Abstract: A system and method for increasing the effective angular resolution of a multi-function phased array radar system is provided. The system is operative to simultaneously transmit a plurality of overlapping sub-beams covering a representative central beam. A de-convolution process is applied to received return signals. The process includes determining the reflectivity within sub-beamwidth resolution cells defined by the overlapping sub-beams. Generated sub-beamwidth data provides the radar system with an effective angular resolution beyond that of any single transmitted beam.

Abstract: A low-profile lens element for steering a beam is provided. Specifically, the low-profile lens element is mechanically rotatable such that a beam can be steered in any direction within three-dimensional space. The lens element may include a number of discrete portions for differentially delaying adjacent discrete portions of a beam in order to effect beam steering. These discrete portions may vary in width. In addition, multiple lens elements may be provided.

Abstract: An Advanced Focal Plane Array (“AFPA”) for parabolic dish antennas that exploits spatial diversity to achieve better channel equalization performance in the presence of multipath (better than temporal equalization alone), and which is capable of receiving from two or more sources within a field-of-view in the presence of multipath. The AFPA uses a focal plane array of receiving elements plus a spatio-temporal filter that keeps information on the adaptive FIR filter weights, relative amplitudes and phases of the incoming signals, and which employs an Interference Cancelling Constant Modulus Algorithm (IC-CMA) that resolves multiple telemetry streams simultaneously from the respective aero-nautical platforms. This data is sent to an angle estimator to calculate the target's angular position, and then on to Kalman filters FOR smoothing and time series prediction. The resulting velocity and acceleration estimates from the time series data are sent to an antenna control unit (ACU) to be used for pointing control.

Abstract: A radar system, including: a compact, active phased array antenna for transmission and reception of a focused radiation beam, circuits for providing signals to produce or detect a radiation beam by the phased array antenna and to control or detect the direction of the radiation beam, and wherein the radar is adapted to be mounted on a missile and scan a selected area proceeding the direction of motion of the missile.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) phased array transmitter system comprises a phased array for generating an RF signal. The phased array comprises conductive patches formed in an array, separation gaps, and active sources. Each of the separation gaps is formed between two adjacent ones of the conductive patches, and each of the active sources is formed across its associated one of the separation gaps. The system further comprises an optical source for generating an optical signal and an RF source for generating an RF signal. In addition, the system comprises an optical modulator coupled to the optical source and the RF source. The optical modulator receives an optical signal and an RF signal, and produces an RF modulated optical signal based on the received optical signal and the received RF signal.

Abstract: A method of for processing signals in a radar system is shown comprising an antenna system having at least two antenna elements, a beam forming arrangement (ABF_RX, ABF_TX) for selectively steering the directivity of the antenna system in a given selected direction, the directivity of the antenna system having a main lobe in the selected direction and a back lobe (BL) in another direction and of a lower magnitude than the main lobe. By utilizing various scale and subtract processing both noise levels and ghost signals can be considerably reduced. A SAR radar apparatus has moreover been shown.

Abstract: Rather than costly modifications to existing radars, a small, low cost radar warning receiver is used to monitor the RF environment. This add-on receiver can provide situational awareness including RF signal levels and angle of arrival, and recommend or provide antenna scanning synchronization, blanking inputs or gated reactionary outputs to or for the airborne radar. Utilization of this information can be used to reduce false alarms and improve system performance.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of digital signal processing devices for supplying phase-and-amplitude-weighted digital baseband signals, a beamforming processor for processing the weighted digital baseband signals to adaptively form a plurality of beam patterns for the antenna elements, a plurality of digital modulators for converting the digital baseband signals into intermediate frequency digital signals, and a modulator for modulating in-phase and quadrature components of the intermediate frequency digital signals to produce composite radio frequency output signals for the antenna elements. Receiving apparatus, and methods of transmitting and receiving a plurality of signals on a plurality of antenna elements are also provided.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a dual mode radar transceiver. The dual mode transceiver includes a plurality of transmit channels. Each of the plurality of transmit channels is adapted to switch between a first mode and a second mode. The first mode includes a first combination of the plurality of transmit channels adapted to concurrently transmit outgoing signals. The second mode includes a plurality of different combinations of the plurality of transmit channels. Each of the plurality of different combinations has fewer transmit channels than the first combination. Other methods and systems are also disclosed.

