Abstract: A butler matrix includes at least one input coupler that is positioned at an input end of the butler matrix, receives an input signal, and divides and outputs it to a plurality of paths, and at least one output coupler that receives a signal from the input coupler and divides the signal into a plurality of paths to output it as an output signal. A separation coupler is formed in an intersecting path including an intersecting section at which transmission paths intersect among a plurality of paths through which a signal is transmitted to separate signals transmitted through different transmission paths. Further, a compensation coupler is formed in a path excluding the intersecting path to compensate a phase difference.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for transmitting a broadcast signal. The method includes: performing dividing processing on an antenna array in a multi-antenna system to obtain multiple subarrays; obtaining a basic weight vector of each subarray among the multiple subarrays, where the basic weight vector makes a beam peak-to-average power ratio of each subarray lower than a preset threshold and makes beam patterns of different subarrays complementary to each other in a direction dimension; performing, according to a weight coefficient in each basic weight vector, weighted processing on a transmit signal of an array element in a subarray corresponding to the each basic weight vector to obtain a first signal and use the array element to transmit the first signal. The present invention implements full coverage of the broadcast signal from the multi-antenna system in all directions in a cell or a sector.

Abstract: A receive only smart antenna with a command pointing option for communicating with geostationary satellites that autonomously detects the directions from which desired signal are received, and steer the multiple beams accordingly. An array feed is used to illuminate a parabolic reflector. Each feed element of the receive only smart antenna is associated with a unique beam pointing direction. As a receiver is switched to different feed elements, the far-field beam is scanned, making it possible to track a geostationary satellite in a slightly inclined orbit. This eliminates the need for mechanical tracking and maintains high antenna gain in the direction of the geostationary satellite. The receive only smart antenna also features capabilities to form multiple simultaneous beams supporting operations of multiple geo-satellites in closely spaced slightly inclined orbits. The designs can support orthogonal beams for enhanced bandwidth capacity via multiple beams with excellent spatial isolation.

Abstract: A method for detecting signals using an adaptive transducer arrangement, the arrangement including a transducer array having a plurality of transducers, a beamformer, and an energy detector, the method comprising: determining weights to be applied by the beamformer to signals emitted from each transducer in order to maximise a performance metric; applying the determined weights to the signals emitted from each transducer; measuring the energy received at the energy detector; comparing the measured energy with a predetermined value and based on said comparison determining whether or not one or more signals are present.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for processing the data from a plurality of digital signals (71) for a system for transmitting and/or receiving active antenna RF signals capable of forming at least one beam (98) by means of computation using a plurality of combiners (501, 502, 503, 511, 512, 513). The apparatus comprises means for processing the digital signal data over a plurality of computational planes in parallel (501-503 and 511-513) and separately between each computational plane. The invention can be used for any type of computational beamforming antenna and preferably for onboard antennas for use in satellites.

Abstract: A network distributes input microwave signals into a output signals having a Gaussian amplitude and in-phase distribution per the input signal. The network includes N input ports providing N different input signals; M output ports, M being a multiple of N; and layers disposed between the inputs ports and the outputs ports. The input signals are distributed through the layers. Each layer includes an arrangement of power combiners and/or power dividers. The arrangement has an angular rotational configuration of k2?/N radians around a symmetry symmetrical axis of a closed polygonal shape formed by the input ports, where k is an integer between 1 and N.

Abstract: A method for iterative estimation of a set of unknown channel parameters in a beamforming network including determining a first order estimate of offsets at measurement nodes and an estimate of the confidence in the initial estimate of the measurement nodes' offsets, and iterating, until a desired estimation accuracy is obtained, determining an improved estimate of a parameter set, and the confidence in the estimates, using the prior estimate of the offsets at the measurement nodes and determining an improved estimate of the offsets at the measurement nodes and the associated confidence values using the prior estimate of the parameter set and the corresponding confidence values.

Abstract: A method for controlling multi-antenna signal transmission includes: at a first transmission time, selecting a weight vector of a signal beam whose fluctuation in angle dimension is smaller than a preset value as a first basic weight vector; weighting a signal of each antenna array element in a multi-antenna system by using the first basic weight vector, to obtain a first weighted signal on each antenna array element; and delaying the first weighted signal on each antenna array element for a corresponding set time period, so that the multi-antenna system has different transmission modes at different frequencies, and transmitting each delayed first weighted signal through its corresponding antenna array element.

