Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna on a vehicle rear window glass for the reception of FM radio broadcasting and TV broadcasting in both the VHF and UHF bands. The window glass is provided with defogging heater strips, and the antenna uses a space left above the heater strips.

Abstract: A first inductance element is series-connected into a reception signal path of an antenna circuit between an antenna element and a receiver. A second inductance element is arranged to connect the antenna circuit to ground. These inductance elements series- and parallel-resonate with a ground stray capacitance of the antenna circuit including a feeder cable, so that reduction of gain of the reception system due to the stray capacitance is improved. A damping resistor is coupled to the second inductance element. The system has high reception sensitivity over a wide reception range with eliminating use of a pre-amplifier.

Abstract: A compensating/amplifying device for a window glass antenna for an automobile. The device utilizes heating wires, which remove fog formed on the automobile window glass, as an antenna and includes band-pass filter coils interposed between a battery of the automobile and the heating wires, and the band-pass filter coils and a floating capacity between the heating wires and ground are used as a part of an input band-pass filter of a compensating amplifier.

Abstract: A pair of antenna conductors are formed on upper and lower blank portions outside an area where defogging heater wires are attached on a window glass of a motor vehicle. One of the antenna conductors is RF-coupled with the defogging heater wires and a feed terminal thereof is located at a lateral side of the glass. The other antenna conductor has a feed terminal located at another lateral side of the glass. A pair of reception signals complement with each other in directivity due to asymmetric characteristic of the antenna conductors and are used in a diversity reception system for obtaining a nondirectional reception characteristic.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anti-icer system that can be used to neutralize the effects of a nuclear electromagnetic pulse or of parasitic electromagnetic fields coming from other radars transmitting in the vicinity. This anti-icer comprises a sheet of conductive wires positioned on a screen placed before the aperture of the radar antenna and connected in series/parallel combinations to the terminals of a supply source so that each is crossed by a heating current. The conductive wires of the sheet and their interconnections form at least one pair of patterns, on the screen, that are symmetrical with reference to an axis. This symmetry provides for a neutralization by opposition of the induced electromotive forces. FIG. 2.

Abstract: An inductance element is arranged to parallel resonate with a ground stray capacitance component of an antenna element on a motor vehicle and a feeder cable to a receiver. Matching means is provided to compensate for a Q-factor of the parallel resonance for improving a reception gain over a wide range in a reception band.

Abstract: A radio receiver antenna system including an antenna arrangement (1) which provides two signals (v.sub.a, v.sub.b) respectively as are provided by two antennas having different reception characteristics, and circuitry (T1, T2, 35 to 47) for combining the signals so that the output (V.sub.0) is significant for all values of the relative phase of the two signals. A particular application is in vehicle radio receiver systems using the rear window heater as an antenna.

Abstract: A radio receiver antenna system for overcoming multiple path propagation fading, includes an antenna arrangement which provides respectively at two terminals in response to a given transmitted signal, two signals at the frequency of the transmitted signal as are respectively produced by two antennas having different reception characteristics. A combining circuit is operative for producing an output at the frequency of the transmitted signal by combining the signals produced at said terminals in such manner that the output is significant for substantially all values of the relative phase of the two signals. The combining circuit includes an inductive winding to opposite ends of which the two signals are respectively applied. An output is derived from a tapping point on the winding or from a second winding, inductively coupled to said first-mentioned winding. A first output is preferably derived from a tapping point on the first-mentioned winding.

Abstract: A window glass has a heat ray reflective layer including metal nitrides as a component thereof and an antenna conductor for an automobile wherein the heat ray reflective layer has a surface resistance of at least 20 k.OMEGA./sq. for preventing interference with the antenna operation.

Abstract: A first antenna conductor is provided onto a margin area of a group of defogging heater wires on a surface of a laminated window glass. A second antenna conductor is provided into an intermediate layer of the laminated glass. The former is tuned to receive waves in lower reception band and the latter is assigned to higher reception band with its conductor arranged to cross the heater wires. The first and second antenna conductors are coupled to obtain a good bandwidth characteristic even in relatively narrow space for conductors.

