Abstract: An air traffic control system in which an airborne GPS receiver on a trans-oceanic flight is provided pseudo range correction data and satellite integrity information from a group of terrestrial HF transmitters, transmitting on a common set of frequencies and using a time division multiplexing scheme.

Abstract: Sensor data is generated for areas around a vehicle. Any objects detected in the sensor data are identified and a kinematic state for the object determined. The kinematic states for the detected objects are compared with the kinematic state of the vehicle. If it is likely that a collision will occur between the detected objects and the local vehicle, a warning is automatically generated to notify the vehicle operator of the impending collision. The sensor data and kinematic state of the vehicle can be transmitted to other vehicles so that the other vehicles are also notified of possible collision conditions.

Abstract: A system for preventing lane deviation of a vehicle and a control method thereof are provided, in which control is performed to prevent the vehicle from inadvertently deviating from a lane. The system comprises a detector including a lane marker detector for detector lane markers that define a lane in the road, and a lane marker ECU for determining a transverse position of the vehicle using signals of the lane marker detector; a controller for determining if the vehicle is deviating from the lane by receiving information transmitted by the detector, determining steering control angle and steering control time according to a vehicle speed and a heading angle at the instant the vehicle is deviating from the lane, and outputting control signals following lane deviation prevention such that an automatic drive mode is realized until the vehicle reaches a center of the lane; and a steering driver controlled by the control signals output from the controller.

Abstract: A vehicle surrounding monitoring apparatus includes an object position detecting means for periodically detecting a distance of from the self vehicle to the object that exists in the periphery of the self vehicle and an orientation directed from the self vehicle toward the object; an object position converting means for calculating the estimated values of a distance and an orientation which are estimated when said object is detected at the present time; an stop object judging means for judging whether said object is a stop object, or not; and a relative speed calculating means for judging whether the previous object and the present object which are detected by said object position detecting means are identical with each other, or not, to calculate the relative speed on the basis of the relative position of the same object.

Abstract: A passive Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and method is based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages without the TCAS computer having to interrogate the transponders of the respective aircraft flying in formation (i.e., a passive TCAS). A TCAS computer and Mode-S transponder are used to provide distributed intra-formation control among multiple cells of aircraft flying in formation or close-in. The Mode-S transponder provides ADS-B Global Positioning System (GPS) squitter data to the TCAS computer; the TCAS computer receives and processes the data without having to interrogate the transponders of the multiple cells of aircraft. The method and system allow a safe separation between 2 to 250 aircraft flying in formation at selectable ranges.

Abstract: A collision warning system includes pairs of optical sensors integral to a moving vehicle. Each of the optical sensors of the pairs of said sensors is enabled for the detection of visible light magnitudes and infrared light magnitudes in the external vicinity of the vehicle, and for creating corresponding electrical signals. Temporal changes in the magnitudes of the electrical signals and a probability of a collision with an object external to the vehicle, are determined and a warning signal is generated when collision is possible. Warning information is presented to alert a vehicle operator as to the possible collision. A reference sensor and an object sensor, are enabled for generating the related electrical signals. The reference and object sensors are positioned in such proximity as to determine when a collision object has entered a sensing field of view.

Abstract: A passive Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and method is based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages without the TCAS computer having to interrogate the transponders of the respective aircraft flying in formation (i.e., a passive TCAS). A TCAS computer and Mode-S transponder are used to provide distributed intra-formation control among multiple cells of aircraft flying in formation or close-in. The Mode-S transponder provides ADS-B Global Positioning System (GPS) squitter data to the TCAS computer; the TCAS computer receives and processes the data without having to interrogate the transponders of the multiple cells of aircraft. The method and system allow a safe separation between 2 to 250 aircraft flying in formation at selectable ranges.

Abstract: In vehicle velocity control apparatus and method for an automotive vehicle, a first following control is allowed to be executed when a vehicle velocity of the vehicle (host vehicle) Vcar is equal to or higher than a first set vehicle velocity V1 and a second following control is allowed to be executed when the vehicle velocity of the host vehicle Vcar is equal to or lower than a second set vehicle velocity V2 which is lower than first set vehicle velocity V1 . Hence, a vehicle driver can accurately determine which of the first and second following controls is being executed by confirming the vehicle velocity of the host vehicle Vcar at which the corresponding one of the controls is started to be executed through a speedometer of the vehicle.

Abstract: A circuit and method for displaying a vertical profile view of situational awareness information.

