Abstract: Frequency-dependent changes in beam shapes of transmitted RF signals can be provided to a receiving device. Beam shape information can include, for example, gain of a beam and a plurality of azimuth and elevation directions, boresight and width of a main lobe (and optionally side lobes) of the beam, information regarding a pattern of antenna elements of an antenna panel used to transmit the beam, and/or similar information. The type of information provided can dictate the amount of overhead required, and we therefore vary depending on the means by which the information is conveyed. Additional detail is provided in the embodiments described herein.

Abstract: A reactance cancelling radio frequency (RF) circuit array is disclosed. The reactance cancelling RF circuit array includes multiple RF circuits each coupled to one or two adjacent RF circuits by one or two pairs of coupling mediums each having a respective length less than one-quarter wavelength. In one aspect, an RF input signal is first split across the RF circuits and then combined to form an RF output signal. As a result, each RF circuit requires a lower power handling capability to process a portion of the RF input signal. In another aspect, each pair of the coupling mediums can cause reactance cancellation in each reactance-cancelling pair of the RF circuits. By coupling the RF circuits via the coupling mediums and enabling splitting-combining among the RF circuits, it is possible to miniaturize the reactance cancelling RF circuit array for improved performance across a wide frequency spectrum.

Abstract: Various embodiments are directed to an ear-worn electronic device configured to be worn by a wearer. The device comprises an enclosure configured to be supported by or in an ear of the wearer. Electronic circuitry is disposed in the enclosure and comprises a wireless transceiver. An antenna is situated in or on the enclosure and coupled to the wireless transceiver. The antenna comprises a first antenna element, a second antenna element, and a strap comprising a reactive component connected to the first and second antenna elements.

Abstract: A multi-layer conductor device is disclosed comprising two or more conductors used in an antenna for a more durable radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag. The conductors interconnect electrically, but are separated mechanically, so a failure in one conductor will not necessarily cause a failure in the other conductor. And, if the failure occurs at different locations on the antenna, the current path through the antenna will bridge the break.

Abstract: A self-tuning RFID device having an input capacitance that is adjustable in response to a detected signal. The self-tuning RFID device preferably comprises a variable capacitance RFID chip coupled to an inductor, and an input circuit driven by the detected signal from the variable capacitance RFID chip. A change in capacitance with the detected signal is delayed by a specific amount of time, thereby allowing the self-tuning RFID device to function as a dual mode EAS and RFID tag. The ESA functionality can be deactivated by a high field at or near its resonance frequency without disabling the RFID functionality. The effect of the high field may change the input capacitance permanently changing its resonance.

Abstract: An improved architecture for a radio frequency (RF) power amplifier, impedance matching network, and selector switch. One aspect of embodiments of the invention is splitting the functionality of a final stage impedance matching network (IMN) into two parts, comprising a base set of off-chip IMN components and an on-chip IMN tuning component. The on-chip IMN tuning component may be a digitally tunable capacitor (DTC). In one embodiment, an integrated circuit having a power amplifier, an on-chip IMN tuner, and a selector switch is configured to be coupled to an off-chip set of IMN components. In another embodiment, an integrated circuit having an on-chip IMN tuner and a selector switch is configured to be coupled through an off-chip set of IMN components to a separate integrated circuit having an RF power amplifier.

Abstract: An antenna system includes: a radiating element; a feed coupled to the radiating element at a first point on the radiating element and configured to convey energy to the radiating element; and a radiation-adjustment device coupled to the radiating element at a second point, configured to alter a radiation characteristic of the radiating element, and including: coarse-adjustment elements; an integrated-circuit chip including: switches, each coupled to a respective one of the coarse-adjustment elements where the coarse-adjustment elements are disposed external to the integrated-circuit chip; and a fine-adjustment circuit; the antenna system further including a controller communicatively coupled to the switches and to the fine-adjustment circuit, the controller configured to alter the radiation characteristic of the radiating element by selectively causing one or more of the switches to couple one or more of the coarse-adjustment elements to the radiating element, and by adjusting a value of the fine-adjustment

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of managing an output power delivered by an antenna of a NFC apparatus includes: providing a matching circuit with a first tuning capacitive network coupled in series between a NFC controller and the antenna and with a second tuning capacitive network coupled to the NFC controller and the antenna and to a reference terminal, wherein the first or second tuning capacitive network has a variable capacitive value; determining tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive networks to adjust a delivered output power at a desired level; and setting the tuning capacitive values of the first tuning capacitive network to the tuning capacitive values.