Abstract: A glass window antenna for use in a motor vehicle provides satisfactory antenna characteristics while making best use of the space of a glass window with a heating conductor as the main antenna element which is heated by a pair of power supply lines through choke coils. In a preferred embodiment, a capacitor is connected across the power supply lines at a position between the choke coils and the heating conductor to minimize the loss or leakage of radio signals from the heating conductor through the choke coils. A symmetrical pair of wires coupled with each other is formed on the glass window and connected to ends of the heating conductor to improve a radio wave reception gain.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna on a vehicle rear window glass for the reception of FM radio broadcasting and TV broadcasting in both the VHF and UHF bands. The window glass is provided with defogging heater strips, and the antenna uses a space left above the heater strips. The antenna is a combination of a main antenna and a secondary antenna, and every element of the antenna is a conductive strip. The main antenna has at least two horizontally extending primary elements which are parallel to and at a relatively short distance from each other. Each of the primary elements has a length of 300-550 mm and is connected at its one end to the other(s) by a subsidiary element arranged perpendicular to the primary elements. The secondary antenna has a middle part, which is relatively long and extends horizontally, and two extension parts which extend from the two opposite ends of the middle part parallel and close to the two opposite side edges of the window glass, respectively.

Abstract: A windshield has a generally upright transparent panel, an array of horizontal and generally parallel heater conductors on the panel and having opposite ends, and respective conductive busses connected to the heater conductors at the opposite ends thereof. Thus electricity can be applied to the busses to pass current through the heater conductors and thereby heat the panel at the array. A pair of generally upright, generally parallel, and horizontally spaced antenna conductors on the panel extend across and connect at crossing locations to the heater conductors and an output conductor is connected electrically to the antenna conductors so that radio-frequency output is taken off the output conductor. The crossing locations of each of the antenna conductors are all located at points of the same potential on the respective heater conductors and the only direct electrical connection between the pair of antenna conductors is through the heater conductors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pane antenna installed in a heated window pane of a motor vehicle to receive frequencies above the high frequency range. The antenna includes at least one wire-shaped first antenna conductor extending across parallel heating conductors of a heating field. The crossing points of the first antenna conductor with heating conductors are preferably in galvanic contact to create a capacitive antenna region along the first antenna conductor. The capacitive antenna region is coupled via a second antenna conductor extending also perpendicularly to the heating conductors, to an antenna terminal arranged on the window pane in proximity to a rim. The window pane is surrounded by a conductive frame and a grounding point is created on the frame opposite the antenna terminal.

Abstract: A windshield antenna for a vehicle is mounted on a central portion of a window glass of the vehicle. The heating wires serve both as a window defogger element and as an antenna for receiving amplitude-modulated (AM) waves. A pair of first and second antenna elements are disposed on right and left sides of the heating wire, each of the first and second antenna elements serving as an antenna for receiving frequency-modulated (FM) waves. These antenna elements can be the same size, yielding improved diversity reception characteristics.

Abstract: An antenna device for an automobile comprises an electric heating type defogger having heating strips and a bus bar for feeding a current to the heating strips and an antenna conductor having antenna strips arranged to form a pattern, which are fitted on the rear window glass fitted to a rear window opening formed in an automobile, wherein the defogger and the antenna conductor are spaced apart from each other with a predetermined small space in a capacitive coupling relation so a reactance circuit is connected to the defogger to effect anti-resonance between the defogger and the rear window opening of the body of the automobile at the central frequency in terms of logarithmic scale of a broadcast frequency band region; a quality factor value is determined by the inductance of a choke coil in the reactance circuit and the stray capacitance between the defogger and the rear window opening of the body of the automobile so that the ratio of an input impedance to a receiver to the impedance of the antenna conduct

Abstract: A unipole antenna arrangement for window pane of a motor vehicle mounted in a metal frame and including a heating field assembled of a plurality of substantially horizontally directed heating conductors, is composed of two superposed sets of substantially vertically directed antenna conductors. One of the sets extends in a first region in the heating field and the corresponding antenna conductors cross at least two horizontally directed heating wires. The antenna conductors in the other set extend in a region which adjoins the marginal heating conductor and terminates by common connection conductor leading to a connection point. The crossing points of the heating conductors and the antenna conductors are interconnected by a galvanic or a capacitive coupling. The connection point of the ends of the antenna conductors in the second set is connected by connection conductor with an antenna coupling point which is located near to the metal frame of the window pane.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a vehicle window equipped with a radio antenna as well as a heating defroster. A laminated window glass is employed advantageously which comprises inner and outer plates of glass facing respectively the interior and exterior of the vehicle. The heating structure is mounted on a first surface of the laminated glass. At least part of the antenna elements is formed on a second surface which is different from the first surface supporting the heater elements. The antenna bearing surface and/or heater bearing surface may be any surface of the laminated glass; the outer surface of the outer glass plate should be excluded from the supporting surface, however, because such surface is exposed to the exterior of the vehicle. Therefore, a relatively large area is always available for the antenna structure irrespective of the size of the window. It becomes more flexible and easier to make the design of antenna having the desired characteristics.