Abstract: To retain a beam direction of beamforming in a wireless communication system, an apparatus for the beamforming includes a detector for measuring change of at least one of a movement and a motion of the apparatus; and a processor for determining a beam control parameter for aligning a beam direction with a counterpart apparatus by compensating for the change of the beam direction according to at least one of the movement and the motion.

Abstract: Provided are an array antenna capable of miniaturizing an array antenna while reducing side lobes, a tag communication device and tag communication system provided with the array antenna, and a beam control method for the array antenna. When XY coordinates and a feeding phase of each antenna element (21a to 21d) are defined as the antenna element (21a) (0, Y1)·?1, the antenna element (21b) (?X1, 0)·?2, the antenna element (21c) (X2, 0)·?3, the antenna element (21d) (0, ?Y2)·?4, wavelengths of ?, and directivity directions of ?, each of the feeding phases is set so that the following conditional equations ?1=?4, ?2=2?·X1·sin(?)/?+?1, ?3=?1?2?·X2·sin(?)/? are all satisfied.

Abstract: A beamformer is arranged to receive an input from a first antenna element and from at least one other antenna element and to generate at least a first and second output beam. The first and second output beams are combined at a connecting port such that signals received at the first antenna element are constructively combined at the connecting port and signals received at another antenna element or elements are destructively combined at the connecting port, so that a receiver connected to the connecting port may receive signals from the first antenna element and may not receive signals from the other antenna element or elements. The arrangement may also be used to transmit a signal which is fed into the connecting point from the first antenna element and not from the other antenna element or elements.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for beamforming includes a detector for measuring at least one change of movement and rotation of an apparatus; and a calculator for determining a beamforming parameter for aligning a beam direction with another apparatus by compensating for the change of the beam direction according to at least one of the movement and the rotation.

Abstract: A antenna system for generating and distributing power among a plurality of non-focused beams is provided The system comprises a reflector having a focal plane and a non-parabolic curvature configured to form the defocused beams. The curvature is configured to create a symmetrical quadratic phase-front in an aperture plane of the reflector. The system further comprises a plurality of feed antennas disposed in the focal plane of the reflector and configured to illuminate the reflector. Each feed antenna is configured to contribute power toward each of the defocused beams. The system further comprises a plurality of fixed-amplitude amplifiers, at least one of which corresponds to each feed antenna.

Abstract: In one aspect, a system includes a first circuit board that includes integrated circuits, a first thermal spreader coupled to the integrated circuits of the first circuit board, a first compliant board coupled to the first circuit board, a second circuit board that includes integrated circuits and a second thermal spreader coupled to the integrated circuits of the second circuit board. The first circuit board and the first thermal spreader have a first thickness. The second daughter board and the second thermal spreader have a second thickness. The system further includes a second compliant board coupled to the second circuit board, a board assembly coupled to first and second compliant boards and a cold-plate assembly in contact with the first and second thermal spreaders. Either of the first or the second compliant boards is configured to expand or contract to account for the differences between the first and second thicknesses.

Abstract: A telecommunications satellite having a phased array antenna, wherein the beam-forming function within the phased array is simplified by partitioning it into two stages, in which the sub-array stage relates to a fixed, or infrequently changed, set of overlapping sub-arrays and the main stage provides the main pattern reconfiguration, typically in the form of multiple reconfigurable spot beams within a defined coverage region. The key advantage lies in the significant reduction in number of second stage beam-forming control points (at which independent amplitude and phase is applied) when compared with a conventional phased array (where amplitude and phase control is applied for each element of the array). The sub-array stage beam-forming may be implemented in analogue technology. The main beam-former may be implemented in digital technology, where the key processing functions of A/D or D/A conversion, frequency (de)multiplexing and digital beam-forming all scale with the number of control points.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a node (1) in a wireless communication system, the node (1) comprising at least one antenna (2) which is arranged to cover a first sector (3) in a first direction (4) and comprises a number (A) of antenna ports (5, 6, 7, 8), which number (A) is at least four. The antenna ports (5, 6, 7, 8) are connected to a transformation matrix (9) which is arranged for transforming the antenna ports (5, 6, 7, 8) to at least a first set (S1) of virtual antenna ports (10, 11) and a second set (S2) of virtual antenna ports (12, 13), each set (S1, S2) comprising a number (B) of virtual antenna ports (10, 11; 12, 13). The present invention also relates to a corresponding method.

