Abstract: A system, computer program product and method of examining the ionosphere is disclosed. The method includes capturing, at one or more antennas, radio frequency (RF) emissions preceding a broadband emission event. The RF emissions are then recorded at one or more broadband receivers over a period of time. A first tuning of the received RF emissions is selected to detect ionospheric reflections, and a second tuning of the received RF emissions is selected to detect direct line of sight emissions. From the selected tunings, an amplitude or complex time series of the second tuning with one or more channels of the first tuning are correlated to calculate a relative virtual echo height of the ionosphere.

Abstract: A system for predicting a triggered lightning strike upon an aircraft, which includes an antenna for collecting an RF signal. The system includes one or more processors and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing data into a database and program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the system to receive as input a filtered, amplified form of the RF signal collected by the antenna and a non-filtered, amplified form of the RF signal collected by the antenna. The system determines a difference between the filtered, amplified form of the RF signal and the non-filtered and amplified form of the RF signal. The difference is a static signal. The system determines the triggered lightning strike upon the aircraft based on the static signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for dynamically detecting and correcting the deactivation of beamforming from an antenna. One or more users are identified as present within a particular geographic area typically served by beamforming, and the average signal strength of the one or more user devices is monitored. If a threshold level of degradation of the average signal strength is detected, then a beamforming status is determined for one or more of the antennas serving the user device or devices. Based on the determination, corrective measures are taken and beamforming is reactivated.

Abstract: A method for controlling the switching on of lights emitted by a plurality of lighting elements includes the following steps: a) arranging the plurality of lighting elements in an environment, b) selecting a switching-on sequence for the lighting elements, and c) executing the switching-on sequence. The method is performed with a plurality of lighting devices, each having one or more lighting elements and a control unit for the one or more lighting elements. Step b) includes the following sub-steps: b1) dividing the switching-on sequence in one or more sub-sequences, associating each sub-sequence to a lighting device, and transmitting the sub-sequences to the control units through a user device. Step c) includes simultaneously having the lighting elements execute each sub-sequence.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting data in a wireless communication system are provided. A base station transmits to a terminal a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) through a macro node, and transmits a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) through at least one radio remote head (RRH) having a cell identity (ID) that is identical to the macro node, so as not to overlap in with the PDCCH in a time domain. A time gap can be set between a last orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol to which the PDCCH is allocated and a first OFDM symbol to which the PDSCH is allocated.

Abstract: A system and method for presenting lightning strike information in a manner so as to be easily understood and appreciated by viewers of televised weather report presentations and the like. Lightning strike information is displayed with a marker and textual indication of the lightning strike location in a viewer friendly format, e.g., a street address. Lightning strike data from a lightning strike data source is filtered to select individual lightning strikes to be displayed and processed to obtain the viewer friendly lightning strike location information to be presented overlaid on a geographic map or satellite image background. Personalized lighting strike information indicating the distance of a lighting strike from a viewer location of interest may be generated and provided directly to individual viewers via the interne, cellular phones, and/or other wired or wireless communication channels.

Abstract: A lightning strike simulation apparatus includes a storage device for storing lightning strike data, a setting unit for setting a simulation target in a simulation space, a downward leader advancing unit for advancing a downward leader from a lightning strike start position set by the setting unit, an upward leader advancing unit for advancing upward leaders from lightning strike-receiving candidate points set in the simulation space when a distance between a leading edge of the downward leader and a reference point is within a first threshold value, and a lightning strike point determination unit for, when a distance between a leading edge of the downward leader and a leading edge of any one of the upward leaders is within a second threshold value, determining that the lightning strike-receiving candidate point corresponding to the any one of the upward leaders is a lightning strike point.

Abstract: A millimeter wave measurement system has been developed for remote detection of airborne nuclear radiation, based on electromagnetic scattering from radiation-induced ionization in air. Specifically, methods of monitoring radiation-induced ionization of air have been investigated, and the ionized air has been identified as a source of millimeter wave radar reflection, which can be utilized to determine the size and strength of a radiation source.