Abstract: A motor vehicle windshield is formed with a transparent vapor-deposited metal coating for windshield heating and with an antenna for radio reception. Preferably, the metal coating is connected to an inner conductor of a coaxial cable leading to the radio receiver, while the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to chassis or ground potential. A slot (10, 20, 30, 40, 55, 56) in the metal coating is dimensioned to have a length of some harmonic of one wavelength in the FM frequency band, a width smaller than a half wavelength, and a minimum spacing a from the supply buses on each side of the windshield.

Abstract: An improved anti-icing and de-icing system is provided for reflector-type microwave antennas having a paraboloidal reflector and an associated feed horn for launching microwave signals onto the reflector and receiving microwave signals from the reflector. The improved system comprises a non-conductive, insulated enclosure forming an enclosed cavity adjacent the rear side of the reflector, and a radiant heating system disposed within the enclosure for heating the rear side of the reflector with radiant energy, whereby the air in said cavity is in turn heated by heat transferred to said air from the rear side of the reflector. The radiant heating system comprises at least one infra-red heating source, and is supplemented by a highly reflective mirror coating disposed on the inside surface of the insulated enclosure behind the heating source to direct the radiant energy emanating from the back of the heating source of all regions of the reflector.

Abstract: An antenna radome, suitable for use with high precision, environmentally sensitive array antennas, includes a dielectric sheet formed to protect the antenna from environmental conditions and a series of conductors fixed on the sheet in a certain pattern so that the sheet with the conductors provides a lower reflection coefficient to electromagnetic waves at the antenna's operating wavelength than in the absence of the conductors. Current is caused to flow through the conductors, thus generating heat in areas of the dielectric sheet where the conductors are fixed. Accordingly, ice formation on the protective dielectric sheet can be prevented while the antenna array is operational, and accurate antenna performance is ensured. Further, the dielectric sheet presents a significantly lower reflection coefficient at the operating wavelength than radomes in which a conventional grid of heater wires is provided for melting ice.

Abstract: A heater for a composite structure (2) is integrally formed as part of the structure (2) itself. The structure (2) comprises a layer of conductive fibers (30), such as a carbon felt mat, embedded in a nonconductive matrix (31). Electrodes (11, 12) inject an electrical current through multiple paths (15) through the conductive fibers (30), whereby the fibers (30) convert the electrical current to heat energy. Thus, the fibers (30) serve the dual roles of structural support to the composite structure (2) and heat converters. The composite structure (2) can be a portion of or an entire paraboloidal antenna reflector (6), in which case the heater of the present invention prevents and removes ice and snow build-up thereon. Cutting slits (8) into the composite structure (2) is a technique which can be used to vary the heat distribution within the structure (2). The slits (8) are positioned according to the shape of the structure (2) and the location of the current injecting electrodes (11, 12).

Abstract: A heater for a composite structure (2) is integrally formed as part of the structure (2) itself. The structure (2) comprises a layer of conductive fibers (30), such as a carbon felt mat, embedded in a nonconductive matrix (31). Electrodes (11, 12) inject an electrical current through multiple paths (15) through the conductive fibers (30), whereby the fibers (30) convert the electrical current to heat energy. Thus, the fibers (30) serve the dual roles of structural support to the composite structure (2) and heat converters. The composite structure (2) can be a portion of or an entire paraboloidal antenna reflector (6), in which case the heater of the present invention prevents and removes ice and snow build-up thereon. Cutting slits (8) into the composite structure (2) is a technique which can be used to vary the heat distribution within the structure (2). The slits (8) are positioned according to the shape of the structure (2) and the location of the current injecting electrodes (11, 12).

