna array disposed at a vehicle. The antenna array emits a beam external the vehicle. A forward viewing camera is disposed at a windshield of the vehicle and views forward of the vehicle through the windshield. A control includes an image processor operable to process image data captured by the camera. The control, responsive at least in part to processing by the image processor of image data captured by the camera, determines a weather condition and/or a driving condition at the vehicle. The control may adjust the beam emitted by the antenna array responsive to determination of the weather condition and/or driving condition at the vehicle. The control may adjust power of the beam and/or a beam pattern of the beam responsive to determination of the weather condition and/or driving condition at the vehicle.

Abstract: A holographic antenna integrated with photovoltaic cells and method for use of the same are described. In one embodiment, the method for using an antenna comprises receiving position data indicative of an antenna aperture of an antenna after the antenna has been placed in a position to increase capture of solar energy by one or more photovoltaic (PV) structures integrated into a surface of the antenna aperture; and in response to the position data, electronically steering an array of antenna elements of the antenna to redirect a beam toward a satellite based on the position of the antenna while maintaining the position of the antenna for increased capture of the solar energy.

Abstract: A method for pointing an antenna at an inclined geostationary satellite includes obtaining an analemma of the inclined geostationary satellite, and determining a plurality of points that are to be searched, wherein determining the plurality of points comprises selecting points that follow a centerline of the analemma. One point of the plurality of points is selected and the antenna is pointed at the selected point. While the antenna is pointing at the selected point, the inclined geostationary satellite is queried an RF power level of a response to the query received from the inclined geostationary satellite is recorded. Another point of the plurality of points and the query/recording step is repeated for each of the plurality of points. A determination is made regarding which point of the plurality of points produced a response to the query having the highest power level. The antenna then is pointed at the point having the highest power level.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the techniques herein provide a fully automated satellite-based backhaul system. In particular, a system in accordance with the techniques herein may utilize a satellite communication terminal to allow an Internet of Things (IoT) device (or any device) to be deployed in any location which has a line of sight towards a communication satellite. Specifically, the placement, orientation, and/or communication characteristics of the IoT device and/or satellite communication terminal (or antenna) may be manipulated (e.g., manual adjustment based on calculated directions and/or completely autonomously) to ensure avoidance of interference in any other wireless communication network.

Abstract: An antenna measurement system is provided. The antenna measurement system comprises an antenna and a device under test. the antenna comprises a light emitting unit which is integrated in the antenna. Advantageously, the antenna can be positioned with respect to the device under test in an efficient and cost-saving manner.

Abstract: An example implementation may include a first device identifying a request from a second device for an instruction for aligning a satellite antenna. The first device may obtain satellite receiver data of a satellite receiver, responsive to the request. Based on the satellite receiver data, the instruction requested for aligning the satellite antenna is determined. The instruction includes determining a number of other satellite antenna angles for aligning the satellite antenna with other satellites, determining a satellite angle based on the other satellite antenna angles, and determining the instruction requested for aligning the satellite antenna based on the satellite angle. The satellite receiver data, including the instruction requested for aligning the satellite antenna, is provided by the first device to the second device.

Abstract: An antenna structure utilizing metal housing of a wireless communication device as antenna includes first, second, and third metallic members, and a feed portion. A first gap is between the first and second metallic members. A second gap is between the second and third metallic members. The current feed portion is connected to the second metallic member, and current entering the second metallic member flows towards the first gap and the second gap respectively to excite radiation signals in a first frequency band. The first and third metallic members obtain the current by coupling and excite radiation signals in a second and a third frequency bands respectively. Frequencies of the third frequency band are higher than frequencies of the second frequency band, which are higher than the frequencies of the first frequency band. A wireless communication device using the antenna structure is provided.

Abstract: A backhaul radio is disclosed that includes one or more antenna structures collectively having a plurality of selectable radiation patterns for detecting alignment signals; one or more receivers configured to receive the alignment signals from the one or more antenna structures and provide received signals; one or more processors for processing the received signals to determine signal properties, wherein at least one of the one or more processors are coupled to at least one of the one or more receivers to receive said received signals; and an interface to couple at least one of the one or more processors to an alignment assisting device. The alignment assisting device coordinates between the backhaul radio and the second backhaul radio during the alignment process. The alignment assisting device further provides an indication of an improved alignment adjustment to a user of the alignment assisting device.