Abstract: Receiver using antenna beam forming for tracking a transmitter signal and method for tracking the transmitter signal. The receiver includes a beam forming network comprising at least one beam forming channel for weighting each of N signals received from an N-element antenna array with an assigned weighting factor for forming a beam for tracking a transmitter signal of a certain transmitter, and a calibrator structured and arranged to calibrate the weighting factor (Wi) assigned to a signal (i) selected from the N signals by determining an average phase difference (??) between consecutive samples of the selected signal and consecutive samples of a reference signal and structured and arranged to adapt the weighting factor (Wi) of the selected signal depending on the determined average phase difference (??), where (i) is a number between 1 and N.

Abstract: A mechanism for processing beamforming steering matrices in a transceiver system. A plurality of beamforming steering matrices associated with a plurality of subcarriers of an RF signal received at the transceiver system are generated. The beamforming steering matrices are compressed and stored. The beamforming steering matrices may also be grouped or sub-sampled prior to being stored. The beamforming steering matrices are decompressed and ungrouped before being applied to data to be transmitted. Prior to ungrouping the beamforming steering matrices, a phase difference between corresponding beamforming steering vectors of consecutive beamforming steering matrices is determined. Phase rotation is performed on the corresponding beamforming steering vectors based on the determined phase difference associated with the corresponding beamforming steering vectors to improve phase continuity between consecutive beamforming steering matrices.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing capacity and performance of a base station for a sectorized cellular wireless network is disclosed in which one of the sector antennas is replaced or supplanted by a novel sub-sector antenna that generates a plurality of asymmetrical sub-sector coverage areas that collectively substantially cover the coverage area of the replaced sector antenna. The use of asymmetrical coverage areas permits the total coverage area to closely approximate the symmetrical sector coverage area without creating excessively large sub-sector handover zones or introducing severe degradation in the network performance. This in turn permits the selective replacement of a single sector antenna rather than the wholesale replacement of all sector antennas in a region, leading to lower transitional costs and the ability to provide a focused approach to capacity planning.

Abstract: A method is provided for using an antenna array to create two beams (a first beam and a second beam). In one aspect, the method uses dual polarization beam forming, which allows for many degrees of freedom in designing a desired power pattern. The method is well suited for systems with multiple radio chains (e.g., systems with active antennas). The method is also well suited for multi-port systems such as TD-SCDMA. In some embodiments, the method produces two beams where (a) the shape of the power beam pattern for the first beam and the shape of the power beam pattern for the second beam are the same (or substantially the same) in a plurality of directions of interest and (b) the beams have orthogonal (or substantially orthogonal) polarizations in the coverage area.

Abstract: A method for estimating a target direction of a wideband signal received on an electronically steered array includes: applying convolutional or stretch processing to spatial frequency data of the wideband signal; initializing a stabilization direction to a beam pointing direction; stabilizing the spatial frequency data to the stabilization direction; compressing the spatial frequency data to a plurality of frequency range or time bins; selecting range or time bins and forming a covariance matrix; calculating an estimated target direction using the covariance matrix; determining if a stabilization direction accuracy condition is met; recalculating the stabilization direction based on the estimated target direction if the stabilization direction accuracy condition is not met; and iteratively repeating until the stabilization direction accuracy condition is met.

Abstract: In an exemplary embodiment, a monolithic active solution is configured to generate the fixed spatial beams of a Butler matrix operation or a Blass matrix operation. The exemplary Butler matrix comprises active RF hybrids and vector generators, and is designed for broadband performance in an ultra-compact size, which is size independent of the operating frequency. Furthermore, an exemplary Blass matrix comprises vector generators, active power combiners, and active power splitters. The Blass matrix is designed for broadband performance in an ultra-compact size, which is size independent of the operating frequency. Both the exemplary Butler matrix and exemplary Blass matrix may be configured generate steerable beams. Advantages of both the exemplary Butler matrix and exemplary Blass matrix include that they have neutral or slight positive power gain rather than high losses, and have ultra broadband range which enables operation over multiple frequency bands.