Abstract: On a vehicle window glass provided with defogging heater strips, such as automobile rear window glass, the invention provides an antenna of improved efficiency for receiving FM and AM radio broadcast waves. In an area left above the heater strips the antenna is constructed of at least three elements each of which is a conductive strip. The first and main element is a T-shaped element with its horizontal part at a short distance from the upper edge of the window glass. On one side of the vertical part of the T-shaped element, the second element extends horizontally from a point on that vertical part. The third element, which is located on the other side of that vertical part, has a primary part which constitutes at least three sides of a horizontally elongate rectangle and a secondary part which extends horizontally from a point on the vertical part of the T-shaped element and connects with the primary part. A lead extends from a side of the rectangle to a feed point.

Abstract: The present invention provides within three particular aspects thereof an isolating and matching device operable to enable an electrically heatable window of a motor vehicle to be used as an efficient VHF communications aerial or antenna; wherein isolating and matching circuitry is provided for Series VHF Matching, Shunt VHF Matching and Split Passband Matching of an electrically heatable window heating element to an aerial input impedance of an aerial feeder circuit of a radio frequency receiver or transmit/receive device.

Abstract: This invention refers to a diversity antenna system for use in a motor vehicle with at least two diversity antennas as well as a window-mounted heater structure consisting of lateral conductors (bus bars) supplying the heater current and heater sections in between. The configuration is such that each diversity antenna has lateral bus bars (4a, 4d; 4b, 4c) and heater sections (2a, 2b) between them as well as a pair of terminals connected to a feeder network (8a, 8b) of the diversity antenna. Each pair of terminals has a ground connection point (14a, 14b) and a tap point on a bus bar (5a, 5b). The tap points on the bus bars (5a, 5b) of the diversity antennas are located such that they are essentially isolated from each other with respect to radio frequencies. The power leads to the bus bars are provided with RF traps (6a through 6d). This serves to optimize the mean signal quality yielded by each individual antenna and to minimize the coincidence of interference in the signals coming from the antennas.

Abstract: The present invention provides within three particular aspects thereof an isolating and matching device operable to enable an electrically heatable window of a motor vehicle to be used as an efficient VHF communications aerial or antenna; wherein isolating and matching circuitry is provided for Series VHF Matching, Shunt VHF Matching and Split Passband Matching of an electrically heatable window heating element to an aerial input impedance of an aerial feeder circuit of a radio frequency receiver or transmit/receive device.

Abstract: The present invention provides within three particular aspects thereof an isolating and matching device operable to enable an electrically heatable window of a motor vehicle to be used as an efficient VHF communications aerial or antenna; wherein isolating and matching circuitry is provided for Series VHF Matching, Shunt VHF Matching and Split Passband Matching of an electrically heatable window heating element to an aerial input impedance of an aerial feeder circuit of a radio frequency receiver or transmit/receive device.

Abstract: A dish antenna for receiving or transmitting signals, e.g. via a satellite, is heated by means of radiant heat from an electrical heater located behind the antenna and spaced apart therefrom. This keeps the antenna free from ice and snow and minimizes distortion. The heater is preferably a self-regulating sheet heater comprising a PTC conductive polymer.

Abstract: In a vehicle window glass antenna, linear electrodes are bonded to edges of a transparent conductive film deposited on substantially the entire surface of a glass window, and tuning conductors are arranged so as to tune antenna elements including these linear electrodes to a specific reception band, thereby increasing a reception gain without degrading the heat wave reflecting performance of the transparent conductive film. The tuning conductors are strip-shaped transparent conductive films separated by cut lines or linear conductors bonded to the linear electrodes.

Abstract: The invention provides an antenna disclosed on or in a vehicle window glass, e.g. an automobile rear window glass, for receiving FM broadcast waves. The antenna has a main element, which extends horizontally from a side marginal region of the glass pane to a middle region but does not intersect the longitudinal center axis of the glass pane, and a phase adjusting element which extends parallel to the main element from the same side marginal region and is connected at its end in the side marginal region to the main element by a perpendicular line. The feed point is connected to an arbitrary point on the perpendicular line. The main element may be folded so as to have at least one horizontally extending turn-back part. The phase adjusting element may extend to the opposite side marginal area of the glass pane and may be folded so as to have a turn-back part which extends horizontally without intersecting the center axis of the glass pane.