Abstract: A scanning radar system suitable for detecting and monitoring ground-based targets includes a frequency generator, a frequency scanning antenna, and a receiver arranged to process signals received from a target so as to identify a Doppler frequency associated with the target. The frequency generator generates sets of signals, each set having a different characteristic frequency, and includes a digital synthesiser arranged to modulate a continuous wave signal of a given characteristic frequency by a sequence of modulation patterns to generate one set of signals. The frequency scanning antenna cooperates with the frequency generator to transceive radiation over a region having an angular extent dependent on the generated frequencies.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to methods for managing resources in radar time, that is to say methods making it possible to manage in an optimal manner the scheduling of the boresightings performed. The method according to the invention firstly consists in supplying a table containing candidate boresightings. These candidate boresightings are those corresponding to the boresighting requests to be taken into account by the radar. Each boresighting is associated with a set of candidate frequencies, chosen from among the set of authorized frequencies, each set being defined specifically for each candidate boresighting. The candidate frequencies are determined so as to guarantee a diversity of the frequencies which are emitted by the radar, all boresightings taken together. The management of the boresighting requests takes into account in a dynamic manner the variations in the rotation speed of the antenna.

Abstract: A phased array radar system comprising a plurality of radiating elements configured in a common array aperture for detecting and tracking targets; and a transmit and receive arrangement responsive to a first control signal for configuring the plurality of radiating elements to define a plurality of sub-apertures from the common array aperture for detecting and tracking short range targets, wherein the plurality of sub-apertures are independently steerable array apertures and include an amplitude taper applied across each of the plurality of sub-apertures to reduce a peak sidelobe level.

Abstract: A method of using a bistatic passive radar system for tracking a plurality of targets utilizing transmitted radar signals from at least one satellite platform in a geosynchronous orbit with the earth, a radar receiver capturing signals from a reflection of the transmitted radar signals from each target, tracking a position of each target over time, and a processing method for computation of a fire control solution of each target.

Abstract: An antenna array in a radio node includes multiple antenna elements for transmitting a wider beam covering a majority of a sector cell that includes a common signal and a narrower beam covering only a part of the sector cell that includes a mobile user-specific signal. Transmitting circuitry is coupled to the antenna array, and processing circuitry is coupled to the transmitting circuitry. The processing circuitry ensures the user-specific signal and the common signal in a mixed beam embodiment are in-phase and time-aligned at the antenna array. In a steered beam embodiment, the processing circuitry ensures the user-specific signal and the common signal are time-aligned and have a controlled phase difference when received at mobile stations in the sector cell. In both embodiments, distortions in the common signal and the user-specific signal associated with their conversion from baseband frequency to radio frequency are also compensated.

Abstract: A low-profile lens element for steering a beam is provided. Specifically, the low-profile lens element is mechanically rotatable such that a beam can be steered in any direction within three-dimensional space. The lens element may include a number of discrete portions for differentially delaying adjacent discrete portions of a beam in order to effect beam steering.

Abstract: A scanning radar system suitable for detecting and monitoring ground-based targets includes a frequency generator, a frequency scanning antenna, and a receiver arranged to process signals received from a target so as to identify a Doppler frequency associated with the target. The frequency generator generates sets of signals, each set having a different characteristic frequency, and includes a digital synthesiser arranged to modulate a continuous wave signal of a given characteristic frequency by a sequence of modulation patterns to generate one set of signals. The frequency scanning antenna cooperates with the frequency generator to transceive radiation over a region having an angular extent dependent on the generated frequencies.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention are concerned with a radar system, and relates specifically to scanning radar systems that are suitable for detecting and monitoring ground-based targets.

Abstract: A wireless communication method of exploiting the radio frequency (RF) physical environment to establish a sufficient number of usable multiple paths of RF propagation for facilitating communications. The method is implemented in a wireless communication system including at least one transmitter and at least one receiver. The receiver's antenna is directed towards one of a plurality of reception paths and receives a data stream from the transmitter via the reception path that the receiver antenna is directed towards. The receiver decodes the data stream, reconstructs a modulation pattern of the decoded data stream, and subtracts the reconstructed data stream from a sum of all of the signals received by the receiver via the reception paths. The receiver provides received signal direction information associated with reception paths to the transmitter. The transmitter adjusts and/or eliminates one or more of the reception paths that are unusable based on the signal direction information.

