Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are provided of antenna assemblies. In an exemplary embodiment, an antenna assembly generally includes at least one antenna element configured to be operable for receiving high definition television signals.

Abstract: A controllable electrical outlet may comprise a resonant loop antenna. The resonant loop antenna may comprise a feed loop electrically coupled to a radio-frequency (RF) communication circuit and a main loop magnetically coupled to the feed loop. The controllable electrical outlet may comprise one or more electrical receptacles configured to receive a plug of a plug-in electrical load and may be configured to control power delivered to the plug-in electrical load in response to an RF signal received via the RF communication circuit. The RF performance of the controllable electrical outlet may be substantially immune to devices plugged into the receptacles (e.g., plugs, power supplies, etc.) due to the operation of the resonant loop antenna. For example, degradation of the RF performance of the controllable electrical outlet may be less when the controllable electrical outlet includes the resonant loop antenna rather than other types of antennas.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for transmitting and receiving magnetic field signals in a magnetic field communication system are provided. The apparatus includes a controller configured to generate a communication signal, matching units that are configured to receive the communication signal and that respectively correspond to different matching frequencies, and loop antennas that are connected to the matching units, respectively, and that are configured to convert communication signals according to the different matching frequencies into magnetic transmission signals in the form of magnetic field energy and to transmit the magnetic transmission signals.

Abstract: A radiating element for an antenna comprises at least one radiating arm having a first electrically conductive arm segment extending in a first direction and a second electrically conductive arm segment extending in a second direction and electrically connected to the first arm segment.

Abstract: An RF tag includes an RF tag antenna and an IC chip. The RF tag antenna is provided with: an insulation base material having a first main surface, a second main surface, and a first lateral surface; a first waveguide element provided on the first main surface; a second waveguide element provided to extend from the second main surface to the first lateral surface and the first main surface; and a power supply part and a short circuiting part that are provided on the first main surface. A planar inverted-F antenna is formed from the insulation base material, the first waveguide element, the second waveguide element, the power supply part, and the short circuiting part. The lengths of the power supply part and the short circuiting part are set such that the resonant frequency of an LC resonant circuit coincides with the reception frequency of radio waves.

Abstract: A waveguide structure includes a dielectric layer, a plurality of circuit layers, a plurality of insulation layers, and a conductor connection layer. The dielectric layer has an opening. The circuit layers are disposed on the dielectric layer. The insulation layers and the circuit layers are alternately stacked. The conductor connection layer covers an outer wall of the opening in a direction perpendicular to the circuit layers and connects at least two circuit layers on two opposite sides of the opening. At least the conductor connection layer and a part of the circuit layers define an air cavity for transmitting signals at a position corresponding to the opening.

Abstract: A sensor probe. The probe includes a central loop and a plurality of peripheral loops disposed peripherally relative to the central loop. To maximize far-field suppression, current flows in a first direction through the central loop and in a second direction through each one of the plurality of peripheral loops, the first direction opposite to the second direction, and current through the central loop equals current through the plurality of peripheral loops.

Abstract: A laminated glazing panel includes an outer pane of glass and an inner pane of glass, the inner pane of glass being laminated to the outer pane of glass by a thermoplastic interlayer. The panel further has an antenna structure including: (a) a feeding structure comprising at least one ground conductor and a signal conductor, the least one ground conductor being electrically isolated from the signal conductor by a gap, and (b) a radiator, fed by the feeding structure and electrically connected to the signal conductor. The panel also has a connector, to power the antenna structure, that includes a further conductor connected to the signal conductor, and at least one conductor connected to the at least one ground conductor. The radiator, the signal conductor and the extremity of the further conductor are provided on at least one of the surfaces of the inner faces of the glass panes.

Abstract: Disclosed are an implantable sensor driven by an alignment key, an implantable device comprising the implantable sensor, and a biometric data measurement system comprising the implantable device. The implantable device according to the present embodiment may comprise an implantable sensor forming a magnetic dipole moment in one direction from the inside to the outside of the body, and may be inserted into the body to measure biometric data by means of the implantable sensor.

Abstract: An antenna device includes first and second radiating elements, and an antenna coupling element. The antenna coupling element includes a primary coil electrically connected between the first radiating element and a feed circuit and a secondary coil inductively coupled to the primary coil and electrically connected between the second radiating element and a ground. A capacitor is provided between the primary coil and the secondary coil, thus causing current to flow from the primary coil to the secondary coil or the second radiating element via the capacitor even at an anti-resonant frequency of the first radiating element.