Abstract: A displaced feed antenna which has a spaced conducting plate construction that incorporates electronically selectable feed points with associated antenna beam positions, and which comprises (i) a set of one or more beamforming configurations composed of layered, interlinking spaced conducting plates and conducting boundaries that are separated by cavities containing dielectric material or free space; (ii) a set of one or more internal focusing devices for each beamforming configuration to route radio frequency energy to or from the displaced feed points in receive and transmit modes respectively; (iii) a linear or curved array of displaced feeds for each beamforming configuration for coupling radio frequency energy into, or from, the cavity between the plates; (iv) a selection device to allow definable overlapping regions of the focussing devices to be illuminated for each beamforming configuration; and (v) array elements for each beamforming configuration between spaced conducting plates to free space, allow

Abstract: An exemplary aperiodic antenna array comprises a plurality of first elements radiating electromagnetic energy over a first bandwidth including a first frequency. Each of the first elements is spaced apart from a pattern center by an element distance and from the nearest first element by an element spacing in a regulated pattern. In the regulated pattern, the element spacing increases as the element distance increases. The plurality of first elements are configured to generate a first radiation pattern. The antenna array also comprises a second element positioned within a group of first elements from the plurality of first elements. Each element distance between the first elements in the group of first elements is greater than one-half of a first wavelength corresponding to the first frequency. The second element is configured to generate a second radiation pattern. The second radiation pattern combines with the first radiation pattern to form a composite radiation pattern.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus for ground-based beamforming of a satellite communications payload (200) within a satellite communications network (100). An embodiment of the invention comprises a satellite (11) communicatively coupled to at least one gateway (12) via a feeder link (13) and a plurality of user terminals (16), each communicatively coupled with the satellite by a user link (17) where a ground based beam forming system (400) receives, via feeder link (13), return path signals (452) traveling from the user terminals (16) via the satellite (11) to the at least one gateway (12) and forward path signals (457) traveling from the at least one gateway (12) via the satellite (11) to the user terminals (16), and measures and corrects amplitude and phase errors of the return path signals (452) and the forward path signals (457).

Abstract: Provided are an antenna beam directivity apparatus and an antenna beam directivity method by which directivity accuracy of the antenna beam can be improved without adding a large scale device. The antenna beam directivity apparatus, having an array power feeding system, is provided with: input signal vector generating means for generating an input signal vector based on an input signal; weight vector holding means for holding a weight vector; weight correcting means for correcting the weight vector based on a value of an inner product of the input signal vector and the weight vector, so that the value of the inner product becomes a first value for a reference signal; and beam forming means for forming a null beam in a direction of the reference signal.

Abstract: A mechanism for processing beamforming steering matrices in a transceiver system. A plurality of beamforming steering matrices associated with a plurality of subcarriers of an RF signal received at the transceiver system are generated. The beamforming steering matrices are compressed and stored. The beamforming steering matrices may also be grouped or sub-sampled prior to being stored. The beamforming steering matrices are decompressed and ungrouped before being applied to data to be transmitted. Prior to ungrouping the beamforming steering matrices, a phase difference between corresponding beamforming steering vectors of consecutive beamforming steering matrices is determined. Phase rotation is performed on the corresponding beamforming steering vectors based on the determined phase difference associated with the corresponding beamforming steering vectors to improve phase continuity between consecutive beamforming steering matrices.

Abstract: In accordance with a method for distributed beamforming based on carrier to caused interference, a base station may receive channel state information from users. The base station may select a codeword from a codebook. The codeword may be selected so as to maximize a utility function that is based on a signal-to-caused-interference-plus-noise ratio. The base station may use the codeword for beamforming.

Abstract: A method for iterative estimation of a set of unknown channel parameters in a beamforming network including determining a first order estimate of offsets at measurement nodes and an estimate of the confidence in the initial estimate of the measurement nodes' offsets, and iterating, until a desired estimation accuracy is obtained, determining an improved estimate of a parameter set, and the confidence in the estimates, using the prior estimate of the offsets at the measurement nodes and determining an improved estimate of the offsets at the measurement nodes and the associated confidence values using the prior estimate of the parameter set and the corresponding confidence values.