Abstract: Various antenna designs are presented that can be used to provide for wireless communication in electronic devices, such as wearable electronic devices. Various embodiments provide antenna structures and designs that can support multiple frequency bands in a relatively compact space. Various embodiments utilize a slot and patch antenna design to support multiple frequency bands. Other embodiments utilize a slot and inverted “F” antenna (IFA) assembly, hybrid slot antenna assembly, or external slot antenna assembly. A split ring antenna assembly can also be used, where individual segments of the ring antenna can support specific frequency bands. Other embodiments utilize a dielectrically loaded planar inverted “F” antenna (PIFA) assembly to support various frequency bands.

Abstract: A wireless communication device is provided. The wireless communication device comprises a circuit board, a key module and a sensing module. The key module is electrically connected with at least one key through the circuit board. The sensing module is electrically connected with the circuit board, wherein the circuit board is taken as an induction conductor of the sensing module. Therefore, according to the wireless communication device disclosed by the disclosure, the functions of the key module, the sensing module and an antenna module are integrated on a same component, so that the component has three-in-one functions, and the efficiency of an antenna is further enhanced.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a third radiation element, a fourth radiation element, a fifth radiation element, and a dielectric substrate. The first radiation element and the third radiation element are coupled to a signal source. The second radiation element is coupled to a ground voltage. The second radiation element is adjacent to the first radiation element. The first radiation element, the second radiation element, and the third radiation element substantially extend in the same direction. The fourth radiation element is coupled to the ground voltage. The fourth radiation element is between the first radiation element and the second radiation element. The fifth radiation element is coupled to the ground voltage. An antenna structure is formed by the first radiation element, the second radiation element, the third radiation element, the fourth radiation element, the fifth radiation element, and the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: An antenna device includes first and second radiating elements, a first coil coupled to the first radiating element or a feeding circuit, and a second coil coupled to the second radiating element and coupled to the first coil via an electromagnetic field. The first and second radiating elements are coupled to each other via an electric field. At a resonant frequency defined by the antenna coupling element and the second radiating element, the absolute value of the phase difference between a current flowing into the second radiating element due to the electromagnetic field of the first coil and the second coil and a current flowing into the second radiating element due to the electric field is equal to or less than about 90 degrees.

Abstract: An impedance matching device comprises a variable capacitor including multiple capacitance elements and connected in parallel having capacitors and each having one end connected in series to a high-frequency power source and semiconductor switches and connected to the respective capacitors, and a control unit. The control unit derives a reflection coefficient based on the obtained information concerning an impedance viewed from the high-frequency power source toward the load side, updates the states of the respective semiconductor switches and included in the multiple capacitance elements and with a first cycle in the case where the reflection coefficient is equal to or more than a predetermined value, and updates the states of the respective semiconductor switches and included in the plurality of capacitance elements and with a second cycle longer than the first cycle in the case where the reflection coefficient is less than the predetermined value.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to an autoencoder assisted radar for target identification. The radar includes an Intelligent Metamaterial (“iMTM”) antenna module to radiate a transmission signal with an iMTM antenna structure and generate radar data capturing a surrounding environment, a data pre-processing module having an autoencoder to encode the radar data into an information-dense representation, and an iMTM perception module to detect and identify a target in the surrounding environment based on the information-dense representation and to control the iMTM antenna module. An autoencoder for assisting a radar system and a method for identifying a target with an autoencoder assisted radar in a surrounding environment are also disclosed herein.

Abstract: A multi-mode antenna system include at least a first modal antenna and a second modal antenna. The first modal antenna is disposed on a ground plane of a circuit board and configurable in a plurality of different modes. The first modal antenna can include a driven element, at least one parasitic element and an active element configured to adjust a reactance of the at least one parasitic element. The multi-mode antenna system further includes a second modal antenna disposed on the ground plane and configurable in a plurality of different modes. The second modal antenna can include a driven element, at least one parasitic element, and an active element configured to adjust a reactance of the at least one parasitic element. The parasitic element of the second modal antenna is positioned such that adjusting the reactance of the parasitic element affects the radiation pattern associated with the first modal antenna.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided that includes a first antenna element that includes a first portion of a housing, and a second antenna element that include a second portion of the housing that is different from the first portion of the housing. The electronic device also includes a memory that stores feed conditions, each for applying a current to one of the first antenna element and the second antenna element. A tuner of the electronic device is controlled such that a first current flows to one of the first antenna element and the second antenna element, based on a first feed condition of the stored feed conditions, and a processor of the electronic device transmits or receives a signal in a specified frequency band based on an electrical path formed through the tuner.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a radio frequency (RF) antenna circuit; an antenna aperture tuning circuit; an antenna impedance measurement circuit; and a processor circuit electrically coupled to the tunable antenna aperture circuit and the impedance measurement circuit. The processor circuit is configured to: set the antenna aperture tuning circuit to an antenna aperture tuning state according to one or more parameters of an RF communication network; initiate an antenna impedance measurement; and change the antenna aperture tuning state to an antenna aperture tuning state indicated by the antenna impedance.