Abstract: A practical object recognition method and a vehicle surroundings monitoring apparatus using this method are provided which are efficient in data processing even when quite a lot of detection points data are obtained by using a scanning type laser radar. A laser radar scanningly irradiates electromagnetic waves around a subject vehicle on which the vehicle surroundings monitoring apparatus is mounted, detects the electromagnetic waves reflected from objects lying around the subject vehicle, and outputs a plurality of directions of scanning irradiation and detected distances from the subject vehicle to the objects in the respective directions of scanning irradiation. A recognition unit detects, based on the detection results of the laser radar, a relative position and a relative speed of each of the objects lying around the subject vehicle with respect to the subject vehicle. The recognition unit stores whether or not detection points data (i.e.

Abstract: A process for the automatic regulation of the distance between a vehicle to be regulated and another vehicle is employed in a vehicle which has a distance regulating device and a braking system which is actuable by the distance regulating device. When the distance regulating device emits a brake actuation signal to the braking system, a brake control device actuates the brakes thereby regulating the distance between the vehicle to be regulated and the other vehicle. Prior to emitting the brake actuation signal, the distance regulating device emits a braking readiness signal to the braking system thereby causing the braking system to assume a braking readiness state. The distance regulating device emits the braking readiness signal when it detects, based on the travel and road conditions surrounding the vehicle to be regulated, that braking will occur shortly.

Abstract: A braking control system includes an object detector, a host vehicle speed sensor, and a control unit configured to be electronically connected to at least the object detector and the host vehicle speed sensor for automatically controlling, depending on a host vehicle speed and a relative distance, a braking force needed for an automatic braking operation, containing preliminary braking control and supplementary braking control, without driver's braking action when a host vehicle is approaching a frontally positioned object. The control unit detects the presence or absence of a driver's intention for lane-changing. In the presence of the driver's intention for lane-changing, the preliminary braking control initiated prior to the driver's braking action is inhibited or the degree of limitation on the supplementary braking control, through which a value of a controlled quantity is brought closer to a target deceleration rate needed for collision-avoidance, is reduced.

Abstract: A position detection apparatus can accurately detect user's own position and other user's position. The position detection apparatus includes a position detecting means (1) for detecting user's own position, a memory means (2) for storing therein map information, a transmitting-receiving means (4) for transmitting user's own identification data and user's own position information from the position detecting means (1) and receiving other user's identification data and other user's position information and a display means (3) supplied with user'own position information from the position detecting means (1), other user's position information from the transmitting-receiving means (4) and the map information from the memory means (2) and displaying a map on which marks indicating user's or other user's position or user's own and other user's positions are put.

Abstract: A collision warning system includes pairs of optical sensors integral to a moving vehicle. Each of the optical sensors of the pairs of said sensors is enabled for the detection of visible light magnitudes and infrared light magnitudes in the external vicinity of the vehicle, and for creating corresponding electrical signals. Temporal changes in the magnitudes of the electrical signals and a probability of a collision with an object external to the vehicle, are determined and a warning signal is generated when collision is possible. Warning information is presented to alert a vehicle operator as to the possible collision. A reference sensor and an object sensor, are enabled for generating the related electrical signals. The reference and object sensors are positioned in such proximity as to determine when a collision object has entered a sensing field of view.

Abstract: A system for rapidly associating a set of tracks with a set of sensor observations. Look-up tables are formed, with each look-up table being associated with a portion of a geometric surface surrounding the sensor so that the table cells correspond to various directions in free space in which sensor observations may be made. On the edges of each look-up table are overlap boundary rows of cells which contain the same sensor data as cells of the adjacent table. The observations from a sensor are populated into the tables based upon the directional orientation of the observations. Predicted values are calculated for each target object data track, and groups of cells surrounding the predicted values are searched for sensor observation data to match with each track. Having overlap boundary rows for each table which contain redundant data from the edge of the adjacent table allows the search for sensor data to match with a track to be performed within a single table.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, an adaptive cruise control system includes a radio frequency (RF) transmit receive (TR) sensor module (or more simply “sensor”) disposed such that a detection zone is deployed in front of a vehicle. The sensor includes a sensor antenna system which comprises a transmit antenna for emitting or transmitting an RF signal and a receive antenna for receiving portions of the transmitted RF signal which are intercepted by one or more objects within a field of view of the transmit antenna and reflected back toward the receive antenna. With this particular arrangement, a detection system that detects objects in a region about a front of a vehicle is provided. If the system determines that the vehicle is approaching an object or that an object is approaching the vehicle, then the sensor initiates steps that are carried out in accordance with a set of rules that control an accelerator of the vehicle.