Abstract: A lightning detection and damage estimation system for a structure is disclosed herein. The system includes a lightning receptor coupled to a lightning conductor configured to receive multiple lightning strikes and induce lightning current in a pick-up coil coupled to the lightning conductor. An integrated circuit coupled to the lightning conductor via the pick-up coil includes a non-volatile memory for successively storing one or more samples of the lightning induced current for the multiple lightning strikes. A damage estimation unit is configured to estimate a condition of the structure based on analyzing a history of stored samples of the lightning induced current of the multiple lightning strikes from the non-volatile memory.

Abstract: A weather radar system or method can be utilized to determine a location of a weather hazard for an aircraft. The weather radar system can utilize processing electronics coupled to an antenna. The processing electronics can determine presence of the hazard in response to data related to returns received by the weather radar antenna and data from a lightning sensor. The system can include a display for showing the hazard and its location.

Abstract: A real-time, multi-sensor local-area lightning detection network system. The system uses waveform indicative of electrostatic field changes with respect to time is generated at each of N locations due to a cloud-to-ground lightning strike occurring in the vicinity of the N locations. Each waveform is integrated to generate a corresponding electric field associated with a corresponding one of the locations. A mathematical relationship is used to determine a ground surface location of the lightning strike, height of the lightning strike, and charge per unit length of the lightning strike using each electric field generated during integration of the waveforms.

Abstract: A system and method for presenting lightning strike information in a manner so as to be easily understood and appreciated by viewers of televised weather report presentations. Lightning strike information is displayed with a marker and textual indication of the lightning strike location in a viewer friendly format. Lightning strike data from a lightning strike data source is filtered to select individual lightning strikes to be displayed and processed to obtain the viewer friendly lightning strike location information to be presented overlaid on a geographic map or satellite image background. Personalized lightning strike information indicating the distance of a lightning strike from a viewer location of interest may be generated and provided directly to individual viewers via the internet, cellular phone, and/or other wired or wireless communication channels.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system for identifying a source location of an electromagnetic signal having a known waveform. Radio receiving equipment located at three of more monitoring stations receives and demodulates a radio frequency signal from a common source. A time stamp generator applies a time stamp to each block of N digital data samples derived from the received radio frequency signal at each monitoring station. A GPS timing signal can be used to synchronize the time stamp generator in each monitoring station. Further, replica generating hardware and/or software at each monitoring station periodically synchronously generates a replica waveform. An autocorrelation processor at each monitoring station determines a time offset between an occurrence of the known waveform in the signal, and an occurrence of the replica waveform at each monitoring station.

Abstract: A weather radar system or method can be utilized to determine a location of a weather hazard for an aircraft. The weather radar system can utilize processing electronics coupled to an antenna. The processing electronics can determine presence of the hazard in response to data related to returns received by the weather radar antenna and data from a lightning sensor. The system can include a display for showing the hazard and its location.

Abstract: A method of predicting storm cell characteristics at a future time is provided. A value relating to a characteristic of the storm cell is determined from reflectivity data processed from signals received from a radar scan of the storm cell. A second storm cell is identified that is part of the same weather system as the storm cell. A plurality of values relating to the characteristic for the identified second storm cell is received from a memory wherein the plurality of values were determined at a plurality of different times. The determined value of the storm cell is compared with the determined plurality of values of the identified second storm cell. A growth rate of the storm cell is determined. A maximum height of the storm cell at a third time in the future is calculated based on the comparison and the determined growth rate and presented to a user.

Abstract: A lightning detection system provides an estimated location of a lightning stroke. The system includes sensors, and an analyzer. Each sensor provides messages having sensor identification, an amplitude responsive to the lightning stroke, and a time of detecting the lightning stroke. The analyzer applies time corrections and amplitude corrections to improve the accuracy of determining the location of the lightning stroke. Time adjustments and amplitude adjustments for the time and amplitude corrections are recalled from a matrix accessed according to a suggested or estimated location. The matrix may be organized by coordinates of longitude and latitude.

Abstract: An optical detection system for detecting launch of an offensive projectile. The detection system includes an image detector array, an optical arrangement for focusing on to the image detector array, and a processing system associated with the image detector array. The processing system is configured to derive a series of frames from the image detector, to process the series of frames to identify a flash event and to generate and output that indicates a direction of the flash event.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oil spill identification system and oil spill identification sensors to be used in connection with this system. The system is used primarily on fixed offshore structures, but may also be used on fixed onshore constructions. The sensor comprises a combination of a radar and at least a microwave radiometer. The data collected are transmitted to a control station. Preferably, the transmittal takes place at pixel level between the sensors and the control station. The control station processes the data received at pixel level and transmits data to an end-user, preferably through the internet. The invention also relates to a method for utilizing the system and a use of the system.