Abstract: A weight calculation method begins by storing a target reflection signal of a radar pulse received via an antenna in cells corresponding to positions along with a reception timing for a plurality of processing range cells having lengths equivalent to prescribed ranges on a time axis. The method continues by calculating weights by stage for the phase and amplitude of the target reflection signal to form a reception composite beam so that arrival directions of spurious elements become zero to an arrival direction of the target reflection signal by using values stored in the plurality of processing cells. The calculating of the weights monitors changes of specific variables indicating correlation values among stages in the plurality of processing stages to stop a shift to the next processing stage at the time when the variables exceed a reference value.

Abstract: A method for phase calibrating antennas in a radar system is disclosed. The method comprises providing a transmit antenna and two or more receive antennas, the receive antennas each in communication with a respective receiver channel. A radio frequency pulse having a leakage pulse is transmitted from the transmit antenna. The leakage pulse is received at each of the receive antennas and respective receiver channel. The relative phase change between the receive antennas is determined by using the leakage pulse as a reference signal.

Abstract: A radio communication apparatus includes a received beam generating section 12 for generating received beams beam0 and beam1, which are perpendicular to each other and spatially separated, by assigning weights to received signals fed from receiving antennas 11 by using received beam weights; path search sections 13 and 14 each for outputting path information when the received beams beam0 or beam1 includes a spread signal spread by a known spreading code; a demodulating section 16 for outputting demodulation data by receiving the received beams beam0 and beam1 and by RAKE combining them in response to the path information; and a feedback control section 15 for outputting selection information 101 by selecting a transmission beam to be transmitted in response to the path information and the phase difference between the received beams beam0 and beam1 fed from the demodulating section 16.

Abstract: A monitoring apparatus of the present application includes: a transmission antenna section that transmits a radio wave of single beam having a wide angle or alternatively a radio wave having a narrower (angular) range in a plurality of beam directions. A receiving antenna section receives the radio wave transmitted by the transmission antenna section and then reflected by a target. A beam switching instrument performs a switching operation such that power is fed to either a first power feed section or a second power feed section, which thereby controls the beam directions of the radio waves to monitor a specified area.

Abstract: A bistatic passive radar system for tracking at least one target utilizing means for transmitting radar signals from at least one satellite platform in a geosynchronous orbit with the earth, means for receiving radar signals from a reflection from each target, means for tracking a position of each target over time, and means for computation of a fire control solution of each target.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for utilizing a switched beam directional antenna in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is disclosed. A wireless communication system includes a serving cell, a neighbor cell and a WTRU. The WTRU is configured to generate and steer a directional beam in a plurality of directions. Once the WTRU registers with the wireless communication system, the WTRU receives messages transmitted by the serving cell. The WTRU measures signal quality of messages received in each of a plurality of predetermined directions while steering the directional beam antenna. The WTRU selects a particular one of the directions having the best signal quality. As the WTRU constantly moves, the WTRU monitors signal quality in the selected direction, and switches to another direction when the signal quality in a current direction drops below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An electric wave transmitting/receiving module includes: a waveguide including a conductive member and an opening facing a transmitting side and/or a receiving side; a dielectric substrate disposed on a side opposite to the opening of the waveguide; and transmitting/receiving means. The transmitting/receiving means includes a core line, a transmitting/receiving element, and a wire. The core line and the transmitting/receiving element are horizontally disposed on the dielectric substrate. The core line transmits the transmitting electric wave and/or receives the receiving electric wave. The transmitting/receiving element outputs a transmitting/receiving signal corresponding to the transmitting electric wave and/or the receiving electric wave. The wire sends the transmitting/receiving signal from the transmitting/receiving element to an external circuit.

Abstract: A method for phase calibrating antennas in a radar system is disclosed. The method comprises providing a transmit antenna and two or more receive antennas, the receive antennas each in communication with a respective receiver channel. A radio frequency pulse having a leakage pulse is transmitted from the transmit antenna. The leakage pulse is received at each of the receive antennas and respective receiver channel. The relative phase change between the receive antennas is determined by using the leakage pulse as a reference signal.

