Abstract: A method, apparatus, article of manufacture, and a memory structure for tracking assets. The method comprises the steps of generating a magnetic field at the base station, receiving a radio signal transmitted from the remote station disposed at a location, and determining a distance from the base station to the location from the received radio signal transmitted from the remote station. In another embodiment of the invention, the method comprises the steps of remotely sensing a magnetic field generated by a base station, measuring an intensity of the sensed magnetic field, and transmitting a radio signal from the remote station to the base station as an indication of a distance between the base station and the remote station.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for estimating the location of a mobile terminal. The method estimates the locations by: a) using at least one forward-link geo-location technique without using any reverse-link geo-location techniques, this being performed when there are enough base stations visible to the mobile terminal to be able to use the forward-link geo-location technique without using any reverse-link geo-location techniques to estimate the location, and b) using at least one reverse-link geo-location technique when there are not enough base stations visible to the mobile terminal to be able to use the forward-link geo-location technique without also concurrently using any reverse-link geo-location techniques to estimate the location. The forward-link geo-location techniques can be used either alone or in combination with each other, and include such known geo-location techniques as a time-difference-of-arrival technique and angle-difference-of-arrival technique.

Abstract: A method of providing an estimate of the location of first and second devices (MS1, MS2) comprising the steps of obtaining at least one range measurement from the first device (MS1) to a known reference point (BS1, GPS SVs); obtaining at least one range measurement from the second device (MS2) to a known reference point (BS1, GPS SVs), the second device (MS2) being located near to the first device (MS1); and calculating an estimate of the location of the devices (MS1, MS2) using range measurements obtained in respect of both the first and second devices (MS1, MS2).

Abstract: A passive/ranging/tracking processing method provides information from passive sensors and associated tracking control devices and GPS/IMU integrated navigation system, so as to produce three dimensional position and velocity information of a target. The passive/ranging/tracking processing method includes the procedure of producing two or more sets of direction measurements of a target with respect to a carrier, such as sets of elevation and azimuth angles, from two or more synchronized sets of passive sensors and associated tracking control devices, installed on different locations of the carrier, computing the range vector measurement of the target with respect to the carrier using the two or more sets of direction measurements, and filtering the range vector measurement to estimate the three-dimensional position and velocity information of the target.

Abstract: A system and a method for position determination by impulse radio using a first transceiver having a first clock providing a first reference signal and a second transceiver placed spaced from the first transceiver. The system determines the position of the second transceiver. The second transceiver has a second clock that provides a second reference signal. A first sequence of pulses are transmitted from the first transceiver. The first sequence of pulses are then received at the second transceiver and the second transceiver is then synchronized with the first sequence of pulses. A second sequence of pulses are transmitted from the second transceiver. The first transceiver receives the second sequence of pulses and the first transceiver is synchronized with the second sequence of pulses. A delayed first reference signal is generated in response to the synchronization with the second sequence of pulses.

Abstract: A system and a method for position determination by impulse radio using a first transceiver having a first clock providing a first reference signal and a second transceiver placed spaced from the first transceiver. The system determines the position of the second transceiver. The second transceiver has a second clock that provides a second reference signal. A first sequence of pulses are transmitted from the first transceiver. The first sequence of pulses are then received at the second transceiver and the second transceiver is then synchronized with the first sequence of pulses. A second sequence of pulses are transmitted from the second transceiver. The first transceiver receives the second sequence of pulses and the first transceiver is synchronized with the second sequence of pulses. A delayed first reference signal is generated in response to the synchronization with the second sequence of pulses.