Abstract: A measurement system utilizing metasurfaces and compressive sensing is provided that measures specular and diffuse RF reflection properties of a sample omnidirectionally across a broad frequency regime in a monostatic, bistatic, or BRDF sense. The measurement system may be used to measure the full hemispherical (or spherical) reflection from a target that has been illuminated in a monostatic or bistatic case. The measurement system may also be used to measure the full BRDF of a sample or spatially complex bistatic reflections from a sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chip card designed to communicate data in a contactless mode with a card reader operating at a reading frequency. The resonance frequency of the chip card may change according to the capacitance of the chip used in the contactless mode of the chip card. In order to be able to use various chips without changing the booster antenna design, the card antenna circuit is provided with a capacitance element such that the chip card including the card antenna circuit and the chip module has two different resonance frequencies, one of which being equal to, or lower than, the reading frequency and the other being equal to, or greater, than the reading frequency. This create a broadband wherein the reading frequency falls.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, systems and devices for varying operations of a transponder device based, at least in part, on an availability of energy and/or power that may be harvested and/or collected. In one particular implementation, operations to generate one or more signals from sensor circuitry and/or to perform computations may be varied based, at least in part, on an availability of harvestable and/or collectable energy and/or power.

Abstract: A radiating system of a wireless device transmits and receives electromagnetic wave signals in a frequency region and comprises an external port, a radiating structure, and a radiofrequency system. The radiating structure includes: a ground plane layer with a connection point; a radiation booster with a connection point and being smaller than 1/30 of a free-space wavelength corresponding to a lowest frequency of the frequency region; and an internal port between the radiation booster connection point and the ground plane layer connection point. The radiofrequency system includes: a first port connected to the radiating structure's internal port; and a second port connected to the external port. An input impedance at radiating structure's disconnected internal port has a non-zero imaginary part across the frequency region. The radiofrequency system modifies impedance of the radiating structure to provide impedance matching to the radiating system within the frequency region at the external port.

Abstract: Provided is a conductor, for example, equipped with a split-ring resonator, and an opening, wherein a split in the split-ring resonator and the opening are spatially continuous.

Abstract: Provided is a recording tape cartridge including: a case that accommodates a reel on which a recording tape is wound and includes a reference surface that serves as a reference in an axial direction of the reel in a case where the case is loaded into a drive device; noncontact communication mediums on which individual information is recorded, the noncontact communication mediums being accommodated in the case in a state where at least two noncontact communication mediums overlap each other and having a plate shape; and a supporting portion that is formed in the case and supports the noncontact communication mediums such that the noncontact communication mediums are disposed while being inclined with respect to the reference surface at an angle of approximately 45 degrees.

Abstract: A terahertz transceiver, comprising at least a first and a second antenna, wherein the first and/or the second antenna is a dipole antenna comprising a dipole section, wherein the dipole section has a gap through which light can be radiated onto the photoconductive material, and wherein a first ending of the dipole section is connected to a first feedline and a second ending of the dipole section is connected to a second feedline, the feedlines (extending with an angle to the dipole section. The first and/or the second antenna has an asymmetric design, wherein a first section of at least one of the feedlines extending on one side of the dipole section is longer than a second section of the at least one feedline extending on the other side of the dipole section and/or at least one of the feedlines extends on one side of the dipole section, only.

Abstract: A radio wave measurement device includes: a transmission antenna; a reception antenna; a main circuit configured to output a transmission signal to the transmission antenna and measure a strength of a reception signal received with the reception antenna; a connection circuit disposed between the main circuit and the reception antenna, and configured to reduce flowing of the transmission signal into the reception antenna; at least one isolator disposed between the connection circuit and the reception antenna, and configured to reduce flowing of the transmission signal into the reception antenna; and a coupler disposed between the reception antenna and the at least one isolator, the coupler being configured to distribute the reception signal to the main circuit and an external signal-waveform measurement device.