Abstract: A power gated variable hop cycle beam laydown (700) manifests itself as first cells (C, D) supported by a first hop cycle, second cells (G, H) supported by a second hop cycle, and transition cells (E, F) supported by a transition hop cycle. The transition hop cycle uses power gating to transition the laydown (700) from cells (C, D) operating at the first hop cycle to cells (G, H) operating at the second hop cycle. To this end, the transition hop cycle power gates its downlink beam for a portion of time needed to reduce interference between nearby (e.g., adjacent) cells.

Abstract: A phased array radar system comprising a plurality of radiating elements configured in a common array aperture for detecting and tracking targets; and a transmit and receive arrangement responsive to a first control signal for configuring the plurality of radiating elements to define a plurality of sub-apertures from the common array aperture for detecting and tracking short range targets, wherein the plurality of sub-apertures are independently steerable array apertures.

Abstract: A system for differentiating between a signal from a physical source and a nonlinear signal effect includes an array, a delay control element and a signal processing element. The array is configured to detect a signal at a particular location using an initial time delay. The delay control element is configured to modify the initial time delay by a selected value and to apply a phase delay in an amount equal to the selected value and at a frequency of the signal. The signal processing element is configured to determine whether the signal corresponds to one of a physical source or a nonlinear signal effect based on whether a shift in a perceived location of the signal occurs.

Abstract: A low profile mobile in-motion antenna and transmit/receive terminal system for two-way “VSAT” type satellite communication using FSS service, preferably in Ku band, supporting at the same time TV signal reception from the same satellite or a separate DBS satellite located at the same or nearby geo-stationary orbital position.

Abstract: Measurement opportunities are provided to a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) operating with a switched beam antenna in a CDMA wireless communication system. The switched beam antenna is a smart antenna generating a plurality of directional beams and an omni-directional beam. The bursty nature of packet data transmission generates periods of inactivity or low traffic during a call. The WTRU switches to antenna beams other than the selected antenna beam for receiving and measuring signals during these periods of inactivity or low traffic. Moreover, if the network has knowledge of the fact the WTRU is operating using a switched beam antenna, the network can use this information when making decisions on channel allocations, thus providing frequent measurement opportunities to the WTRU in order to support the switched beam antenna operation.

Abstract: A weather radar system or method can be utilized to adjust a position of a weather radar system. The weather radar system can utilize processing electronics coupled to an antenna control system. The processing electronics can determine an error associated with the position of the weather radar antenna and adjust the position of the weather radar antenna in response to data related to returns received by the weather radar antenna and data related to expected returns.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a channel quality in wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs) which are equipped with a subscriber based smart antenna. The WTRUs are equipped with a smart antenna so that the WTRU generates a plurality of directional beams and, optionally, an omni-directional beam. A dwell time is provided in a measurement period to switch a beam from an active beam to a non-active beam. The active beam is one of the plurality of directional beams or, optionally, the omni-directional beam, for communication with one or more serving base station(s). A beam is switched to a non-active beam at the initiation of the dwell time. Signals are received through the switched non-active beam, and samples of the received signals are generated. The samples are stored in a memory. Channel quality is measured using the samples, whereby the dwell time to measure the channel quality is minimized.

Abstract: An automotive radar system includes a beamformer circuit and a beamcombiner circuit. The beamformer circuit forms a plurality of antenna beams at a plurality of beam ports. The beam combiner circuit receives the beams provided thereto from the beamformer circuit and combines the beams to provide a desired number of beams, with each of the beams having a desired beam shape. In one embodiment, the beamcombiner provides first and second end beams having a beamwidth which is less than a beamwidth of middle beams.

Abstract: A method is described for detecting an object with target radar. After the first detection of an object, the antenna is tilted. The original direction towards the object is restored by electronically steering the emitted beam. The beamsteering is obtained by changing the frequency of the emitted signal. Thus, the object may be detected several times on different frequencies. The method is particularly applicable in search and track radars.