Abstract: A radio communication device and a method of measuring distance is capable of easily obtaining a distance and a positional relation between a portable telephone 3A and a portable telephone 3B directly, not via a base station. The portable telephone 3A directly transmits a measurement pilot signal used for calculating a distance between its current position and the portable telephone 3B, to the portable telephone 3B via a radio interface for short distance 15, receives a pilot response signal in response to the measurement pilot signal from the portable telephone 3B, and then calculates a distance between the portable telephone 3A and the portable telephone 3B based on the pilot response signal and the measurement pilot signal, thus making it possible to easily obtain a distance and a positional relation between itself and the portable telephone 3B by directly communicating the pilot response signal and measurement pilot signal with the portable telephone 3B, not via the base station.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable media for determining the position of a user terminal comprises generating a correlation reference signal based on known characteristics of a chirp-type signal present in a broadcast analog television signal; receiving, at the user terminal, a broadcast analog television signal comprising the chirp-type signal; and correlating the broadcast analog television signal with the correlation reference signal, thereby producing a pseudorange; and wherein the location of the user terminal is determined based on the pseudorange and a location of the transmitter of the broadcast analog television signal.

Abstract: In a communication device that includes an antenna array including multiple antennas, a method and apparatus is provided for determining whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique. The communication device determines a bearing from the communication device to the communication unit and a direction of arrival for a signal received from the communication unit by the communication device via each of the multiple antennas. In addition, the communication device determines a distance from the communication device to the communication unit, and also determines multiple signal quality metrics based on multiple signals received by the communication device from the communication unit. The communication device then determines whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique based on any one or more of the determined bearing and the determined direction of arrival, the determined distance, or the determined signal quality metrics.

Abstract: In a method of estimating the position of a mobile station (2) in a mobile radio network (1) on the basis of propagation models, at the mobile station (2) the field strength of a plurality of base stations (6-8) connected to the mobile station (2) is measured, the distance between the mobile station (2) and each of the base stations (6-8) connected to the mobile station (2) is estimated on the basis of a propagation model, and the estimated distances are stored, the estimated distances being filtered and the position of the mobile station (2) being estimated on the basis of the filtered estimated distances. In a further development the propagation model used can be adapted on the basis of the measured field strengths. In this way a more accurate position determination of the mobile station (2) can be effected.

Abstract: A cooperative tracking system designed to track multiple cooperative targets within a given field in real time with high precision and high update rate comprises a microwave transmitter and two receivers with each target being provided with one or more coded microwave transponders which enable calculation of both position, speed and in a preferred embodiment direction of movement of each target.

Abstract: The typical global positioning system (GPS) estimates the three-dimensional, global position of a radio receiver and associated vehicle, such as an aircraft, using the range measurements between the radio receiver and a set of earth-orbiting satellite transmitters. Estimating the position of the receiver from these range measurements generally entails using an iterative calculation process, which computes a series of position estimates, with each successive estimate converging with increasing accuracy toward the actual receiver position. This iterative approach, however, is not only time consuming, but sometimes fails to converge toward the actual receiver position. Though others have tried to solve these problems, their approaches either fail to consistently converge on a single solution or give multiple solutions. Accordingly, the inventors devised, among other things, new non-iterative methods, for using range measurements to estimate position.

Abstract: A mobile unit includes a network receiver, such as a GSM telephone, for communication with a wireless network, and a navigation receiver, such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver for receiving navigation signals. The navigation receiver includes a vector delay lock loop (VDLL) that receives information concerning the navigation sources, such as satellite data messages, transmitted over a common broadcast channel of the wireless network, and receives navigation signals from the navigation receiver. The VDLL uses the navigation signals received from navigation sources that are not obscured and uses satellite data messages broadcast over the wireless network to track a navigation signal that is received only intermittently due, for example, to the navigation source being obscured from view of the mobile unit.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and computer-readable media for determining the position of a user terminal comprises generating a correlation reference signal based on known characteristics of a chirp-type signal present in a broadcast analog television signal; receiving, at the user terminal, a broadcast analog television signal comprising the chirp-type signal; and correlating the broadcast analog television signal with the correlation reference signal, thereby producing a pseudorange; and wherein the location of the user terminal is determined based on the pseudorange and a location of the transmitter of the broadcast analog television signal.

Abstract: A location determination method uses location data items that originate at known locations and are passed to, and diffused between, entities by short-range communication. Each location data item received by an entity includes a displacement value indicative of the displacement of the item since leaving a specified known location. This displacement value of a location data item has been updated to reflect movement of entities temporarily hosting the item and/or the range of the transmission hops made by the item. An entity derives its location from received location data items by effecting a weighted combination of the known locations specified in the received location data items, the weighting of the known location specified in each received location data item being dependent on the associated displacement value.