Abstract: An example device includes a substrate and first and second antennas disposed on the substrate. The first antenna includes a first feed arm to connect to a circuit and a pair of extended arms extending in opposite directions from the first feed arm. The first antenna is co-located with a secondary antenna area. The secondary antenna area is bounded by the first feed arm and by a first extended arm of the pair of extended arms. The secondary antenna area is further to be bounded by a display and by an outer edge of the substrate. The second antenna is disposed within the secondary antenna area and includes a second feed arm to connect to the circuit. The second antenna further includes a coupled arm distant from the second feed arm, the coupled arm positioned between the second feed arm and the first feed arm of the first antenna.

Abstract: Reconfigurable antenna systems integrated with a metal case are provided herein. In certain embodiments, user equipment (UE) for a cellular network includes a metal case and an antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving wireless signals. The antenna system includes an antenna element and a tuning conductor that is spaced apart from the antenna element and operable to load the antenna element. At least one of the antenna element or the tuning conductor is formed in the metal case. For example, a plasma process can be used to create transparent electromagnetic windows at a given frequency while shielding underlying components from spurious signals at other frequencies. Such plasma shielding processes can be used to turn conductive regions of the metal case into non-conductive metal oxide, thereby providing a mechanism for electrical isolation between various regions of the metal case.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is provided for an electronic device. The electronic device has a housing, which includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion is electrically conductive, and the second portion is non-conductive. The antenna assembly includes an antenna cavity, at least two antennas located in the antenna cavity, and at least one isolation structure. The antennas are used for radiating energy, the isolation structure is disposed between the two antennas and connected to the two antennas, and the isolation structure isolates induced currents of the two antennas to reduce interference at a same frequency or from adjacent frequency channels between the two antennas.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a ground element, a feeding radiation element, a first radiation element, and a second radiation element. The feeding radiation element is coupled to a signal source. The first radiation element is coupled to the ground element. The first radiation element is adjacent to the feeding radiation element. The feeding radiation element is coupled through the second radiation element to the ground element. A first loop structure is formed by the feeding radiation element, the first radiation element, and the ground element. A second loop structure is formed by the feeding radiation element, the second radiation element, and the ground element. The second loop structure includes neither any branching portion nor any protruding portion.

Abstract: A power charging system is provided. The power charging system may have an information processing apparatus having a first communication unit and a power receiving unit, and an external apparatus having a second communication unit and a power transmission unit. The second communication unit may be configured to wirelessly communicate with the first communication unit using a first carrier wave having a first frequency and the power transmission unit may be configured to wirelessly transmit power to the power receiving unit using a second carrier wave having a second frequency, the second frequency being different from the first frequency.

Abstract: A communication device, method, and computer program product provide an antenna subsystem including a first antenna positioned proximate to a second antenna. A radio frequency (RF) frontend includes a transmitter, a receiver, and an antenna tuning module coupled to the antenna(s). A controller is communicatively coupled to the RF frontend and a memory containing a proximal antenna association tuning (PAAT) application. The controller executes the PAAT application to enable the communication device to: (i) transmit a reference signal by the transmitter using the first antenna of the more than one antenna; (ii) measure an impedance value of the first antenna based on the transmission of the reference signal; (iii) identify a second antenna of the more than one antenna that is proximate to the first antenna; and (iv) tune, via the antenna tuning module, the first and the second antenna based on the impedance value of the first antenna.