Abstract: The following distance alarming apparatus includes a memory responsive to an output signal value of a sensor, which changes in accordance with a driver's operation for speed adjustment of a subject vehicle, having remained unchanged for a prescribed time period, for storing a reference value for the output signal value of the sensor, and an alarming circuit determining a possibility of collision of the subject vehicle with a preceding vehicle, based on a following distance measured by a following distance measuring device when the output signal value from the sensor remained unchanged for the prescribed time period, the output signal value from the sensor and the reference value stored in the memory, and outputting a warning sound.

Abstract: The function of each autonomous vehicle in a surface mine is performed according to a predetermined trajectory related to its particular task and implemented by a guidance system through on-board GPS and two-way communication hardware. The current position of the vehicle is continuously monitored and correlated to the position of potential hazards along its path, so that corrective action can be taken by implementing appropriate, predetermined control strategies. Each vehicle is assigned a safety envelope that accounts for the vehicle's physical presence and operating tolerances. The safety envelope is characteristic of each vehicle and is defined by a variable space surrounding the vehicle wherein it may be physically present as it travels along its intended trajectory. The shape and size of the safety envelope is dynamically varied to meet safety requirements for current trajectory conditions facing the vehicle as it performs its autonomous function along its predetermined path.

Abstract: There is disclosed herein a method for detecting objects in a predicted path of a host vehicle moving on a highway lane. The method is for use in a system including a forward looking sensor, preferably a radar system, for providing range, angle and velocity data for objects within a field of view in front of the host vehicle, measuring systems for providing velocity and yaw rate data for the host vehicle, and a processing system responsive to the forward looking sensor and the measuring systems. The method includes the unordered steps of (a) calculating an estimated path of the host vehicle based on its velocity and yaw rate; (b) calculating estimated paths for each of the objects; (c) determining the lateral distance of each object from the predicted path of the host vehicle; and (d) classifying each object as either in or out of the highway lane of the host vehicle.

Abstract: An on-vehicle DBF radar apparatus is mounted on a vehicle and is arranged to detect an object around the vehicle by scanning with radar beams synthesized by digital signal processing. The radar apparatus has a lane shape acquiring section for acquiring a shape of a lane on which the vehicle is driving. In the radar apparatus a scanning range of the radar beams is limited according to the shape of the lane acquired by the lane shape acquiring section. The radar apparatus has advantages of high detection rate and detection accuracy.

Abstract: A method for a subject vehicle to avoid collisions is provided. At least one lane feeding into an intersection is scanned. The presence of a threat vehicle in the at least one lane is detected. Whether the subject vehicle and the threat vehicle will occupy the intersection at the same time is predicted. A warning is issued in response to the predicting.

Abstract: The present invention provides an intelligent cruise control device installed in a host vehicle and used for performing follow-up cruise control to follow up a moving target located in front of the host vehicle by supplying an operating signal to an auto cruise control device which is used for carrying out auto cruise control to adjust the speed of the host vehicle by carrying out an operation indicated by the operating signal generated by the operating part in accordance with an operation type such as acceleration and deceleration specified by the driver so that the host vehicle is running at the adjusted speed.

Abstract: GPS satellite (4) ranging signals (6) received (32) on comm1, and DGPS auxiliary range correction signals and pseudolite carrier phase ambiguity resolution signals (8) from a fixed known earth base station (10) received (34) on comm2, at one of a plurality of vehicles/aircraft/automobiles (2) are computer processed (36) to continuously determine the one's kinematic tracking position on a pathway (14) with centimeter accuracy. That GPS-based position is communicated with selected other status information to each other one of the plurality of vehicles (2), to the one station (10), and/or to one of a plurality of control centers (16), and the one vehicle receives therefrom each of the others' status information and kinematic tracking position. Objects (22) are detected from all directions (300) by multiple supplemental mechanisms, e.g., video (54), radar/lidar (56), laser and optical scanners. Data and information are computer processed and analyzed (50, 52, 200, 452) in neural networks (132, FIGS.

Abstract: A passive Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and method is based on receiving and processing Mode-S transponder messages without the TCAS computer having to interrogate the transponders of the respective aircraft flying in formation (i.e., a passive TCAS). A TCAS computer and Mode-S transponder are used to provide distributed intra-formation control among multiple cells of aircraft flying in formation or close-in. The Mode-S transponder provides ADS-B Global Positioning System (GPS) squitter data to the TCAS computer; the TCAS computer receives and processes the data without having to interrogate the transponders of the multiple cells of aircraft. The method and system allow a safe separation between 2 to 250 aircraft flying in formation at selectable ranges.