Abstract: The present invention provides diversity reception to effectively compensate for signal reception fading without using separate antenna structures and while using the heating element antenna of an electrically heated window of a motor vehicle. Such is accomplished by providing common (unbalanced) and balanced signal separation configurations and signal selection circuitry between the heating element antenna and the VHF aerial input terminal of a vehicle radio receiver, wherein the signal selection circuitry selectively connects the signal outputs of the common and balanced signal separation configurations to the VHF aerial input in dependence on monitored characteristics of the radio signals produced at these outputs and received by the vehicle radio receiver.

Abstract: Windshield glass for a vehicle is disclosed including heating conductive wires for defogging and antenna wires for receiving a radio wave. The reception signal of the antenna is derived from an output at the center of the windshield glass and is led out through a lead wire to a feeding point positioned at a side portion of the windshield glass. A pair of auxiliary elements extends over a whole length of upper and lower sides of the lead wire. The auxiliary elements are connected to one of a pair of power supply buses of the heating conductive wires for removing influence of the lead wire on reception characteristics of the antenna.

Abstract: A glass window for a vehicle, especially an automobile rear window carries a heater extending between a pair of spaced bus bars. The bus bars are connected to terminals on the window which are close together near a periphery of the window, preferably near the lower edge. The leads which connect the terminals to the bus bars are each fixed to a surface of the window and are sufficiently spaced from the window edge to reduce any stray capacitance to a level such that a useable radio signal is supplied to a radio receiver by a decoupling circuit connected between the heater terminals and a power supply.

Abstract: The present invention provides within three particular aspects thereof an isolating and matching device operable to enable an electrically heatable window of a motor vehicle to be used as an efficient VHF communications aerial or antenna; wherein isolating and matching circuitry is provided for Series VHF Matching, Shunt VHF Matching and Split Passband Matching of an electrically heatable window heating element to an aerial input impedance of an aerial feeder circuit of a radio frequency receiver or transmit/receiver device.

Abstract: An automotive window glass antenna incorporating in a window glass a first antenna possessing a horizontal part and a vertical part to form a T-shape, a second antenna for phase compensation comprising at least one horizontal antenna wire disposed on one side of the vertical part of the first antenna and connected thereto, a third antenna for impedance matching disposed on the other side of the vertical part of the first antenna and connected thereto, and a feed point connected to the third antenna, said the second and the third antennas being asymmetric with respect to the vertical part of the first antenna.

Abstract: An electrically heated window, for example, a motor vehicle heated rear window, is provided with a signal separating device to enable the heating element of the window to be used simultaneously as a transmitting aerial and for heating purposes.

Abstract: A thin layer of a non-stick coating having a low coefficient of friction and a low solar reflectivity producing a non-wettable surface is applied to the reflecting face of an inclined dish receiving antenna to prevent the build-up of ice or snow on the reflecting face of the antenna.

Abstract: The aftermath of a nuclear explosion generates a large amount of heat or infrared energy. When this heat is received by a parabolic reflector type antenna, the level of heat concentrated on the focal area of the feed is very intense. The present invention utilizes a highly heat conductive ceramic plug between the splash plate at the focal area of the feed and the waveguide so that heat can be readily conducted away from the splash plate and thereby minimize operational destruction of this splash plate due to thermal overload. The heat conductor material is a ceramic which is substantially transparent to RF signals being received by, or transmitted from the waveguide of the antenna system.

Abstract: An automobile antenna device comprising a first antenna section provided on a windshield glass for receiving a first wave band, a power supply terminal connected with one end of the first antenna section, a grounding terminal connected with the other end of the first antenna section and having a grounding portion which is adapted to be connected with ground, an electric power source adapted to be connected with the power supply terminal lead so that defogging current be supplied to the first antenna section, a second antenna section provided on the windshield glass for receiving a second wave band, a connecting section having one end connected with the second antenna section and the other end connected with the grounding terminal lead at least in the vicinity of the grounding portion.