Abstract: A system and method to build a radar reflectivity forecast mosaic from a collection of radar sites. The radar data from multiple radar sites is processed to create movement information for all of the precipitation areas. The movement information and precipitation areas are then mosaicked in a common geographical framework to create forecasted radar reflectivity mosaics. By using the reflectivity information and movement information from multiple radars, a wider scale, more coherent radar forecast can be generated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an oil spill identification system and oil spill identification sensors to be used in connection with this system. The system is used primarily on fixed offshore structures, but may also be used on fixed onshore constructions. The sensor comprises a combination of a radar and at least a microwave radiometer. The data collected are transmitted to a control station. Preferably, the transmittal takes place at pixel level between the sensors and the control station. The control station processes the data received at pixel level and transmits data to an end-user, preferably through the internet. The invention also relates to a method for utilizing the system and a use of the system.

Abstract: An ionosonde includes a signal-transmitting section for transmitting to an ionosphere pulsed radio waves whose frequency is scanned; a signal-receiving section that includes a loop antenna system for measuring intensity of a magnetic field Hz of pulsed radio waves reflected by the ionosphere, a first dipole antenna system for measuring intensity of an electric field Ex orthogonal to the magnetic field Hz and a second dipole antenna system for measuring intensity of an electric field Ey orthogonal to the magnetic field Hz and electric field Ex; and a signal-processing section using values obtained at the signal-receiving section to obtain a cosine (nx, ny) of an arrival direction {right arrow over (n)} of the reflected radio waves in accordance with relationship nx=(HzNx*−ExHz*)Z/(ExEy*−EyEx*) and relationship ny=(HzEy*−EyHz*)Z/(ExEy*−EyEx*), wherein Z stands for intrinsic impedance.

Abstract: A lightning detection and data acquisition system. A plurality of remote programmable sensor is utilized to detect cloud to ground and IC lightning strikes. Analog representations of the lightning strikes are converted to digital signals. The digital signals are classified according to user changeable criteria. The classified digital signals are compressed and optionally decimated. The compressed information is transmitted to a central location where it is decompressed and used to correlate the location, magnitude, and travel path of the detected lightning strikes.

Abstract: A lightning detection and data acquisition system. A plurality of remote programmable sensor is utilized to detect cloud to ground and IC lightning strikes. Analog representations of the lightning strikes are converted to digital signals. The digital signals are classified according to user changeable criteria. The classified digital signals are compressed and optionally decimated. The compressed information is transmitted to a central location where it is decompressed and used to correlate the location, magnitude, and travel path of the detected lightning strikes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for locating the position of a lightning strike free of topography-dependent error by calculating a ground point having a difference in propagation distance at receiving stations (R1, R2 and R3) in at least three different locations. The difference in horizontal distance that would result in arrival time differences at the receiving stations is calculated using the horizontal coordinates of the respective stations. The ground point is taken as the tentative lightning strike position (X). The tentative lightning strike position is then corrected to a lightning strike position obtained by evaluating the arrival time difference in terms of the creepage distances (Ls) following depressions and elevations in the ground surface. The depressions and elevations in the ground surface are smoothed to a spatial wavelength that is comparable to the wavelength of the lightning electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A computer based method of processing meteorological data to automatically characterize significant meteorological events is disclosed. Meteorological data is received and processed to generate a plurality of distinct threat products for a given geographic area. The threat products are combined over the given geographic area to create a composite threat product, which is automatically compared to predetermined threshold values to identify one or more areas of threat. A system for processing meteorological data to automatically characterize significant meteorological events is also disclosed.

Abstract: Lightning strikes are displayed as uniformly-structured (e.g., gaussian) kernels that decay in size and intensity over time. The lightning strikes may be displayed as they occur, or stored for later display. Overlapping areas of the kernels are displayed in different colors than corresponding non-overlapping areas. A color (or colors) displayed in an overlapping area is a function of the number of kernels that overlap in that area.