Abstract: A wireless device includes at least one slim radiating system having a slim radiating structure and a radio-frequency system. The slim radiating structure includes one or more booster bars. The booster bar has slim width and height factors that facilitate its integration within the wireless device and the excitation of a resonant mode in the ground plane layer, and has a location factor that enables it to achieve the most favorable radio-frequency performance for the available space to allocate the booster bar. The at least one slim radiating system may be configured to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals in one or more frequency regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

Abstract: The present application discloses a radiation apparatus, the apparatus comprises at least four radiators, two L-shaped feeding sheets, and a balun structure, the balun structure consists of four L-shaped structures formed by eight conductive plates; and each L-shaped structure is formed by two conductive plates arranged at approximately 90 degrees, each L-shaped structure is electrically connected to one radiator at one end of the balun structure, and angles between a length direction of the radiator and two conductive plates are approximately 45 degrees; every two adjacent L-shaped structures are arranged in a T shape, and the four radiators are approximately in a cross shape and are approximately in a same horizontal plane; two adjacent conductive plates of every two L-shaped structures are approximately parallel to each other and are spaced by a preset distance to form four feeding slots.

Abstract: A flexible coil includes a flexible substrate with a plurality of holes extending through the substrate. Each hole is configured to receive at least a portion of a fastener extending through the hole. Each fastener engages the flexible substrate and an antenna loop to positively retain the antenna loop to the flexible substrate. The holes are arranged in the flexible substrate to align each antenna loop with respect to the other antenna loops mounted to the flexible substrate. The fasteners are removably mounted to the flexible substrate such that the fastener positively retains the antenna loop to the flexible substrate when mounted to the flexible substrate but allows individual antenna loops to be removed from the flexible substrate when the fastener is removed from the flexible substrate. Multiple fasteners are provided for each antenna loop and are spaced apart from each other and positioned along the length of the loop.

Abstract: Various embodiments of inductor coils, antennas, and transmission bases configured for wireless electrical energy transmission are provided. These embodiments are configured to wirelessly transmit or receive electrical energy or data via near field magnetic coupling. The embodiments of inductor coils comprise a figure eight configuration that improve efficiency of wireless transmission efficiency. The embodiments of the transmission base are configured with at least one transmitting antenna and a transmitting electrical circuit positioned within the transmission base. The transmission base is configured so that at least one electronic device can be wirelessly electrically charged or powered by positioning the at least one device in contact with or adjacent to the transmission base.

Abstract: A device for detecting the intention to lock or unlock a vehicle opening element integrated into a handle and including a housing, a variation in the position of a target occurring under pressure from a user on the handle. A primary coil has turns wound in a plane parallel to the plane of the surface of the target. A receiver secondary coil that receives a magnetic field induced by the primary coil and has its turns wound in a plane parallel to the plane of the turns of the primary coil and with the target at least partially intercalated between the primary and secondary coils when pressure is applied to the handle. A variation in the magnetic field received by the secondary coil is detected by a measurement device for measuring a parameter resulting from the voltage induced in the secondary coil.

Abstract: A phased-array antenna and a method for controlling the same are provided. The phased-array antenna includes first and second substrates between which a cavity is formed. Phase-shifting units in the cavity each includes: a power feeder located on a surface of the first substrate facing away from the second substrate and connected to a radio-frequency signal terminal, a radiator located on the surface and insulated from the power feeder, a ground electrode located on a surface of the first substrate facing towards the second substrate. The ground electrode connects to the ground signal terminal and overlaps with the power feeder and the radiator and includes a first and a second openings. A transmission electrode located on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and connects to the control signal line.

Abstract: A communication device includes a ground plane, an antenna array, and an EBG (Electromagnetic Band Gap) structure. The antenna array includes a plurality of antenna elements. The EBG structure includes a plurality of EBG units. The EBG units are coupled to the ground plane. The antenna array is surrounded by the EBG structure. The EBG structure is configured to suppress the front-to-back ratio of the radiation efficiency of the antenna array.

Abstract: The invention provides an antenna structure comprising a plurality of wire segments formed in a loop. Connecting units are provided between the wire segments, each of which is switchable between a conductive state and a reactive state. With the connecting units in the conductive state a loop antenna is formed with a first (longer) signal range and with the connecting units in the reactive state an antenna structure is formed with a second (shorter) signal range. Said reactive state is adapted to introduce a phase delay between the adjacent wire segments. This enables the same antenna to be used for long range signal communication and short range communication, for example for system configuration or commissioning. The antenna structure may be used with luminaires of a lighting system.