Abstract: According to the invention, a system utilizing satellites of known locations produces a sky map containing quality values relating locations in the sky to the quality of signals received from those locations. The sky map reflects known variability in signals received from satellites at selected areas of azimuth and elevation based upon historical data collected at a fixed or known GPS receiver location. The system uses the quality values to assign a weight to each set of measurements for that area in the sky. The invention thus improves the accuracy of GPS positioning by providing a good indicator of the quality of the measurements.

Abstract: A control ratio (&ggr;) of a distance deviation (&Dgr;d) to a target distance (dm) is obtained to control a space between two traveling vehicles. The distance deviation (&Dgr;d) is the difference between an actual distance (d) and the target distance (dm). A target control quantity, such as acceleration, engine torque or vehicle speed, is determined in accordance with the obtained control ratio (&ggr;) so as to equalize the actual distance (d) to the target distance (dm).

Abstract: A device for acquiring data indicative of the path of a lane is provided. The device incorporates a lane detection sensing circuit, an object position sensing circuit that detects at least the distance of an object located in front of the vehicle and its directional angle relative to the direction of vehicle motion, and a sensing circuit for the vehicle's own motion. An estimating device is provided that is supplied with lane recognition measurement data, object position measurement data, and measurement data on the vehicle's own motion. As a function of the vehicle's own motion, the estimating device determines the lane curvature and/or the transverse position of an object ahead of the vehicle relative to the lane by estimation, using a presettable estimation algorithm including a dynamic vehicle motion model. The device preferably includes a Kalman filter for this purpose, and is used, for example, in road vehicles.

Abstract: A system and method for determining the distance between an object and a device of varying location, in which a first or second sensor arranged on the device emits a signal which is reflected by the object. The reflected signal is received by the sensor transmitting the signal and by the respective other sensor, and an evaluation device determines the propagation times between the transmission of the signal and the reception of the signal for each sensor and determines therefrom all the possible positions of the objects relative to the device of varying location referred to the sensor. The distance from the motor vehicle being determined from the corresponding positions of the measurements.

Abstract: A processional travel control apparatus that allows processional travel with a leading vehicle driven by a driver and a plurality of succeeding vehicles automatically following the leading vehicle, each of the vehicles 1-1 is provided with: an input device 1-2 for entering the total number of vehicles in a procession and the sequence number of each vehicle in the procession; a vehicle setting device 1-3 for setting each vehicle 1-1 as either a leading vehicle or a succeeding vehicle according to the sequence number of each vehicle 1-1 in the procession set by the input device 1-2; and a vehicle travelling control device 1-4 for instructing each vehicle 1-1 to travel in a procession according to the set sequence number in the procession. Hence a procession or the like can be formed essentially anywhere, including outside of conventional parking ports.

Abstract: A method for locating machines in space, comprises the steps of determining a location of each machine via a global positioning system calculation performed at the machine. The GPS position is used to determining a cell corresponding to the determined location in which the machine is located. Each machine waits for a time slice allocated for the cell to broadcast a message indicative of the machine's position. In turn, the broadcasted messages are received from a plurality of machines and used determine the locations of the plurality of machines.

Abstract: GPS satellite (4) ranging signals (6) received (32) on comm1, and DGPS auxiliary range correction signals and pseudolite carrier phase ambiguity resolution signals (8) from a fixed known earth base station (10) received (34) on comm2, at one of a plurality of vehicles/aircraft/automobiles (2) are computer processed (36) to continuously determine the one's kinematic tracking position on a pathway (14) with centimeter accuracy. That GPS-based position is communicated with selected other status information to each other one of the plurality of vehicles (2), to the one station (10), and/or to one of a plurality of control centers (16), and the one vehicle receives therefrom each of the others' status information and kinematic tracking position. Objects (22) are detected from all directions (300) by multiple supplemental mechanisms, e.g., video (54), radar/lidar (56), laser and optical scanners. Data and information are computer processed and analyzed (50,52,200,452) in neural networks (132, FIGS.