Abstract: A radar can detect target azimuths located outside and adjacent to a scanning angular range of a beam by determining changes in received signal strength (a signal-strength profile) in the azimuthal direction as a function of a beam azimuth in a predetermined scanning angular range, and estimating the target azimuth causing the signal-strength profile from the signal-strength profile, which is portion of a convex located adjacent to the outermost angle in the scanning angular range. For example, the target azimuth is estimated by a ratio between the received signal strength at the outermost angle of about 10.0° and the received signal strength at about 9.5°, which is one beam inside the outermost position.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for operating a radar system to provide a thunderstorm image to a pilot. The method comprises using one or more radar scans depending upon the aircraft altitude, a single upward tilted scan at or below a datum level of about 15,000±3000 feet wherein a clutter free storm image may be obtained and two scans above the datum level; a first upward tilting scan to determine, clutter free, a storm head perimeter and a second lower tilting scan for the storm body with ground clutter. The perimeter is used to discard return echoes from the second scan that lie outside the perimeter or an expansion thereof and retain those lying on or within the perimeter. The result is presented to the pilot. Optionally, the thunderstorm image is graded from center to edge so as to indicate weaker echo intensity near the edge.

Abstract: A radar apparatus and a radar signal processing method can prevent misdetection even in the case of targets running side by side without an azimuth angle error being varied in accordance with the velocities of the targets. An antenna direction control part controls the direction of an antenna so as to vary the directions of radar beams at the time of observation in up phases and at the time of observation in down phases. An azimuth angle calculation section of a signal processing part calculates azimuth angles in up and down phases, and an azimuth angle determination section of the signal processing part selects an output content of observation data concerning a target to be detected from the amplitude of a difference between the azimuth angles in up and down phase.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus has transmitter illuminating a selected surface with a radar beam footprint, and processor for profiling/processing the radar returns so as to derive attitude information in real time about a number of predefined axes associated with the radar which depends upon the relative dispositions of the radar, the selected surface and upon the radar beam footprint characteristics. A plurality of transmit beams image the surface and the processing arrangement has the capability of determining roll, pitch and/or yaw pointing data associated with the radar, such pointing data being determined by derivation of the attitude information and by selective input of terrain elevation data so as to take account of variations in the radar viewing geometry with terrain elevation. This provides a low cost advantage over known radar designs, and retains utility for many applications, for example spaceborne and airborne applications.

Abstract: An inspection system uses microwave radiation to capture a microwave image of a transportable item. The system includes a transmit scanning panel including a transmit array of transmit antenna elements, each being programmable with a respective phase delay to direct a transmit beam of microwave radiation toward a target of the transportable item for transmission of the microwave radiation through the target. The system further includes a receive scanning panel including a receive array of receive antenna elements, each being programmable with a respective phase delay to receive a receive beam of microwave radiation from the target. A processor measures the amplitude and phase of the microwave radiation in the receive beam to determine a relative value of a pixel within the microwave image of the transportable item based on a reference value of the pixel.

Abstract: A radar system having a beamless emission signature is described. In one implementation, the radar system includes a transmission system and a receiver system. The transmission system is configured to transmit a pattern comprising a plurality of radar signals having different frequencies simultaneously. The receiver system is configured to receive a reflection of the pattern and combine the plurality of radar signals into a composite waveform forming an image of a target.

Abstract: An FM-CW radar apparatus capable of detecting a stationary object, in particular, an overbridge, located above the road ahead in a simple manner uses a traveling wave antenna as a transmitting antenna, and includes a means for varying, in upward and downward directions the projection angle of a combined beam pattern of a transmitted wave radiated from the traveling wave antenna, and an overbridge is detected by varying the projection angle of the combined beam pattern in the upward direction using the varying means. Further, a phase shifter for varying the projection angle of the beam pattern in upward/downward directions by controlling the phase of the radio wave to be transmitted or received is provided on either a transmitting antenna or a receiving antenna or on a transmitting/receiving antenna, and an overbridge is detected by controlling the phase shifter and varying the projection angle of the beam pattern in the upward direction.