Abstract: Compressed closed circuit circularly polarized (CLCP) omni-directional antennas and methods of fabrication are described. Such an antenna reduces the size of conventional circularly polarized antennas while also allowing increased axial ratio. An antenna comprises a plurality of conductive elements at an angle of between 5 and 52 degrees spaced radially around a multi-element feed system. The multi-element feed system may be made from a PCB and fed from a coaxial cable. The plurality of conductive elements may contain between 2 and 8 individual conductive elements. Each element in the plurality of conductive elements is a closed loop. The antenna may be covered by a protective housing which may also further reduce the size of the antenna.

Abstract: An electromagnetic field probe includes one continuous conductor line having terminals at both ends of the one continuous conductor line and including 2N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 3) conductors radially extending from a point near the center of the electromagnetic field probe, the one continuous conductor line being not short-circuited in the middle and being formed by connecting an end portion of a conductor included in the 2N conductors to an end portion of another conductor included in the 2N conductors, and two conductors included in the 2N conductors are disposed at positions at which the two conductors face each other with the point near the center present between the two conductors, and end portions of the two conductors close to the point near the center are connected to each other.

Abstract: A probe antenna, a probing system, and a power density measuring method to measure a power density of a near-field electromagnetic field are disposed. The probe antenna includes a board, and a conductor transmitting line formed on the board, having a constant line width, and formed in a polygonal shape or in a closed-curve shape. The conductor transmitting line is divided into a first transmitting line and a second transmitting line that are separated from each other, and includes a first receiving port formed with one end of the first transmitting line and one end of the second transmitting line and a second receiving port formed with another end of the first transmitting line and another end of the second transmitting line.

Abstract: A wireless power receiving device includes a first resonance circuit configured to have a first resonance frequency; a second resonance circuit configured to have a second resonance frequency lower than the first resonance frequency; and a rectifying circuit connected to the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit without a switch and configured to rectify power received through the first resonance circuit and the second resonance circuit.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a multi-mode antenna are described. The antenna is preferably constructed having a first inductor coil and a second inductor coil. A plurality of shielding materials are positioned throughout the antenna to minimize interference of the magnetic fields that emanate from the coils from surrounding materials. The antenna comprises a coil control circuit having at least one of an electric filter and an electrical switch configured to modify the electrical impedance of either or both the first and second coils.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes a first radiation area, a phase adjustment area and a second radiation area. The first radiation area is disposed opposite to the second radiation area. The first radiation area is connected to one end of the phase adjustment area. The other end of the phase adjustment area is connected to the second radiation area. The first radiation area includes a feeding point of the antenna apparatus. The second radiation area includes a ground point of the antenna apparatus. The phase adjustment area is used to adjust a phase of a signal fed by the feeding point, to change a direction of a space electromagnetic field formed by an electromagnetic signal radiated by each of the first radiation area and the second radiation area.

Abstract: A switchable patch antenna comprises a planar conductor having an aperture (hole) formed in the middle of the planar conductor. Radiation of a sinusoidal signal is controlled by comparison of separate impedance values for two components that have separate impedance values. Each of the two components have one end coupled together at the terminal positioned at a center of the aperture and their other ends separately coupled to opposing edges of the aperture. A sinusoidal signal source is also coupled to the terminal positioned at the aperture's center. Further, when the impedance values of both components are substantially equivalent, radiation by the antenna of the provided signal and/or mutual coupling of other signals is disabled. Also, when an impedance value of one of the two components is substantially greater than the other impedance value of the other component, the provided signal is radiated and/or mutual coupling is enabled.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus includes a transmitting antenna; and a receiving antenna that receives a wireless signal transmitted from the transmitting antenna. Each of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna includes a plurality of circular loop antennas arranged concentrically in an identical plane, each of the plurality of circular loop antennas having a loop perimeter approximately equal to an integer multiple of one wavelength determined from a frequency in a wireless communication; and a plurality of feeding sections individually connected with the plurality of circular loop antennas. A central axis of the plurality of circular loop antennas of the transmitting antenna and a central axis of the plurality of circular loop antennas of the receiving antenna are arranged approximately on a straight line. Thus, a wireless signal is transmitted between the circular loop antennas having a loop perimeter of a transmitting side and a receiving side.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a multi-mode antenna are described. The antenna is preferably constructed having a first inductor coil and a second inductor coil. A plurality of shielding materials are positioned throughout the antenna to minimize interference of the magnetic fields that emanate from the coils from surrounding materials. The antenna comprises a coil control circuit having at least one of an electric filter and an electrical switch configured to modify the electrical impedance of either or both the first and second coils.