Abstract: An integrity monitor for TCAS mutual suppression checks the interface circuits and cabling of the suppression system that lies between the TCAS processor and the transponder. The monitor starts by interrogating the transponder while disabling suppression. If no reply is received, the transponder is not functional. If a reply is received, interrogation of the transponder occurs again, however, this time suppression is enabled. If a reply is received, the suppression system has failed and TCAS alarms will be inhibited. If a reply is not received, the suppression system is working.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a headway control for an adaptive cruise control system based on a basic headway control law derived from feedback linearization techniques. The usefulness of the linear approximations is demonstrated, and basic attributes of data which are believed important to system response are introduced. Certain modifications to a basic headway controller for enabling system performance to better meet driver expectations under real road conditions are made as a result of empirical information.

Abstract: A surroundings monitoring apparatus for an automotive vehicle, which may readily predict a road geography such as a road radius only by lane information of a vehicle and a relative position, includes a radar head 1 for detecting objects that are present around the subject vehicle and for outputting the positional information of the objects in a predetermined detection coordinate system, a vehicle identifying device (step S3) for classifying the vehicles travelling along the road and objects other than the vehicles out of the objects and a road geography prediction device (step S4) for predicting the road geography based upon the position of the travelling vehicles and the lane information in accordance with an output of the radar head and an output of the vehicle identifying device (step S3).

Abstract: An improved traffic alert and collision avoidance method and device wherein TCAS data is augmented by higher resolution radar data. By using radar to search out targets, altitude information can be developed for those aircraft not equipped with altitude reporting transponders. The improved accuracy also allows angle/angle perspective display of air traffic and thus provides enhanced situational awareness.

Abstract: A preceding vehicle, an inter-vehicle distance between a self vehicle and the preceding vehicle, vehicle speeds of the self vehicle and the preceding vehicle, an operation of a cruise control, a braking operation, a brake pressure and the like are detected and inputted to a cruise control unit. Based on these input signals, the cruise control system selects a constant speed running mode when the inter-vehicle distance is larger than a specified value and selects a following-behind running mode when the inter-vehicle distance is smaller than the specified value. When the constant speed mode is selected, the vehicle travels at a constant preset vehicle speed by operating a throttle actuator and a brake actuator. Further, when the following-behind running mode is selected, the vehicle travels keeping the inter-vehicle distance at a specified distance by the operation of the throttle actuator and the brake actuator.

Abstract: In apparatus and method for performing an automatic vehicular velocity control for an automotive vehicle, a vehicular running control such that the vehicle follows up a preceding vehicle running ahead of the vehicle maintaining an inter-vehicle distance to the preceding vehicle at a predetermined inter-vehicle distance and that a vehicular velocity variation rate is maintained at a set target vehicular velocity variation rate is effected and, when the detected vehicular velocity becomes equal to or lower than a set vehicular velocity above which the vehicular velocity control by the vehicular running controller is effected, the vehicular running control effected as described above is released and a rate of variation with time in a vehicular target acceleration/deceleration set when the control is released is moderated. In addition, an alarm unit is, provided for informing a vehicular driver of the release of control over the vehicular velocity.

Abstract: The avoidance of an obstacle by a vehicle is enhanced by effective balancing an automatic braking operation and a turnability increasing control operation assisting in a steering operation of the vehicle whereby the obstacle avoiding capability is enhanced to the maximum. If a vehicle is being automatically controlled and the steering operation is carried out by the driver and if it is determined an obstacle can be avoided by a turnability increasing control operation, and if an avoiding space exists in a direction of turning of the vehicle, the turnability increasing control operation is carried out to perform the avoidance of the obstacle by the steering operation. If no avoiding space exists in the direction of turning of the vehicle, the avoidance of the obstacle by the steering operation is not performed, and a stability increasing control operation is carried out to effectively perform the avoidance of the obstacle by the automatic braking operation.

Abstract: In automatic velocity controlling apparatus and method for an automotive vehicle, an inter-vehicle distance detector is provided for detecting an inter-vehicle distance from the vehicle to another vehicle which is running at the detected inter-vehicle distance with respect to the vehicle. A vehicular running controller is provided for effecting a vehicular running control such that the vehicle follows up the other vehicle maintaining the inter-vehicle distance to the other vehicle at a predetermined inter-vehicle distance. An inter-vehicle distance determinator is provided for determining whether the inter-vehicle distance detector transfers from a first state in which the inter-vehicle distance to the other vehicle is detected to a second state in which the inter-vehicle distance to the other vehicle is undetected.

Abstract: In a path determining section, an optimum path is calculated based on detection/storage information of a position detector, airport surface information storage section, aircraft information storage section and knowledge information storage section according to an instruction request from a request information input section of an aircraft and is indicated by a path indicator of the aircraft. Further, a collision determining section calculates the possibility of collision on the optimum path obtained in the path determining section according to the coordinates and traveling directions of all of the aircraft based on the above detection/storage information and a warning is indicated by a warning indicator of the aircraft.