Abstract: An array antenna system in a BS has a horizontal-beam-radiation-pattern-forming module for receiving/outputting a plurality of transmission/reception signals from/to a BTS via the input/output ports at the one end of the horizontal-beam-radiation-pattern-former, and receiving/outputting a plurality of transmission/reception signals from/to a plurality of antennas via the input/output ports at the other end of the horizontal-beam-radiation-pattern-former, and a plurality of vertical-beam-radiation-pattern-forming modules installed on the plurality of antennas, respectively, to form a vertical beam radiation pattern for the transmission/reception signals, each for receiving a transmission signal from the horizontal-beam-radiation-pattern-forming module, dividing the transmission signal, providing the divided signal to antenna elements, filtering and amplifying signals received from the antenna elements according to a predetermined reception band, combining the amplified signals, and providing the combined signa

Abstract: An antenna system comprising at least two antenna radiating elements and respective reference ports the ports being defined by a symmetrical antenna scattering N×N matrix. The system further comprises a compensating network connected to the reference ports. The compensating network is arranged for counteracting coupling between the antenna radiating elements. The compensating network is defined by a symmetrical compensating scattering 2N×2N matrix comprising four N×N blocks, the two blocks on the main diagonal containing all zeros and the other two blocks of the other diagonal containing a unitary N×N matrix and its transpose. The product between the unitary matrix, the scattering N×N matrix and the transpose of the unitary matrix equals an N×N matrix which essentially is a diagonal matrix. The present invention also relates to a method for calculating a compensating scattering 2N×2N matrix for a compensating network for an antenna system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of generating two beams, having orthogonal polarizations, covering a selected area using an antenna (20) comprising multiple dual-polarized array elements (11). Each dual-polarized array element having a first phase centre (18) associated with a first polarization and a second phase centre (18) associated with a second polarization. The method comprises: designing a first weight matrix having a first non-zero weight vector for the first polarization and a second non-zero weight vector for the second polarization, calculating a second weight matrix based on the weight vectors of the first weight matrix, and applying the first and second weight matrix to the dual-polarized array elements to generate a second beam covering the selected area.

Abstract: A receive only smart antenna with a command pointing option for communicating with geostationary satellites that autonomously detects the directions from which desired signal are received, and steer the multiple beams accordingly. An array feed is used to illuminate a parabolic reflector. Each feed element of the receive only smart antenna is associated with a unique beam pointing direction. As a receiver is switched to different feed elements, the far-field beam is scanned, making it possible to track a geostationary satellite in a slightly inclined orbit. This eliminates the need for mechanical tracking and maintains high antenna gain in the direction of the geostationary satellite. The receive only smart antenna also features capabilities to form multiple simultaneous beams supporting operations of multiple geo-satellites in closely spaced slightly inclined orbits. The designs can support orthogonal beams for enhanced bandwidth capacity via multiple beams with excellent spatial isolation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a beam forming method and a multiple antenna system using the same. There is provided a multiple antenna system which forms optimal beam patterns through a transmission of a training sequence between a transmitter and a receiver, each including a plurality of antennas, the multiple antenna system comprising: a transmitter selecting antennas to be activated according to a level and transmitting the training sequence to a receiver through the selected antennas; a receiver selecting the antennas to be activated according to the level and transmitting to the transmitter an index of an optimal transmission weight vector significantly reducing a cost function based on the training sequence transmitted from the transmitter, wherein the transmitter selects antennas so that the beam patterns formed by the antennas selected at a q-th level (q: the index of the level) include the beam patterns formed by the antennas selected at a q+1-th level.

Abstract: The method for beamforming in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: receiving a sounding packet so as to estimate channel state information between a transmitter and a receiver; generating a beamforming matrix in accordance with the channel state information; generating a beamforming steering matrix by multiplying the beamforming matrix by a rotation matrix; and feeding back the beamforming steering matrix.