Abstract: Provided are an optical modulation device and an apparatus including the same. The optical modulation device may include a plurality of reflectors located on a driving circuit substrate, a plurality of nano-antennas located on the plurality of reflectors, and an active layer located between the plurality of reflectors and the plurality of nano-antennas and patterned to have a plurality of openings. The optical modulation device may further include a plurality of first connection members configured to electrically connect the driving circuit substrate to the plurality of reflectors and a plurality of second connection members configured to electrically connect the driving circuit substrate to the plurality of nano-antennas. The plurality of second connection members may be connected to the plurality of nano-antennas through the plurality of openings.

Abstract: Methods directed to finding algorithms designed to estimate the angle of arrival of signals incoming to a communication device by using a modal antenna having multiple radiation patterns are provided. In particular, a method can include obtaining a gain of the modal antenna at each of a plurality of angles. The method can include obtaining a gain variation at each angle. The method can include obtaining a signal strength variation at each angle. The method can include determining a difference between the gain variation and the signal strength variation at each angle. The method can include determining a difference value based at least in part on the difference between the gain variation and signal strength variation.

Abstract: A planar antenna for digital television, wherein the planar antenna for digital television comprises a substrate, and a low-frequency radiation line and a high-frequency radiation line arranged on the substrate, the length of the low-frequency radiation lines being one quarter of a wavelength corresponding to the VHF frequency band, and the length of the high-frequency radiation lines being one quarter of a wavelength corresponding to the UHF frequency band.

Abstract: A dielectric substrate for a configurable antenna has an upper surface and an opposing lower surface. An upper conductor patch is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate and a lower conductor patch is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate. A sensing antenna is formed in the upper conductor patch. An upper set of slot antennas is formed in the upper conductor patch and a lower set of slot antennas is formed in the lower conductor patch. Each of the slot antennas is loaded with a variable reactance component.

Abstract: A communication device comprises a plurality of antennas, a sensing unit, a plurality of radio frequency circuits, and a sensing module. The sensing unit is electrically connected to the ground through at least one grounding capacitor, and the sensing unit is further configured to isolate and be coupled to each antenna. Each the radio frequency circuit is electrically connected to the corresponding each antenna. The sensing module is electrically connected to the sensing unit through an inductor, wherein the sensing module is used to sense the distance between the sensing unit and an external object by the sensing unit, and the sensing module generates a distance signal according to the distance.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a radio frequency (RF) antenna circuit; an antenna aperture tuning circuit; an antenna impedance measurement circuit; and a processor circuit electrically coupled to the tunable antenna aperture circuit and the impedance measurement circuit. The processor circuit is configured to: set the antenna aperture tuning circuit to an antenna aperture tuning state according to one or more parameters of an RF communication network; initiate an antenna impedance measurement; and change the antenna aperture tuning state to an antenna aperture tuning state indicated by the antenna impedance.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a radio frequency (RF) antenna circuit; an antenna aperture tuning circuit; an antenna impedance measurement circuit; and a processor circuit electrically coupled to the tunable antenna aperture circuit and the impedance measurement circuit. The processor circuit is configured to: set the antenna aperture tuning circuit to an antenna aperture tuning state according to one or more parameters of an RF communication network; initiate an antenna impedance measurement; and change the antenna aperture tuning state to an antenna aperture tuning state indicated by the antenna impedance.

Abstract: An electronically steerable antenna with dual polarization is provided, as well as a method for steering such an antenna. An example antenna may include a driven patch element having dual polarity for radiating or receiving a first beam with a first polarization and radiating or receiving a second beam with a second polarization. The antenna includes a parasitic patch element separated from the driven patch element and in a parasitic coupling arrangement to the driven patch element, as well as first and second tuning elements linked to the parasitic patch element to control first and second terminating impedances of the parasitic patch element, respectively. The first terminating impedance at least partly determines a direction of the first beam, and the second terminating impedance at least partly determines a direction of the second beam.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a radio frequency (RF) antenna circuit; an antenna aperture tuning circuit; an antenna impedance measurement circuit; and a processor circuit electrically coupled to the tunable antenna aperture circuit and the impedance measurement circuit. The processor circuit is configured to: set the antenna aperture tuning circuit to an antenna aperture tuning state according to one or more parameters of an RF communication network; initiate an antenna impedance measurement; and change the antenna aperture tuning state to an antenna aperture tuning state indicated by the antenna impedance.

Abstract: Cage antennas and related components are described. Such cage antennas include a shortened antennal element, such as a monopole (e.g., of approximately ?-wave height of a desired operational wavelength), which can be placed on a shortened ground plane (e.g., roughly quarter-wave size). A cage-like ensemble (e.g., a cage) can then be placed on top of but not touching the antenna element. The cage structure can have a fractal-based, folded, and/or pleated structure, among others. This cage structure can be produced either through a variety of means including but not limited to 3-D printing with either conductive materials or inductively coded materials.