Abstract: An RFID antenna comprises two or more electroconductive sheets of uniform planar size, being parallel and aligned, with a space therein between. Each electroconductive sheet comprises: a feed connection point, which receives an electrical current from a feed to supply current to the electroconductive sheet; and a return connection point, opposite and parallel to the feed connection point of the electroconductive sheet, which acquires current from the electroconductive sheet and transfers current to a return. The electrical circuit pathway created from the feed to the return is equal distance for each electroconductive sheet. The two electroconductive sheets are connected together to complete a circuit that causes direction of electrical flow in the one electroconductive sheet to be opposite to direction of electric flow in the other electroconductive sheet.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a first antenna section, a first housing section, a second antenna section, and a second housing section. The first antenna section includes a first antenna coil portion, and a first magnetic band disposed on the first antenna coil portion. The first housing section is configured to receive the first antenna coil portion and the first magnetic band. The second antenna section includes a second antenna coil portion, and a second magnetic band disposed on the second antenna coil portion. The second housing section is configured to receive the second antenna coil portion and the second magnetic band.

Abstract: An orthogonally polarized Yagi-like MIMO antenna system and a triangular printed wideband Yagi based MIMO antenna system, respectively, and methods for making the antennas. The orthogonally polarized Yagi-like MIMO antenna system includes two slot round loop elements on a top side of a substrate. Each slot round loop element has two input ports and two slot reflectors. For each slot round loop element, one of the two input ports is placed orthogonally to the other input port, and one of the two slot reflectors is placed orthogonally to the other slot reflector. The triangular printed wideband Yagi based MIMO antenna system includes three round loop elements on a top side of a substrate and a circular reflector on a bottom side of the substrate. Each of the three round loop elements is placed at 120° with respect to other two round loop elements and has three parasitic directors.

Abstract: Wireless power may be transferred between systems that are magnetically coupled in reactive near-field proximity. A magnetic field between a first antenna and a second antenna are coupled. The first and second antenna are (i) resonant at an operating frequency, and (ii) located within reactive near-field proximity. The reactive near field proximity represents a region that is less than a distance of 0.159 of the free space wavelength for the operating frequency. The wireless power provides a receiving system with a threshold amount of wireless inductive power exceeding 1 watt. Each of the first and second antennas have a spherical volume with a diameter less than 1/20 of the free space wavelength of the operating frequency and the energy dissipated to far-field radiation, per cycle, due to circulating currents from the first antenna is less than ½ the peak energy stored in the magnetic field.

Abstract: Various embodiments of a multi-mode antenna are described. The antenna is preferably constructed having a first inductor coil and a second inductor coil. A plurality of shielding materials are positioned throughout the antenna to minimize interference of the magnetic fields that emanate from the coils from surrounding materials. The antenna comprises a coil control circuit having at least one of an electric filter and an electrical switch configured to modify the electrical impedance of either or both the first and second coils.

Abstract: Circular loop antenna elements of each of a transmitting antenna 100 and a receiving antenna 200 have different perimeters of approximately integral multiples of a wavelength determined from a wireless communication frequency. The transmitting antenna 100 and the receiving antenna 200 include first circular loop antenna groups 100A and 200A concentrically disposed on the same plane and second circular loop antenna groups 100B and 200B including circular loop antenna elements of the same perimeter as that of a plurality of circular loop antenna elements of the first circular loop antenna group. An angular position of a terminal for connecting power supply units to circular loop antenna elements having the same perimeter is set to an angular position rotated by (2l+1)?/2mi (where l is any integer, and mi is a value of m1 to mN that are approximately integral multiples of a wavelength) in the first and second circular loop antenna groups.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a ground plane having an edge side, a monopole antenna element that communicates in a first frequency, and that has a first feeding point, a first line that extends from the first feeding point in a direction away from the edge side of the ground plane, and a second line that is coupled to the first line and extends along the edge side, a plurality of dipole feeding elements that communicate at a second frequency higher than the first frequency, and are disposed, with respect to the ground plane, in positions that match the positions of the second line with respect to the ground plane, and a plurality of reflectors that reflect electromagnetic waves radiated by the plurality of feeding elements, and are disposed respectively in correspondence to the plurality of feeding elements between the ground plane and the plurality of feeding elements.