Abstract: A passive ranging/tracking processing method provides information from passive sensors and associated tracking control devices and GPS/IMU integrated navigation system, so as to produce three dimensional position and velocity information of a target. The passive ranging/tracking processing method includes the procedure of producing two or more sets of direction measurements of a target with respect to a carrier, such as sets of elevation and azimuth angles, from two or more synchronized sets of passive sensors and associated tracking control devices, installed on different locations of the carrier, computing the range vector measurement of the target with respect to the carrier using the two or more sets of direction measurements, and filtering the range vector measurement to estimate the three-dimensional position and velocity information of the target.

Abstract: A passive ranging/tracking processing method provides information from passive sensors and associated tracking control devices and GPS/IMU integrated navigation system, so as to produce three dimensional position and velocity information of a target. The passive ranging/tracking processing method includes the procedure of producing two or more sets of direction measurements of a target with respect to a carrier, such as sets of elevation and azimuth angles, from two or more synchronized sets of passive sensors and associated tracking control devices, installed on different locations of the carrier, computing the range vector measurement of the target with respect to the carrier using the two or more sets of direction measurements, and filtering the range vector measurement to estimate the three-dimensional position and velocity information of the target.

Abstract: Range measurements useful for determining a device's position are screened to eliminate unacceptable measurements. A two-stage range measurement screening technique involves a coarse screening stage that includes comparing the range measurement to an estimated expected range and a fine screening stage that includes comparing the range measurement to the computed fading-average range. Range measurements that fall within both coarse and fine screening windows are deemed acceptable and are supplied to a position tracking filter together with their estimated measurement accuracies. Range measurements that do not fall within either the coarse or fine screening window are discarded and do not corrupt the position solution. The accuracies of acceptable range measurements are determined from multiple factors including the measurement offset from a fading-average of previous range measurements and the standard deviation of the previous range measurements.

Abstract: Range measurements useful for determining a device's position are screened to eliminate unacceptable measurements. A two-stage range measurement screening technique involves a coarse screening stage that includes comparing the range measurement to an estimated expected range and a fine screening stage that includes comparing the range measurement to the computed fading-average range. Range measurements that fall within both coarse and fine screening windows are deemed acceptable and are supplied to a position tracking filter together with their estimated measurement accuracies. Range measurements that do not fall within either the coarse or fine screening window are discarded and do not corrupt the position solution. The accuracies of acceptable range measurements are determined from multiple factors including the measurement offset from a fading-average of previous range measurements and the standard deviation of the previous range measurements.

Abstract: A radio handset includes: a signal receiver for receiving signals from a plurality of radio stations; a reception timing analyzer for analyzing reception timings of signals received by the signal reception means; a radio station selector for selecting radio stations to be used in a position calculation; and a position calculator for calculating a position of a signal reception point by using the reception timings of the signals from the selected radio stations. The radio station selector selects the radio stations to be used in the position calculation in such a manner that when reception timings of signals from two or more of the radio stations cannot be separated from one another, it is decided to exclude a signal from at least one of these radio stations.

Abstract: A geographic position dependent routing method and system for ad hoc networks, where are least one of the nodes of the ad hoc network can change its location. A position determination module is provided for determining the position of the current node. A communication mechanism is provided for communicating messages with other nodes in the ad hoc network. A geographic position dependent routing mechanism is coupled to the position determination module and communication mechanism for receiving messages, the position of the current node, and based thereon for one of transmitting the message and discarding the message.

Abstract: A radio system comprising a base station and a terminal, said base station and terminal being able to serve as a transmitter and the other as a receiver, a signal to be transmitted on a radio channel between the transmitter and the receiver comprising bursts including a training sequence known to the receiver, the receiver comprising means for creating, on the basis of the training sequence a radio channel impulse response comprising taps representing signal strength at different points of time. The receiver further comprising means for calculating the real time of arrival of the burst from the time of occurrence and energy of the taps of the impulse response, means for creating the time difference between the real and expected times of arrival of the burst, and means for calculating the distance between the transmitter and the receiver on the basis of the time difference.