Abstract: The present application discloses a signal transmission method, includes: obtaining, by the detection device, port information and switch information of the at least one antenna line device, and port information and switch information of the antenna; sequentially controlling, by the detection device based on the switch information, at least one switch of the at least one antenna line device to perform state switching, performing port scanning, and recording a scanned port and a corresponding switch state; and determining, by the detection device, a port connection relationship of devices in the radio frequency network based on port and switch state information obtained after a plurality of times of state switching and a plurality of times of port scanning, and the port information. Therefore, the detection device controls switch switching of the devices in the radio frequency network to obtain the port connection relationship of the devices in the radio frequency network.

Abstract: A multiport RF switch assembly with integrated impedance tuning capability is described that provides a single RFIC solution to switch between transmit and receive paths in a communication system. Dynamic tuning is integrated into each switch sub-assembly to provide the capability to impedance match antennas or other components connected to the multiport switch. The tuning function at the switch can be used to shape the antenna response to provide better filtering at the switch/RF front-end (RFFE) interface to allow for reduced filtering requirements in the RFFE. Memory is designed into the multiport switch assembly, allowing for a look-up table or other data to reside with the switch and tuning circuit. The resident memory will result in easier integration of the tunable switch assembly into communication systems.

Abstract: Described herein are architectures, platforms and methods for electrically tuning radiators in a portable device.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a housing that includes a first plate, a second plate, and a side member, the side member including a first conductive portion, a second conductive portion, a third conductive portion, a first insulating portion, and a second insulating portion, a wireless communication circuitry that is electrically connected to a first point of the first conductive portion, wherein the first point is adjacent to the second insulating portion, a ground member that is included in the housing, a first switching circuitry that includes a first terminal electrically connected to a second point of the first conductive portion, which is more distant from the second insulating portion than the first point, and at least one second terminal electrically connected to the ground member through at least one first passive element, and a conductive pattern that is electrically connected to the second point and forms a closed loop.

Abstract: In order to provide an antenna that is small and resonates at a plurality of frequencies, an antenna according to the present invention is provided with: a first conductor of a ring shape, having an air gap; a second conductor arranged inside the ring, with both ends of the second conductor connected to the first conductor, having a first gap; and a third conductor arranged in a region surrounded by a part not including the air gap out of the first conductor, and the second conductor, with both ends connected to the first conductor, having a second gap, and a value obtained by multiplying a length of an outer periphery of a region surrounded by a part including the air gap out of the first conductor, and the third conductor, by capacitance of the air gap is different from a value obtained by multiplying a length of an outer periphery of a region surrounded by the second conductor, the third conductor, and the first conductor, by capacitance of the first gap.

Abstract: A low-frequency antenna module includes two switching units, a first matching circuit, a second matching circuit, and a low-frequency antenna. Each of the two switching units includes an electrical connection point, a first switching point, and a second switching point. The first matching circuit is electrically connected to the two first switching points, the second matching circuit is electrically connected to the two second switching points, and the low-frequency antenna is electrically connected to one of the two electrical connection points. The two switching units are synchronously operated to electrically connect the two electrical connection points to the two first switching points or to the two second switching points. Thus, the low-frequency antenna can be applied to match the first matching circuit in a first low-frequency band or the second matching circuit in a second low-frequency band different from the first low-frequency band.

Abstract: A mobile device including a ground plane, a grounding branch, wherein a slot is formed between the ground plane and the grounding branch, a connecting element, wherein the grounding branch is electrically coupled through the connecting element to the ground plane and a feeding element, extending across the slot, and electrically coupled between the grounding branch and a signal source, wherein an antenna structure is formed by the grounding branch and the feeding element.

Abstract: A waveguide device according to an embodiment includes an electrically conductive member having an electrically conductive surface, a waveguide member extending so as to face along the electrically conductive surface, and stretches of artificial magnetic conductor on both sides of the waveguide member. The waveguide member includes a first portion extending in one direction, and at least two branches extending in mutually different directions from one end of the first portion, the at least two branches including a second portion and a third portion. The second portion has a recess in a side face that connects to one side face of the first portion, the recess reaching the waveguide face.