Abstract: To suppress an adverse effect caused by side lobes of an antenna array when determining an AWV to be used in communication. A first communication device transmits/receives a training signal while scanning a beam pattern, and a second communication device receives/transmits the training signal with a fixed beam pattern. A primary DOD/DOA in the first communication device is determined based on the transmission/reception result of the training signal. Then, second round training is performed. In this point, the first communication device transmits/receives the training signal while scanning a beam pattern in a state where transmission to the primary DOD or reception from the primary DOA is restricted. A secondary DOD/DOA is determined based on the result of the second round training. An AWV corresponding to the primary DOD/DOA and an AWV corresponding to the secondary DOD/DOA are selectively used in communication between the first and second devices.

Abstract: A butler matrix and a multi-port amplifier having the same, capable of splitting a single input signal into N-signals or combining N-signals into a single output are provided. The hybrids are provided in a predetermined disposition, the input port and the output port of the hybrids are provided in a predetermined direction and the waveguides are provided in a bended structure such that paths for connecting the hybrids have no crossing portion.

Abstract: An antenna has multiple antenna elements, with a beam forming Butler matrix, having antenna ports and input/output ports, with each of said antenna elements being connected to a respective port of the beam forming Butler matrix. Transceiver circuitry is connected to each of the input/output ports of the beam forming matrix by means of respective distinct transmit and receive paths and a respective duplexer. Individually controllable gain control elements are located in each of the transmit and receive paths. These can be controlled in response to signal strength measurements made by the antenna.

Abstract: To suppress adverse effects caused by side lobes of an antenna array when an AWV to be used for communication is determined based on a transmission/reception result of a training signal. A first transceiver generates a fixed beam pattern and transmits a training signal. In that state, a second transceiver receives the training signal while scanning for the main beam direction, and thereby determines a plurality of direction of arrivals (DOAs). Next, the second transceiver receives the training signal in a state where the signal receptions from the plurality of DODs are restricted one by one (e.g., a null direction or a direction close to the null direction is fixed in the DOA), and calculates the change of the signal characteristics from that obtained in the first reception.

Abstract: A wireless communication system can include polarization agile antennas to enable adaptation to the polarization characteristics of a changing propagation channel. In one embodiment, a mobile terminal can include one or more polarization-agile antennas, and can select polarization orientations that are preferentially propagated through the changing propagation channel. In another embodiment, a mobile terminal having two polarization-agile antennas can provide spatial diversity, polarization diversity, or combinations of both. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can include polarization-agile antennas to allow for switching between spatial and polarization diversity, combined spatial and polarization diversity, and various Eigen channel decompositions using spatial, polarization, and combined spatial and polarization dimensions. An extended polar normalization provides enhanced fidelity for methods of communications system modeling.

Abstract: A technique for determining the angles of arrival of signals incident on an antenna array from directions within an angular region of interest involves supplying outputs of antenna elements of the antenna array to a number of different weight generators. Each of the weight generators produces a set of beam-forming weights that maximizes a signal-to-interference ratio of a locally generated signal corresponding to a look angle that is outside the region of interest, with signals at different look angles being supplied to the different weight generators. An annihilation operator is determined from the sets of beam-forming weights generated by the weight generators and from beam-forming vectors representing the look angles of the locally generated signals used in the weight generators. The annihilation operator is applied to a group of beam-forming vectors representing angles within the region of interest to determine angles of arrival of signals within the region of interest.

Abstract: A mechanism for mitigating inter-user interference in a multi-user wireless communication environment is disclosed. A first network device determines a plurality of steering matrices, associated with a corresponding plurality of subcarriers, for each of multiple destination devices associated with the first network device. A phase difference between corresponding steering vectors of each pair of consecutive steering matrices of the plurality of steering matrices associated with each of the destination devices is determined and phase rotation is performed to maintain phase continuity between the consecutive steering matrices. One or more pre-coding matrices are calculated based on at least a subset of the plurality of steering matrices associated with the multiple destination devices. The one or more pre-coding matrices are applied to data to be transmitted to the multiple destination devices to mitigate interference between each of the multiple destination devices.