Abstract: A mobile unit includes a network receiver, such as a GSM telephone, for communication with a wireless network, and a navigation receiver, such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver for receiving navigation signals. The navigation receiver includes a vector delay lock loop (VDLL) that receives information concerning the navigation sources, such as satellite data messages, transmitted over a common broadcast channel of the wireless network, and receives navigation signals from the navigation receiver. The VDLL uses the navigation signals received from navigation sources that are not obscured and uses satellite data messages broadcast over the wireless network to track a navigation signal that is received only intermittently due, for example, to the navigation source being obscured from view of the mobile unit.

Abstract: A local area positioning system which includes a plurality of platforms or nodes consisting of airborne and/or ground based vehicles that are coupled in a platform-to-platform local area network. The platforms themselves establish a spatial reference system for location and communication between platforms is accomplished using directive millimeter wave beams, and where measurements and communicated estimates of node locations, in a local inertial reference frame, are processed via Kalman tracking filters to generate updated estimates of position and velocity vectors associated with each node.

Abstract: A method of mapping (FIG. 10) a characteristic value of a plurality of remote stations (18-24) each having a varying attribute affecting the characteristic value computed according to a predetermined procedure comprising: (a) assigning a plurality of transmission slots to each of the remote stations; (b) determining, by the respective stations, of their characteristic values; (c) initially broadcasting, by the respective stations, of their determined characteristic values in said plurality of transmission slots, said broadcast characteristic value having a first characteristic value resolution; and (d) subsequently broadcasting, by the stations, of their respective characteristic values in said plurality of transmission slots, said subsequent broadcasting having a finer characteristic value resolution relative to said previously broadcasted characteristic value having a first characteristic value resolution.

Abstract: From a single transmitted from a satellite, are extracted a position where a terrestrial station side system exists and a position of the satellite. A distance between the terrestrial station side system and the satellite, based on a difference of those positions. Then, a sum of the distance between the terrestrial station side system and the satellite and a distance between the satellite and a mobile station side system, based on a difference between the reception time when a mobile station side communication antenna receives the signal and the transmission time. Further, the distance between the mobile station side system and the satellite is obtained by subtracting the distance between the terrestrial station side system and the satellite from the obtained sum. And, based on the distance between the mobile station side system and the satellite, the position where the mobile station side system exists is obtained.

Abstract: A system and a method for position determination by impulse radio using a first transceiver having a first clock providing a first reference signal and a second transceiver placed spaced from the first transceiver. The system determines the position of the second transceiver. The second transceiver has a second clock that provides a second reference signal. A first sequence of pulses are transmitted from the first transceiver. The first sequence of pulses are then received at the second transceiver and the second transceiver is then synchronized with the first sequence of pulses. A second sequence of pulses are transmitted from the second transceiver. The first transceiver receives the second sequence of pulses and the first transceiver is synchronized with the second sequence of pulses. A delayed first reference signal is generated in response to the synchronization with the second sequence of pulses.

Abstract: An apparatus for distribution and delivery of global positioning system (GPS) satellite telemetry data using a communication link between a central site and a mobile GPS receiver. The central site is coupled to a network of reference satellite receivers that send telemetry data from all satellites to the central site. The mobile GPS receiver uses the delivered telemetry data to aid its acquisition of the GPS satellite signal. The availability of the satellite telemetry data enhances the mobile receiver's signal reception sensitivity.

Abstract: A method is described which enables the location of a radio frequency emitting target in absolute or relative GPS coordinates from a single airborne platform within a few seconds. The method uses a signal processing technique which emulates an antenna moving at very high velocities to induce a Virtual Doppler shift on signals incident upon a linear antenna array. The Virtual Doppler shift is directly proportional to the signal direction of arrival as measured by its direction cosine. The method is shown to prevent single and multiple GPS jammers from being able to jam conventional GPS signals. Also disclosed is a means and method for developing virtual Doppler shifted signals to determine the angle-angle bearing of emitting targets to high resolution. This in turn, allows the position of the emitter to be determined in a GPS reference frame to be located to a high degree of accuracy from a single platform in extremely short times.