Abstract: A computer based method of processing meteorological data to automatically characterize significant meteorological events is disclosed. Meteorological data is received and processed to generate a plurality of distinct threat products for a given geographic area. The threat products are combined over the given geographic area to create a composite threat product, which is automatically compared to predetermined threshold values to identify one or more areas of threat. A system for processing meteorological data to automatically characterize significant meteorological events is also disclosed.

Abstract: A portable weather indicating device includes a housing with a display that can be carried by a user during hiking, biking, or other activities. A communication link and microprocessor are located in the housing for receiving and processing weather data. A global locating device, such as a global positioning system (GPS) receiver, inputs a user's location into the microprocessor. The display receives data from the microprocessor that is representative of at least one graphical weather image. The graphical weather image indicates the location input from the global locating device and the weather data. The graphical weather image includes an area encompassing the user's location and a location marker representative of the user's location within that area. A system for displaying weather data includes the portable weather indicating device and one or more base stations positioned at different locations.

Abstract: The bistatic radar system uses a scanning beam antenna located at the transmitter to transmit a focused beam of high frequency energy into a predefined space, with the transmitted beam comprising a series of pulses. The transmitter also includes apparatus for determining pulse origination data comprising: pulse origination time and direction of propagation for each of the pulses in the transmitted beam emanating from the antenna, where the antenna is scanned in a predetermined scan pattern in at least an azimuthal direction. The bistatic radar system also includes at least one receiver, located at a site remote from the transmitter and includes apparatus for generating pulse component receipt data indicative of receipt of components of the pulses that are contained in the transmitted beam that are reflected from scatterers in the predefined space.

Abstract: A lightning detection system for detecting and locating an initial discharge of an initial leader stroke of a lightning flash. An initial lightning discharge produces a pulse that can be used to accurately detect lightning, and more particularly, the location of the initial lightning discharge. In one embodiment, at least three sensors detect and determine the location of the first pulses from initial lightning discharges using time difference of arrival information of the pulses at each of the three sensors. In another embodiment, a single sensor is used to determine the range of an initial lightning discharge from the amplitude of a corresponding initial detected pulse, and to determine the direction from a crossed loop antenna An alternative embodiment of a single sensor system determines a distance of a lightning event from a peak amplitude value derived from a pulse amplitude distribution.

Abstract: An automatic storm finding weather radar is disclosed that uses a storm finding algorithm to automatically control the weather radar to eliminate manual control. The storm finding algorithm uses the 0° C. isotherm altitude where precipitation is most likely to first occur to calculate an altitude search layer to find storms. The storm finding algorithm calculates the antenna upper and lower tilt angles and the number of scans to search the altitude search layer. A list of useable antenna tilt values is formed to drive the antenna controller. The antenna controller scans the antenna at the lower tilt angle and then moves to the next tilt angle until the search is complete. The search is then repeated using any new data.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge locating system may include a plurality of receivers and a central unit. Each receiver may include an antenna. The receivers may receive radio wave signals emanating from an electrostatic discharge event and transmit the signals to the central unit for processing. The central unit may determine the location of an electrostatic discharge event from the relative time of signal reception or the signal amplitudes along with predetermined locations of the receivers.

Abstract: An improved precision approach radar (PAR) system using an integrated digital display for displaying the relative position of one or more targets, e.g., aircraft, to a preferred glide path and azimuth course line. A preferred PAR system uses a radar head which emits a pair of scanned radar beams and interprets reflected responses to individually determine aircraft targets, weather patterns and/or obstructions and displays each reflection category as a different pattern, preferably color coded, on an essentially non-flickering monitor.

Abstract: A lightning detection system for detecting and locating an initial discharge of an initial leader stroke of a lightning flash. An initial lightning discharge produces a pulse that can be used to accurately detect lightning, and more particularly, the location of the initial lightning discharge. In one embodiment, at least three sensors detect and determine the location of the first pulses from initial lightning discharges using time difference of arrival information of the pulses at each of the three sensors. In another embodiment, a single sensor is used to determine the range of an initial lightning discharge from the amplitude of a corresponding initial detected pulse, and to determine its direction from a crossed loop antenna. An alternative embodiment of a single sensor system determines a distance of a lightning event from a peak amplitude value derived from a pulse amplitude distribution.