Abstract: Systems and methods for efficient coupling to low-loss eigenmodes of a spherical waveguide bounded by the Earth's surface and its ionosphere from multiple locations within the waveguide are disclosed. One or more eigenmodes of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide may be computed based on a mathematical model incorporating electrical properties of the terrestrial surface and plasma physics of the ionospheric layer. Multiple wave guide couplers, each including an array of electrically-connected waveguide-coupling elements, may be configured at different geographic locations for coupling to the one or more eigenmodes. By adjusting relative phases and/or amplitudes of the waveguide couplers, as well as frequencies, power may be coupled into standing waves of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. The adjustments may also account or compensate for diurnal variations of ionosphere by steering power nodes and nulls of the standing waves away from regions of potential ohmic losses.

Abstract: An antenna device includes a ground plane, and an antenna element formed on a first surface of the ground plane, the antenna element including a feed point, a first line extending from the feed point to a first end in a direction away from the first surface, a second line extending along the first surface of the ground plane from the first end of the first line to a second end, and a third line extending along the first surface of the ground plane from the second end of the second line to a third end in a direction different in plan view from an extending direction of the second line.

Abstract: An inner module assembly formed by a metal tape is installed primarily inside a wireless earphone. The inner module assembly includes a circuit loop having a first circuit board and a second circuit board, with the circuit loop being formed with plural junctions; a first metal tape which fixes the second circuit board and includes a first extension section extending to the outside of the second circuit board and having a first cut-off face; and an insulation seat which is formed on the first circuit board to enclose the circuit loop and the first metal tape, with part of the junctions and the first cut-off face being exposed on a surface of the insulation seat. Therefore, the inner module assembly is formed into a modularized design to simplify the assembly procedure of the wireless earphone.

Abstract: An electromagnetic vector sensor (EMVS) system, having a plurality of EMVS devices consisting of a plurality of loop antenna elements spatially orthogonally integrated with and electrically isolated from a plurality of dipole antenna elements, mounted on a rotatably adjustable platform having a true north orientation, including active circuitry residing in antenna housings, and external executing software programs causing the active circuitry in cooperation with the EMVS device and receivers to determine angle of arrival and resolution of incoming wave vectors and polarization of incoming signals and to perform accurate high frequency geolocation signal processing; the programs which perform calibration and antenna element placement determination operations, also cause the system to collect data of known transmitted high frequency skywave signals, and estimate direction of arrival of unknown signals by detecting, resolving and measuring components of an electric field and a magnetic field at a single point.

Abstract: An antenna device includes: a first loop antenna including a first end portion and a second end portion that are fed, and having a first length corresponding to N times a wavelength at a communication frequency; a second loop antenna having a second length corresponding to N times the wavelength; a first connecting conductor configured to couple the first loop antenna and the second loop antenna to each other at a first position of a third length corresponding to M times a quarter wavelength at the communication frequency from the first end portion of the first loop antenna; and a second connecting conductor configured to couple the first loop antenna and the second loop antenna to each other at a second position of the third length from the second end portion of the first loop antenna and different from the first position.

Abstract: A loop antenna array capable of forming a clear boundary of a communication area is provided. The loop antenna array includes three loop antennas, in which a direction of a current flowing through the loop antenna arranged in the middle and a direction of a current flowing through each of the loop antennas arranged on both sides of the loop antenna arranged in the middle are opposite from each other, and the sum of magnetic moments of the three loop antennas is zero.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments for exciting a guided surface waveguide probe to create a plurality of resultant fields that are substantially mode-matched to a Zenneck surface wave mode of a surface of a lossy conducting medium.

Abstract: A ferrite antenna is disclosed. The ferrite antenna includes a ferrite core a first main face, a second main face opposite to the first main face, and side faces connecting the first and second main faces. A first plurality of conductor wires are disposed at the first main face of the ferrite core; a second plurality of conductor wires disposed at the second main face of the ferrite core. A first connection member is disposed at a first side face of the ferrite core, the first connection member including a first plurality of connection wires; and a second connection member is disposed at a second side face of the ferrite core, the second connection member including a second plurality of connection wires; wherein the first and second pluralities of conductor wires and the first and second plurality of connection wires are interconnected in such a way that they form an antenna coil, wherein the ferrite core is disposed in the interior space of the antenna coil.