Abstract: A vehicle running control apparatus for a motor vehicle is provided which is able to accomplish a braking operation that meets with the driver's intention when the vehicle is decelerated under running control, while assuring improved safety. During deceleration control, target deceleration calculating device calculates a target deceleration degree .alpha.a of the subject vehicle in accordance with a deceleration degree of the preceding vehicle (S30). When the target deceleration degree .alpha.a is smaller than a predetermined deceleration degree X1, braking control device controls an operation of an actuator so as to drive a brake system to generate braking force that corresponds to the target deceleration degree .alpha.a (S32, S36). When the target deceleration degree .alpha.

Abstract: An rear-end collision alarming device issuing an alarm for preventing a rear-end collision against a vehicle running ahead determines whether a gas pedal is operated when it is determined that a subject vehicle approaches the vehicle running ahead. If the gas pedal is not operated, this means that a driver does not react to the approach. Therefore, the device notify the driver of the approach to the vehicle running ahead through an alarm sound or light.

Abstract: An in-flight event recording system for acquiring data related to an aircraft, its physical condition and functioning, its altitude, position and speed, direction of travel, and any unusual events. The in-flight event recording system processes and stores the data and is able to continuously transmit the data to ground based receiving and storage installations.

Abstract: A device for aiding aerial navigation, carried on board an aircraft, receives on an input, status indications representing its spatial position and its velocity vector, and stores a 3D representation of the relief overflown. It comprises processing define, as a function of the status indications, an exploration sector referred to the aircraft, and calculate in this sector a contour as a function of the intersection of this sector with the relief, with a view to the displaying thereof. The sector is defined by a sheet of trajectory lines obtained on the basis of the velocity vector and of auxiliary vectors calculated by shifting the velocity vector of the aircraft according to a chosen angular scanning law.

Abstract: An apparatus and techniques for correlating crossing targets in an air traffic control system is described. The technique utilizes a target/track correlation made on the basis of three conditions: (1) separation distance between a target pair; (2) target polarity and (3) a value of a threshold separation value indicator.

Abstract: A three phase control arrangement is employed after visual detection of a target at greater range than otherwise available. The first and last phases employ an optimization criterion for which errors do not vary with distance from a target; limiting the initial error and process error in an intermediate phase which controls approach trajectory to the intended docking location and yielding repeatable high accuracy docking. The three phase approach with different control criteria and control gain parameters makes feasible a docking maneuver that begins at a much greater range and potentially greater lateral separation from the destination than would otherwise be possible, while providing control of both the final location and final orientation of the vehicle. A preferred visual thresholding technique provides consistency of results over a wide range of illumination and contrast conditions while limiting the computation burden for target image acquisition and tracking.

Abstract: A system, method, apparatus, and computer program product for avoiding aircraft collisions with stationary obstacles. The aircraft is provided with a simplified uncluttered onboard display of all objects which are in or proximate to the projected path of the aircraft at its particular altitude plus or minus a predetermined increment, such as 100 feet constituting a hazard zone. The display presents the hazards in that zone in geographical relationship to the position and path of the aircraft. In addition to the obstacles in the hazard zone the display may also present topographical features of the underlying terrain. This information is in the form of a muted presentation of a topographical moving map. As the aircraft approaches a hazard in the hazard zone the presentation of the obstacles or hazards within the zone is enhanced to draw increasing attention of the pilot.

Abstract: A personal direction finding apparatus for determining the direction to be followed in order to reach a predetermined spot which includes a headset provided with two earphones and a circuit for generating a track error signal. The circuit includes a compass supported on the headset for outputting a heading signal corresponding to the heading of the direction of travel, a receiver for a position location and navigation system outputting a signal for the heading to be followed via one output, and a track error computing circuit.

Abstract: A vehicle adaptive cruise control system having active deceleration control provides for appropriate decelerations consistent with the objectives of preventing the vehicle from violating a desired minimum distance from a preceding vehicle and efficient utilization of road space through minimization of inter-vehicle spacing.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus based thereon for automatically controlling the velocity of a vehicle (14) under consideration of preceding vehicles (15, 16, 17) are described. To select a preceding vehicle as the control target, an area of the possible future travel (18) is determined. When the controlled vehicle is about to and/or is beginning to change lanes, the determined area of future travel is expanded (19).