Abstract: Electromagnetic radiation from lightning is detected at a ground station which is part of a cellular network of stations; a computer determines a position of a thunderstorm associated with the lightning, then compiles and stores the storm location data. A user aircraft transmits, via cellular telephone equipment or direct radio link, a request for information together with a user identification number. After validation of the user number weather data is transmitted to the aircraft where a microcomputer processes the weather data to correct for the aircraft's position and heading, then displays storm locations relative to the aircraft. The display may incorporate radar data and satellite photographs of cloud formations. In-flight weather notices are transmitted in addition to the storm location data.

Abstract: An apparatus for monitoring the position of objects in a space including a target supervisor, a location supervisor, and a hazard monitoring supervisor. The apparatus can detect and respond to a potential wake-vortex hazard condition. The tracking supervisor receives target data from a sensor, characterizes and tracks selected objects, and provides target outputs having features respective of the selected objects. The location supervisor characterizes and displays features in the space, and provides a location output having the aforementioned features. The hazard monitoring supervisor detects and responds to potential hazard conditions, and provides a notice of such conditions, responsive to the target outputs and the location output. A data logger selectively retains the target outputs, the location output, or both. The position monitoring apparatus has six modes: full operation, non-airport-surveillance-radar, isolation, set-up, adaptation, and simulation.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a method and apparatus for remotely sensing electrical activity and potential for lightning occurrence. The disclosure is particularly directed to the use of such an apparatus and method to detect the electrical alignment of particles in upper levels of electrified storms. Storms are illuminated by radar in one or more orthogonal polarizations and the co-polar and cross-polar returns are correlated coherently and incoherently. The correlation coefficient, or a function thereof, is examined to determine the degree of particle alignment, and therefore the degree of electrification and potential for lightning occurrence. The phase of the correlation computation, in coherent processing, also detects particle alignment, which can be incorporated in the predictive decision. Correlation and phase can be displayed, recorded or, utilized for a prediction or warning.

Abstract: A detection system for use in an aircraft which is able to monitor atmospheric conditions ahead of the aircraft, generate an alarm signal if adverse atmospheric conditions exist ahead of the aircraft and generate information which indicates the position of the adverse conditions so the adverse conditions can be avoided. The system is able to detect the presence of volcanic ash cloud ahead of the aircraft and, if desired, can also be used to detect a high density of sulphur dioxide gas and/or clear air turbulence ahead of the aircraft. The system monitors infrared radiation received by the aircraft, generates intensity signals representative of at least one predetermined wavelength of the radiation and compares intensity signals with reference signals or intensity signals of another infrared wavelength.

Abstract: A lightning ranging device which utilizes two frequencies in the field generated by a lightning discharge to determine range. The relative amplitudes of the outputs from two tuned receiver channels varies with distance from the lightning stroke. A two-dimensioned look-up table with two inputs and one output can be utilized to output the range. The original ratio of the amplitudes of the two frequencies can be determined empirically from experimental data and amplification factors on the two frequency channels are pre-set at different levels to compensate for this difference in the original energy level.

Abstract: The present invention improves upon conventional windshear data processing techniques in three mutually exclusive aspects. First, the present invention provides an improved method and system for detecting microburst downdraft candidates. The improvement lies in its capability of detecting multiple candidates in range. Because of the added capability to detect multiple candidates in range, the present invention also provides an improved method and system for azimuthal association of the multiple candidates in range to define an accurate locus of headwind and tailwind pairs. Second, the present invention provides an improvement in that it utilizes a non-circularly symmetric spatial model to compute the vertical component of a total hazard factor. Third, the present invention provides an improvement in the accurate detection of small radii microbursts by correcting bias present in the data from which the small radii microbursts may be detected.

Abstract: A system and method for the detection and measurement of atmospheric air movement irregularities such as wind velocity vector, clear air turbulence, aircraft induced vorteces and turbulence, by means of electromagnetic waves. An air volume (10) under investigation is illuminated by a transmitter (1, 1A, 1B) with a beam of coherent electromagnetic energy (1E), and a resulting wave field (2E) is received and subsequently coherently demodulated and processed in process means to derive information on the existence of the said atmospheric irregularities and furthermore to give specific measurements of related parameters. At least one receiver (2, 2A, 2B) for said resulting wave field (2E), which is due to scattering in said air volume (10), is positioned at a bistatic location having a selected distance (2R) from said transmitter (1, 1A, 1B). Said electromagnetic energy (1E) is transmitted at microwave frequencies in a concentrated beam.