Abstract: It is proposed a determination device, a method for determining navigation information and a navigation device comprising: a receiving circuit configured to receive a first signal from a first navigation satellite, the first signal comprising a first timestamp; a determination circuit configured to determine a velocity of the first navigation satellite at the first timestamp in a second coordinate system based on ephemeris data of the first navigation satellite, the second coordinate system being tilted in relation to the equatorial plane; the determination circuit further configured to determine a velocity of the first navigation satellite in a first coordinate system that is earth fixed and rotating with earth, by applying a transformation matrix to the determined velocity of the first navigation satellite in the second coordinate system and adding a correction term based on a time derivative of the transformation matrix; a navigation circuit configured to determine navigation information of the receiving c

Abstract: Determining movement for alignment of a satellite antenna using accelerometer data and gyroscope data of the satellite antenna. Described techniques include receiving accelerometer data for a first time period from an accelerometer mounted on the antenna and analyzing the accelerometer data to determine a movement time window for a movement event of the antenna. The techniques may include receiving gyroscope data for the first time period from a gyroscope mounted on the antenna and analyzing the gyroscope data during the movement time window to determine an amount of movement of the antenna due to the movement event.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry that handles millimeter wave communications. The wireless circuitry may be tested using a test system that includes a fixture, computing equipment, and a substrate placed in the fixture. The fixture may hold an array of antennas on the substrate at a selected distance from an array of antennas on the wireless circuitry under test. The array on the substrate may receive millimeter wave test signals from the wireless circuitry under test. A transmission line may convey the millimeter wave test signals to a signal analyzer without down-converting the signals. The analyzer and computing equipment may identify performance metric data based on the test signals and may determine whether the wireless circuitry has satisfactory performance based on the performance metric data. The test system may be calibrated using settings that are specific to the design of the wireless circuitry under test.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method and device for narrowband mobile communication in wireless communication. The base station transmits first information, wherein the first information comprises a first power value and a first coefficient. The product of the first power value and the first coefficient is used to determine the transmission power of the first wireless signal. The transmitter of the first wireless signal is a first node. The present disclosure enables the transmitting UE to have a lower transmission power to ensure the receiving performance of the relay UE. In addition, the present disclosure can simultaneously reduce interference of data reception for the conventional UE on the base station side, thereby improving overall system performance.

Abstract: An antenna device includes: an antenna array configured to radiate or receive an electromagnetic wave signal; a feed network configured to connect the antenna array and a signal multiplexer; at least one signal multiplexer configured to divide one path of a signal from the feed network into at least two paths of a signal, or combine at least two paths of a signal to one path of a signal and transmit the one path of a signal to the feed network; and at least two interface modules connected to an active module and configured to receive a signal sent from the passive module or the active module, or send a signal to the active module. The antenna device can be used for sharing the antenna array and other parts in the active antenna systems.

Abstract: The disclosed system for testing a massive MIMO beamforming antenna array of arbitrary size includes an anechoic chamber, and a mount for a MIMO array antenna positioned in the chamber, wherein the array has at least 8×4 antenna elements that are individually activated to steer transmissions from the array. The system includes dual element antenna probes positionable in the anechoic chamber, with feeds coupling one or more UE sources to the antenna probes; and the UE sources generate RF in OTA communication with the array, emulating multiple UE devices. Additionally the system includes base station electronics coupled to the array, and a test controller coupled to the base station electronics. The test controller signals the UE sources OTA via the array to invoke a connection to the UE sources and measure OTA channel performance between the array and the multiple UE devices emulated, the performance including at least throughput.

Abstract: A system includes an antenna of a ground station. The antenna is configured to generate a plurality of signal beams. The plurality of signal beams defines a plurality of cells in the sky. The antenna is mechanically fixed to a particular orientation. The antenna includes a phased array antenna. The system also includes a processor coupled to the antenna. The processor is configured to initiate concurrent communications with a plurality of spacecraft via the plurality of signal beams. The plurality of spacecraft is located within the plurality of cells.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the inventive concept, there is provided a headend apparatus, including: a spectrum analysis unit analyzing frequency spectrums of a plurality of base station signals to detect characteristic information of the plurality of base station signals; a control unit transmitting the characteristic information to a network management server connected to the headend apparatus and outputting power control information, generated based on the characteristic information, received from the network management server; and a plurality of RF units receiving at least one of the plurality of base station signals and controlling power of the plurality of base station signals based on the power control information and outputting the plurality of base station signals.