Abstract: A signal handling device enables a data transmission between a plurality of position measuring devices and a master unit. The signal handling device includes a main communications port for communicating with a master unit via a data bus and a measurement port for communicating with a position measuring device. The signal handling device also includes an extension port for connection to an intelligent slave unit so as to enable communication with a plurality of position measuring devices via the said slave unit. In addition, the signal handling device also includes a data processing unit which is capable of managing data traffic between the main communications port, the measurement port and the extension port.

Abstract: In a communication device that includes an antenna array including multiple antennas, a method and apparatus is provided for determining whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique. The communication device determines a bearing from the communication device to the communication unit and a direction of arrival for a signal received from the communication unit by the communication device via each of the multiple antennas. In addition, the communication device determines a distance from the communication device to the communication unit, and also determines multiple signal quality metrics based on multiple signals received by the communication device from the communication unit. The communication device then determines whether to employ an antenna array beamforming technique based on any one or more of the determined bearing and the determined direction of arrival, the determined distance, or the determined signal quality metrics.

Abstract: A display method and apparatus for navigation system for displaying information necessary for guiding a driver of a vehicle. The navigation system is designed to promote safe driving by producing different display forms and contents depending on whether the vehicle is in motion or stationary. When the vehicle is stationary, the navigation system can perform all of the functions. However, when the vehicle is in motion, the navigation system provides simplified and limited functions to ease the operations. The number of key strokes required for operating the navigation system is reduced when the vehicle is in motion.

Abstract: In a satellite ranging system predetermined bit sequence or group of bit sequence in a transport stream, which is a digital signal are used to generate trigger signals on the basis of which the delay introduced into the transport stream by the travel path from a satellite ground station to the satellite and back or to another satellite ground station is determined allowing a calculation of the distance between the ground station(s) and the satellite. The predetermined bit sequence or group of bit sequences may be inserted into the transport stream at the uplink site, for example as a specific payload P. In order to avoid insertion of additional packets the transport stream or part of it may be used as a predetermined bit sequence.

Abstract: A GPS receiver has a plurality of data demodulator circuits assigned to a plurality of GPS satellites, respectively, and a data memory which stores detailed orbit information of the GPS satellites. The GPS receiver searches for satellites the detailed orbit information of which was stored in the memory previously. When these searched GPS satellites are acquired, the GPS receiver executes satellite frame synchronization determination processing to check for an agreement among predetermined data included in satellite data transmitted from the acquired GPS satellites. When the searched GPS satellites cannot be acquired or the predetermined data do not agree, the GPS receiver executes a single-satellite frame synchronization determination processing to check for an agreement of predetermined data included in a plurality of frames of the satellite data. The GPS receiver starts positioning processing in response to an establishment of agreement to calculate its position.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the rotation of a wheel truck on a rail vehicle and further for determining the relative direction of motion of said truck with respect to said rail vehicle and further for determining the rate at which the truck moves with respect to the rail vehicle is disclosed, which is a low power radar sensor disposed underneath the rail vehicle and directed toward the truck. In a Preferred embodiment, two sensors are shown which are disposed on opposite sides of the rail vehicle. The sensors are coupled with an onboard computing device and with other components of a train control system which can be used for precisely locating the train on closely spaced parallel tracks and further for updating and augmenting position information used by the train control system. The system including GPS receivers and wheel tachometers for providing alternate sources of information for position determination.

Abstract: A signal having periodicity is transmitted to a communication station B based on a reference timing generated by a timer which a communication station A has, while the communication station B, which has received a transmitting signal of the communication station A, receives a signal generated based on a reference timing generated in its internal section and transmitted, and a phase difference between the transmitting signal and the received signal is detected so as to detect a distance between the communication station A and the communication station B.