Abstract: An electronic device for multiplexing several loads to the terminals of a source of alternating electrical energy. The source(4) of alternating electrical energy is coupled by electromagnetic flux to the loads by using primary excitation windings 71, 81 and 91 connect to the terminals of the source (4) of alternating electrical energy and secondary windings respectively corresponding to the number of loads. The secondary windings are at least partially coupled to the primary winding and are each connected to the terminals of a load. The coupling is inhibited by auxiliary winding 73 which are each totally coupled with the secondary winding 72. The inhibition function is controlled in order to inhibit all the magnetic couplings except for one and this particular one changes as a function of the respective load to be coupled to the source 4 of alternating electrical energy.

Abstract: A weather radar system with icing detection capability is disclosed. Increased radar system sensitivity is combined with aircraft outside air temperature to determine super-cooled liquid water content which leads to icing. The radar system can operate in a rainfall mode only, an icing mode only, or in both modes. Display modes include plan position indicator and range height indicator configurations.

Abstract: A multiple-Doppler radar network can be constructed using only one, traditional, transmitting pencil-beam radar and one or more passive, non-transmitting receiving sites. Radiation scattered from the pencil beam of the transmitting radar as it penetrates weather targets can be detected at the receive-only sites as well as at the transmitter. In a bistatic system, the location of targets in Cartesian space can be calculated from the pointing angle of the transmitting antenna and the time between transmission of a radar pulse from the transmitter and detection at a passive receiver site.

Abstract: A multiple Doppler radar network can be constructed using only one, traditional, transmitting pencil-beam radar and one or more passive, non-transmitting receiving sites. Radiation scattered from the pencil beam of the transmitting radar as it penetrates weather targets can be detected at the receive-only sites as well as at the transmitter. In a bistatic system, the location of targets in Cartesian space can be calculated from the pointing angle of the transmitting antenna and the time between transmission of a radar pulse from the transmitter and detection at a passive receiver site.

Abstract: A microburst precursor detector samples radar returns from meteorological radar signal reflectors and processes the signal returns in a statistical manner to determine average radar reflectivity and to extract Doppler signal parameters. The vertical velocity in still air and the vertical velocity of the meteorological radar reflectors are respectively determined from the average reflectivity and the Doppler signal parameters. The difference between the two vertical velocities is taken to determine the vertical wind velocity. The vertical wind velocity and the average reflectivity are processed to predict the occurrence of a microburst.

Abstract: A lightning detection and display system for aircraft is disclosed. A lightning detection system detects the bearing and distance of lightning strikes to the aircraft and the aircraft navigation system determines the aircraft position relative to earth. A computer then calculates the position of each strike relative to earth and displays the aircraft's position and lightning strike locations in their correct relative positions. While the aircraft moves, the computer periodically updates the display data to maintain an accurate depiction. The system stores a history of lightning strikes and displays such history in a time-lapse mode to represent the storm's trend in direction and magnitude.

Abstract: A system for classifying detected lightning strikes detects signals representative of a lightning strike and processes such signals to generate a frequency signature thereof which is used to classify the lightning strike represented by the detected signals into a type. In a preferred embodiment, the type is selected from a plurality of predetermined types based on the frequency signature. In an alternate embodiment, a pulse width of the lightning strike is determined from the detected signals and used in combination with the frequency signature to classify the lightning strike into its type.

Abstract: A sampled data lightning strike detection and mapping system receives a signal waveform representative of a lightning strike and digitizes samples of the waveform to generate a train of digital data samples. The digital data samples are monitored to identify a trigger sample which exceeds a predetermined threshold. The trigger sample governs the commencement of processing of digital samples of the train for detection and mapping of the lightning strike. Upon determination of an invalid lightning strike from the digital data samples, the processing is aborted and the monitoring operation resumed until a next trigger sample is identified.

Abstract: A sampled data lightning strike detection and mapping system receives first and second signal waveforms representative of a magnetic field, and a third signal waveform representative of an electrical field, the first, second and third signal waveforms each including a pulse shaped portion and a trailing shaped portion. Samples of the first, second and third signal waveforms are digitized to generate first, second and third trains of digital data signals representative of their respective signal waveforms. A sample which exceeds a predetermined threshold level from the first and second trains is identified as a trigger sample and the train including the trigger sample is designated as the trigger train.