Abstract: A MIMO channel frequency response matrix is decomposed into a frequency-related part and a constant part. The constant part is independent of subcarrier index and of number of subcarriers in one symbol interval. Separated QR decomposition and either SVD or GMD is applied to the two parts. A right unitary matrix (R) is obtained from the SVD or GMD applied to the constant part. QR decomposition is applied to the constant part to generate a beamforming matrix (V). In another embodiment, a selection criterion based on a correlation matrix distance is used to select a beamforming matrix that is independent of subcarrier, the selected matrix is retrieved from a local memory and applied to a received signal. Noise covariance is computed for a noise expression which considers interference generated from the applied beamforming matrix. Data detection is performed on the received signal by a MIMO data detector using the noise covariance.

Abstract: A method for determining beamforming weights used onboard a satellite and ground-based beamforming weights used in a ground-based station as part of a satellite communication system. This beamforming method is a two-stage beamforming process that requires a reduced downlink bandwidth between the satellite and the ground-based station yet achieves optimal signal-to-noise ratio for bandwidth allocated for the downlink. values for the fixed onboard beamforming weights are computed to yield a maximum, max A ? ( min U ? S N ? ? W = W ? ) , where the maximum is computed over all possible fixed weights A represented by an L×M matrix, the minimum is computed over all possible positions of remote communication devices U, and the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is computed for the optimal set of ground-based beamforming weights W={hacek over (W)}.

Abstract: A method of providing signal coverage in a wireless network includes establishing communications between a first wireless access unit and a second wireless access unit. In response to a communications device, the first wireless access unit weighting factor is modified to provide the communications device with optimal signal coverage. The first radiation weighting factor is transmitted to the second wireless access unit, which modifies its own weighting factor to provide the communications device with sufficient signal coverage.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, generating an array correlation matrix includes interfacing with an antenna system that has antenna elements. The antenna elements receive incoming signals, and each antenna generates a response signal in response to receiving the signals. The following is performed for a number of iterations to yield summed signals: controlling weights of the antenna elements to weight the response signals; and receiving a summed signal comprising a sum of the weighted signals. An array correlation matrix is generated from the summed signals.

Abstract: A method of analog beamforming in a wireless communication system is disclosed. The system has a plurality of transmit antennas and receive antennas. In one aspect, the method includes determining information representative of communication channels formed between a transmit antenna and a receive antenna of the plurality of antennas, defining a set of coefficients representing jointly the transmit and the receive beamforming coefficients, determining a beamforming cost function using the information and the set of coefficients, determining an optimized set of coefficients by exploiting the beamforming cost function, and separating the optimized set of coefficients into optimized transmit beamforming coefficients and optimized receive beamforming coefficients.

Abstract: An antenna has multiple antenna elements, with a beam forming Butler matrix, having antenna ports and input/output ports, with each of said antenna elements being connected to a respective port of the beam forming Butler matrix. Transceiver circuitry is connected to each of the input/output ports of the beam forming matrix by means of respective distinct transmit and receive paths and a respective duplexer. Individually controllable gain control elements are located in each of the transmit and receive paths. These can be controlled in response to signal strength measurements made by the antenna.

Abstract: A mechanism for processing beamforming steering matrices in a transceiver system. A plurality of beamforming steering matrices associated with a plurality of subcarriers of an RF signal received at the transceiver system are generated. The beamforming steering matrices are compressed and stored. The beamforming steering matrices may also be grouped or sub-sampled prior to being stored. The beamforming steering matrices are decompressed and ungrouped before being applied to data to be transmitted. Prior to ungrouping the beamforming steering matrices, a phase difference between corresponding beamforming steering vectors of consecutive beamforming steering matrices is determined. Phase rotation is performed on the corresponding beamforming steering vectors based on the determined phase difference associated with the corresponding beamforming steering vectors to improve phase continuity between consecutive beamforming steering matrices.

Abstract: A vertically integrated electronically steered phased array that employs beamsteering using a programmable phase locked loop including a local oscillator. The local oscillator provides an oscillator signal that is converted to an RF signal that can be either up-converted for a transmit operation or down-converted for a receive operation. The relative off-set between independently generated local oscillator signals forms the basis of the off-set phase required for a phased array. The absolute measure of off-set phase is referenced to a globally distributed clock signal that aligns the zero degree phase shift of the oscillator.