Abstract: A position detection system of a mobile terminal includes a small zone communication system (50) such as the PHS system, and a center station (1) connected to an exchange station (2) forming the PHS system. When a call is dispatched from the center station to the telephone number of a mobile station 7 of which the position is to be identified, the call signal is transmitted to a repeater (6) located closest to the mobile station (7) via exchange stations (2, 4) and main lines (3, 5) forming the PHS system (50). Since the mobile station (7) can identify the identification number of the closest repeater (6), the position of repeater (6) can be identified by referring to the database of the PHS system (50) using the repeater database provided in a center control station (51). The position can be displayed on a CRT screen at the center station (1) side. A position detection apparatus of a mobile terminal that can detect a position at low cost and at high accuracy is provided.

Abstract: A radio communication device and a method of measuring distance is capable of easily obtaining a distance and a positional relation between a portable telephone 3A and a portable telephone 3B, not via a base station. The portable telephone 3A directly transmits a measurement pilot signal used for calculating a distance between its current position and the portable telephone 3B, to the portable telephone 3B via a radio interface for short distance 15, receives a pilot response signal in response to the measurement pilot signal from the portable telephone 3B and then, calculates a distance between the portable telephone 3A and the portable telephone 3B based on the pilot response signal and the measurement pilot signal, thus making it possible easily obtain a distance and a positional relation between the own device and the portable telephone 3B by directly communicating the pilot response signal and measurement pilot signal with the portable telephone 3B, not via the base station.

Abstract: A method of providing an estimate of the location of first and second devices MS1, MS2 comprising the steps of obtaining at least one range measurement from the first device MS1 to a known reference point BS1, GPS SVs; obtaining at least one range measurement from the second device MS2 to a known reference point BS1, GPS SVs, the second device MS2 being located near to the first device MS1; and calculating an estimate of the location of the devices MS1, MS2 using range measurements obtained in respect of both the first and second devices MS1, MS2.

Abstract: A car navigation apparatus includes a route setting unit for setting a route; an own car position detection unit for measuring an own car position and detecting the own car position; and an advance direction detection unit for detecting an advance direction of the own car. The car navigation apparatus further includes a turning intersection detection unit for detecting an intersection where the own car should turn next time, on the route located within a predetermined distance in the advance direction from the own car position; and a turning intersection display unit responsive to detection of a turning intersection to display the shape of the turning intersection and a direction to which the own car should turn, acquired from map information stored in a map information storage unit, on the display screen using figures, and to display the distance to the turning intersection and the name of the turning intersection on the display screen using characters.

Abstract: A location or position of a wireless mobile unit is determined using only measurements from a single base station. A distance between the wireless mobile unit and the base station is calculated utilizing a roundtrip delay value of an RF uplink signal received from a wireless mobile unit. Thereafter, an angle of arrival of the received signal is determined using measurements of the received signal from each of a plurality of antenna sectors of a multi-sector antenna. The angle of arrival is determined based upon stored antenna signal measurements of the multi-sector antenna, wherein a combination of different sector signal measurements corresponds to a single angle measurement. Using the determined distance and angle of arrival, a position or location of a wireless mobile unit can easily be determined using only measurements of the single base station.

Abstract: A system and a method for distance measurement utilizes a radio system. The distance is measured by determining the time it takes a pulse train to travel from a first radio transceiver to a second radio transceiver and then from the second radio transceiver back to the first radio transceiver. The actual measurement is a two step process. In the first step, the distance is measured in coarse resolution, and in the second step, the distance is measured in fine resolution. A first pulse train is transmitted using a transmit time base from the first radio transceiver. The first pulse train is received at a second radio transceiver. The second radio transceiver synchronizes its time base with the first pulse train before transmitting a second pulse train back to the first radio transceiver, which then synchronizes a receive time base with the second pulse train. The time delay between the transmit time base and the receive time base can then be determined.