Abstract: The present invention is related to means for elimination of antenna orientation errors in millimeter wave point-to-point communication systems with beam steerable antennas. The advantage of the proposed method consists in accelerating antenna angular orientation adjustment for two connected transceivers. The advantage is achieved via determination of a value and a direction of an antenna orientation error and its further fast mechanical elimination. The method assumes transmission of radio signals and reception of them with measurement of the received signal powers. Determination of a direction and a value of an orientation error of the first transceiver antenna is achieved via measurement of the powers of signals transmitted by this antenna using different radiation patterns. Determination of a direction and a value of an orientation error of the second transceiver antenna is achieved via measurement of the powers of signals received by this antenna using different radiation patterns.

Abstract: A mobile device is used for wireless communication with at least one flying object. The mobile device receives information from a first flying object via an actual communication channel. Furthermore, the mobile device comprises a beamforming unit for forming at least two beams. In addition to this, the beamforming unit is configured to steer a beam of the actual communication channel or an actual communication antenna of the mobile device based on the information received from the first flying object by the mobile device.

Abstract: An antenna system for receiving over-the-air broadcast television signals includes a steerable directional antenna, a pedestal on which the directional antenna is rotatably mounted, a stepper motor to effect rotation of the steerable directional antenna, and a control circuit. The control circuit receives a control signal and causes the stepper motor to effect rotation of the steerable directional antenna. The directional antenna is steered such that its main lobe is generally directed to a television signal transmitting antenna selected by the user of the antenna system. The steering of the directional antenna is based on geographic location information associated with the television signal transmitting antenna.

Abstract: The present disclosure in some embodiments relates to an automatic configuration tool to configure and install a distributed antenna system and an installation guide using the same. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a user or a designer is graphically provided with a user interface to define a shape of the distributed antenna system, and is provided with a configuration tool for generating a configuration file for a configuration of an actual distributed antenna system. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is suggested a distributed antenna system for providing an installation guide function by using a configuration file generated in the configuration tool.

Abstract: A lightweight 2.4 GHZ antenna designed to be clipped onto a laptop computer or mobile device to extend the range of operation. The device consists of a tubular plastic frame upon which wire loops and a reflector are mounted and aimed toward the intended source of Wi-Fi signal. Radio-Frequency energy is transferred bidirectionally from the antenna to embedded antennas in the laptop computer or mobile device so no hardwired connection is necessary. Operation requires no power. The device can be scaled to 5 GHz Wi-Fi and other frequency bands including cellular.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an antenna assembly is described. The antenna assembly includes and antenna and an antenna positioner coupled to the antenna. The antenna positioner includes a single drive interface and a plurality of gears. The plurality of rotate in a first manner in response to a first drive direction applied through the single drive interface, and rotate in a second manner in response to a second drive applied through the single drive interface. The antenna positioner also includes a threaded rod that moves in a first rod direction and a second rod direction in response to rotation of the plurality of gears in the first manner and the second manner respectively. The antenna positioner also includes a tilt plate contacting the threaded rod. The tilt plate tilts about a pivot line in response to movement of the threaded rod to move a beam of the antenna in a spiral pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for improving the quality and strength of a wireless signal connecting a mobile station and a base station, in situations where the mobile station is able to utilize a directional antenna. The system for improving system quality comprise, for example, a directional antenna; an antenna power level detector which detects a signal strength; a signal inverter wherein the signal inverter generates a conditioned signal from the detected signal strength; an indicator wherein the indicator provides an indicator of a signal quality level from the detected signal strength; a reorientation decision logic wherein the reorientation decision logic communicates an instruction for movement of the directional antenna, wherein the detected signal strength is correlated to a projected orientation of the directional antenna at a time the signal strength is detected, and further wherein an antenna orientation control loop communicates a reorientation instruction for the directional antenna.

Abstract: A raster-based system for global navigation satellite system (GNSS) guidance includes a vehicle-mounted GNSS antenna and receiver. A processor provides guidance and/or autosteering commands based on GNSS-defined pixels forming a grid representing an area to be treated, such as a field. Specific guidance and chemical application methods are provided based on the pixel-defined treatment areas and preprogrammed chemical application prescription maps, which can include variable chemical application rates and dynamic control of the individual nozzles of a sprayer.