Abstract: A radar system with a radar sensor (10) which comprises a transmitting module (20), a receiving module (22) and a supply network (64), wherein the transmitting module (20) comprises a first plurality of partial antennas (26, 28, 30, 32, 34) and the receiving module (22) comprises a second plurality of partial antennas (46, 48, 50), and wherein the supply network (64) operates at least one partial antenna (30) of the transmitting module (20) together with at least one partial antenna (48) of the receiving module (22) in a first operating mode, to obtain a first, low angular resolution, and wherein the supply network operates one group of partial antennas (26, 28, 30, 32, 34) of the transmitting module (20) together with a group of partial antennas (46, 48, 50) of the receiving module (22) in a second operating mode to obtain a second high angular resolution.

Abstract: A plurality of primary detection regions A to I are scanned by switching a beam width and a beam direction of an antenna. The primary detection regions A to I are formed such that one detection region overlaps at least one of other detection regions. A small region (any one of secondary detection region (1) to (14)) corresponding to a region provided by excluding a region corresponding to a sum of set of the detection regions where a detection object was not detected, from a region corresponding to a product set of the primary detection regions where the object was detected is specified as a bearing in which the object exists, based on detection results of the respective primary detection regions.

Abstract: The invention solves a problem of fluctuation in performance in the conventional peripheral monitor for monitoring periphery of a vehicle that measures a distance to other vehicle or any other object by transmitting radio waves and informs a driver of the distance due to variation in environmental conditions such as water drop sticking onto the cover. A peripheral monitor 1 including a transmission antenna 2 for radiating transmission waves through the cover, a receiving antenna 3 for receiving reflected waves through the cover, and a data processor for measuring a distance to any object are disposed together in a cover 7. A transmission frequency at which reflected wave quantity is minimized is detected by detecting a first reflected signal level from the cover 7, and this frequency is a command to a variable frequency oscillator to conduct a transmission at this frequency at all times.

Abstract: Receiving apparatus, for receiving a transmission signal in a cellular mobile communications system, comprises a main beamformer (6M, 14M) which processes received signals, representing the said transmission signal, in accordance with a main beam pattern. This main beam pattern is determined by beam control information applied to the main beamformer. The main beam pattern is adjusted as necessary during use of the receiving apparatus to facilitate reception of the said transmission signal. The apparatus also has three assistant beamformers (6A1, 14A2; 6A2, 14A2; 6A3, 14A3) that, in an initial operating phase of the apparatus, process such received signals in accordance with three different assistant beam patterns. Each such pattern is determined by beam control information (W1–W33) corresponding individually thereto. The three assistant beamformers produce output signals (OA1, OA2, OA3) corresponding respectively to the different assistant beam patterns.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of employing synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to automatically classify a target comprising emitting and collecting SAR signals at a plurality of squint angles, forming a plurality of SAR images of the target from the collected signals, the plurality of SAR images substantially having tilt angle diversity, automatically classifying the target from each of the plurality of SAR images, and generating a most probable target classification from the classifications of the plurality of SAR images.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and system using dynamic beam forming for wireless communication signals in a wireless network. Base stations and/or UEs are provided with antenna systems having a range of beam forming selections. Relative base station and UE locations are one type of criteria used to make beam forming decisions.

Abstract: Beams are irradiated in three directions by switching an irradiation direction of a mainlobe of an antenna by stages, and an echo is received from a detection object obtained in the mainlobe or a sidelobe in each irradiation direction. Then, reflection power intensity in each irradiation direction is found from the received echo, and pattern of relative variation of the reflection power intensity (power intensity pattern) in each irradiation direction is generated. Meanwhile, a detection region is divided into seven bearings “c” to “i” and a power intensity pattern when an object exists in each bearing is previously stored as a reference pattern in each bearing. Then, the bearing in which the detection object exists is specified by comparing the power intensity pattern obtained from the received echo with the reference pattern in each bearing.

Abstract: A reflected energy detecting device includes a transmitter for transmitting an electromagnetic signal and a receiver for receiving a reflected electromagnetic signal. An antenna may be operatively connected with the transmitter and the receiver for radiating the electromagnetic signal and capturing the reflected electromagnetic signal and the antenna may be movable. A main controller may be provided for controlling operation of the transmitter and the receiver and the movement of the antenna and the reflected energy detecting device may further include at least one platform. The at least one platform may support a remote reflector that is dimensioned and configured to redirect the transmitted electromagnetic signal in a desired direction and a platform controller that is configured to communicate with the main controller and to maintain alignment between the remote reflector and the antenna.