Abstract: A diversity antenna distance determining method in radio telecommunications base station is provided. The method comprising the step of determining an allowable correlation coefficient of signals received through the first and the second antennas in a first frequency band which provides good diversity performance; determining a first distance d1 between the antennas which satisfies the determined correlation coefficient in the first frequency band; and, determining a second distance d2 between the two antennas based on d1 in a second frequency band, which is different from the first frequency band. In the present invention, an optimal distance between antennas at one frequency is calculated using the data measured at another frequency to compensate the fading within a coverage area.

Abstract: A passive target positioning system utilizes three stations positioned on a linear baseline with a central master station positioned predetermined distances from two slave stations. Angle to the target is determined from the time differences of arrival at the master station and each of the slave stations. Range to the target, in one embodiment, is determined from the difference of the two time difference of arrival measurements and the angle-to-target, while in a second embodiment from the time differences of arrival. A scannable antenna with frequency selection capability provides a spatial sector and frequency band selectivity.

Abstract: A Doppler Direction Finder comprises at least one antenna (52) spaced from a location point (53). The at least one antenna (52) is arranged in use to be rotated about the rotation point (53). The at least one antenna (52) is arranged to provide a first output signal comprising a signal received by said at least one antenna (52) combined with the Doppler Shift component. There are means (70) for providing a second output signal comprising the received signal without the Doppler Shift component. Processing means (54-82) process the first and second signals to obtain the Doppler Shift component. Determining means (88) determine from the Doppler Shift component the direction from which the received signal is received.

Abstract: A method for determining the location of a mobile unit within a cellular system. A synchronized signal at a common phase is generated at each base station in a system. The mobile unit transmits a signal tone. Each base station compares the phase of the signal tone to the common phase of the synchronized signal to produce a phase offset. A system controller compares the difference between the phase offset of a first base station and the phase offset of a second base station and determines the difference in distance between the first base station and the mobile unit and the second base station and the mobile unit defining a hyperbolic curve of locations. The system controller determines the intersection of the first and second hyperbolic curves thus determining the location of the mobile unit. The mobile station transmits the signal tone on a second channel that is distinct from a first channel over which user information is transmitted.

Abstract: The stopping of a load suspended from a crane requires a swing control or, respectively, a swing damping. Upon employment of microwave measuring units, spacings between a carrying cable suspension and a load suspension point are determined on the basis of transit time measurements. The position of the load suspension point can be determined from the transit time measurements quickly and with high precision. Swinging motions are avoided by controlled opposing control of the carrying cable suspension.

Abstract: A hand-held device has access to a three-dimensional geometry database and a GPS receiver, and provides information on the one or more closest features to the device location in the three-dimensional geometry database. The system has data input devices, optionally digital cameras, and a data processor executing a location process. A multiresolution process creates one or more models of the three-dimensional geometry database. The models have a hierarchy of resolutions. The models have vertices, edges and polygons. The multiresolution process preferably associates data to the vertices, edges and polygons. A data processor executes a location process that determines a distance between the position of the hand-held device and corresponding one or more closest features on the hierarchy of resolutions of the database. The data processor produces display commands for displaying data and geometry relative to the one or more closest features.

Abstract: A system for detecting the movement of a device that receives a signal broadcast from a relative fixed position, such as a set-top terminal in a Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) system, is disclosed, using the phase shift of the broadcast signal, as received by the device. A set-top terminal or similar mechanism restricts access to the transmitted multimedia information using stored decryption keys. If a set-top terminal is moved, the distance between the set-top terminal and the satellite will change, thereby causing a measurable phase shift in the signal received by the set-top terminal. The set-top terminal periodically or intermittently records a sequence of bits received from the satellite and provides the recorded bits to the service provider server for analysis. If the set-top terminal has been moved, the recorded bits will shift.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining an angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the prompt ray at an adjacent sector of a base station is provided. High precision parameter estimates from a main sector location searcher (501) are provided to an adjacent sector location searcher (502) in order to enhance the accuracy of the parameter estimates generated by the adjacent sector location searcher (502). Main sector time-delay and phase estimates may be used as estimates for the adjacent sector time-delay, and phase estimates to increase the coherent averaging window within the adjacent sector location searcher, and hence to increase the accuracy of the amplitude estimation from the adjacent sector location searcher.