Abstract: A glass antenna system for an automobile comprises a main antenna disposed at an upper part of a glass plate for a rear window of the automobile and a defogging electric heating element disposed below and separate from the main antenna and comprising a plurality of heating strips and a pair of bus bars for supplying electricity to the heating strips. The glass antenna system is characterized in that a lead wire is connected to a predetermined portion of the lower most heating strip among said heating strips and a feeding point for connection to an antenna feeder line is provided on the lead wire, whereby the defogging electric heating element constitutes a subsidiary antenna having a directivity different from the directivity of the main antenna.

Abstract: An electrically heated window, for example, a motor vehicle heated rear window, is provided with a signal separating device to enable the heating element of the window to be used simultaneously as a transmitting aerial and for heating purposes.

Abstract: Apparatus for cooperation with an associated antenna for prevention of the formation of ice and/or removal of accumulated ice which includes apparatus for enclosing a substantial portion of the convex face of the antenna to define a plenum chamber and apparatus for burning a fuel to create heat. The apparatus for burning is disposed at the plenum chamber. Apparatus is also provided for distributing heated air to the geometric extent of the plenum chamber. The associated antenna may be generally dish shaped and may have a truss supporting frame. The apparatus for enclosing may include a plurality of discrete panels dimensioned and configured for engagement with the truss work of the associated antenna. The invention also includes a bracket that includes a generally U-shaped bracket and a generally planar member.

Abstract: The coupling of radio signals, to and from the surface of a conductive body and to and from associated radio apparatus is optimized by adding, proximate to the edge of an opening (such as a window) in the body, a closed loop of relatively highly conductive material, such as copper, and coupling said radio signals to said associated radio apparatus through a plurality of interconnected adjacent loops proximate to said closed loop to maintain proper proportion of E fields and H fields in the signals fed to associated radio apparatus.

Abstract: An antenna system for a rear window glass of an automobile comprises a defogging electric heating element and patterned conductive strips for antenna wherein the configuration of the antenna and the configuration of the bus bars for the electric heating element are modified to improve non-directivity for FM radio broadcast wave for a radio receiver in the automobile.

Abstract: A parabolic radiation reflecting sheet member of an antenna is covered over a lower half portion of its convex side with a spaced sheet member which forms a manifold chamber with the reflecting sheet member. An upper edge of the manifold lies along a parabolic line along the midsection of the convex side of the antenna. A single hot air inlet conduit is attached to the manifold adjacent a lower edge and centrally of the antenna. A plurality of spaced hot air exhaust ports are positioned on the manifold upper edge and are each individually settable to control the flow of hot air from the inlet to the exhaust ports. The exhaust ports have a restricted aperture area to provide a pressure head in the chamber causing hot air to flow throughout the manifold chamber heating substantially all of the lower half portion of the reflecting sheet member.

Abstract: Apparatus for protectively housing radiation transmitting or receiving eqment is provided with a window in the form of a spherical segment, which is formed of material transmissive to radiation of the frequencies of the equipment, and which has a seating surface. A mounting for providing forces to support the window and to resist external pressure applied thereto has a bearing surface, and a heated bearing gasket abutts both the bearing and seating surfaces. The gasket is provided for resisting wear between the bearing and seating surfaces, and also for transferring selected amounts of heat to the window. A heat regulator is coupled between the window and the gasket to control the amount of heat transferred to the window by the gasket, and structure is provided for continuously joining the window, the mounting and the gasket.

Abstract: A double reflector antenna mounted on a terrestrial mount with Azimuth and elevation shafts in which a primary field radiating and detecting horn is mounted within a housing behind a central opening of the main reflector dish so as to radiate and receive energy from a sub-reflector mounted at the focal point of the main reflector dish and such that the lead supplying energy to and from the horn can be very short and the horn can be substantially shielded from snow and rain.

Abstract: Automobile window glass having a pattern of thermal defogging wires therein. The pattern of thermal defogging wires further includes a low impedance branch line coupled to the power feed point of the thermal defogging wires whereby the noise current in the pattern of thermal defogging wires is suppressed.

Abstract: Horizontally spaced arcuate frame members are supported directly or indirectly from the tower which supports the antenna. The interval between the arcuate members is spanned by a wind-permeable cover such that the frames and the cover surround the upper portion of the antenna. Each frame member may be a complete circle or an arc of a circle. Supports such as beams join the frame members to the tower and the frame member structure is stabilized with adjustable ties connecting the frame members to the tower.