Abstract: A memristor element is used to create a spectrally programmable optical device. An electromagnetic field is applied across the memristor element in order to alter its spectral properties. In turn, the spectral properties of the electromagnetic radiation optically interacting with the memristor element are also altered. This alteration in spectral properties allows the memristor to be “programmed” to achieve a variety of transmission/reflection/absorption functions.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method a provided. The electronic device includes a first surface, a second surface opposite to the first surface, and a side surface that surrounds at least part of a space between the first and second surfaces; a Radio Frequency (RF) communication circuit; an antenna radiator that forms at least part of at least one of the first surface, the second surface, and the side surface and is connected to the RF communication circuit; a sensor that detects whether an external object contacts the antenna radiator; a switching circuit connected to the antenna radiator and the sensor; and a processor configured to receive a first value from the sensor when the antenna radiator and the sensor are connected to each other and to receive a second value from the sensor when the antenna radiator and the sensor are separated from each other.

Abstract: An RFID system in which at least one of the RFID tag antenna and the RFID reader antenna has an impedance matching network associated therewith in order to better match the impedances of the two antennas. This impedance matching places the antennas into an over-coupled regime once they are within a reasonable distance of each other (e.g., 2 to 50 mm). It also increases the Q-factor of the improved antenna, which can greatly increase the range at which the RFID reader can read the RFID tag. This improved RFID system may be used in any of a variety of application, including operating a door lock mechanism.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing including a first face, a second face, and a side face that at least partially encloses a space between the first face and the second face, a conductive member configured to form at least a portion of the side face, a ground member, at least one communication circuit, and a conductive pattern positioned within the housing, the conductive pattern electrically connected to the communication circuit and the ground member, a first electric path positioned within the housing, and configured to electrically interconnect another end of the conductive member and the communication circuit, a second electric path configured to electrically interconnect the first electric path or the conductive member and the ground member, and a third electric path configured to electrically interconnect the first electric path or the conductive member and the ground member, and including a switching circuit.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with control signal generation circuitry that generates a differential pair of control signals, power supply circuitry that generates a bias voltage, and an antenna having a tuning circuit. First switching circuitry may be coupled to the power supply circuitry and the control signal generation circuitry. Second switching circuitry may be coupled to the tuning circuit. A pair of control lines may be coupled between the first and second switching circuitry. In a first switching mode, the power supply circuitry may transmit the bias voltage to the tuning circuit over one of the control lines. The bias voltage may charge storage circuitry coupled to the tuning circuit. In a second switching mode, the control signal generation circuitry may transmit the differential pair of control signals to the tuning circuit. The tuning circuit may be powered by the storage circuitry in the second switching mode.

Abstract: A FET-based RF switch architecture and method that provides for independent control of FETs within component branches of a switching circuit. With independent control of branch FETs, every RF FET in an inactive branch that is in an “open” (capacitive) state can be shunted to RF ground and thus mitigate impedance mismatch effects. Providing a sufficiently low impedance to RF ground diminishes such negative effects and reduces the sensitivity of the switch circuit to non-matched impedances.

Abstract: A PCB (Printed Circuit Board) structure at least includes a power layer. The power layer includes a first power shape and a plurality of ground elements. The first power shape is surrounded by the ground elements. The distance between any two adjacent ground elements is shorter than 0.1 wavelength of a predetermined frequency, so as to reduce electromagnetic noise radiation at the predetermined frequency.

Abstract: An antenna equipment includes an antenna and a board on which the antenna is disposed, and includes an area that is disposed on the board and that is not covered by a metal layer. A first edge of the board is a longer edge of the board in two edges of the board that are close to the antenna, a point that is on the first edge and whose distance with a current maximum point on the first edge is ?/4 is a first point, the current maximum point is on the first edge and that is closest to a feed point of the antenna, and ? is an operating wavelength of the antenna. The area that is not covered by a metal layer includes the first point, and a maximum distance from an edge of the area to the first edge of the board is ?/4.

Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, a method for electrically coupling a first lower frequency radiator of a first antenna to a first upper frequency radiator of a second antenna via a shared first port, electrically coupling a second lower frequency radiator of the first antenna to a second upper frequency radiator of the second antenna via a shared second port, suppressing, at least in part, with at least one first filter, first signals of the first lower frequency radiator from entering the first upper frequency radiator, second signals of the first upper frequency radiator from entering the first lower frequency radiator, or both, and suppressing, at least in part, with at least one second filter, third signals of the second lower frequency radiator from entering the second upper frequency radiator, fourth signals of the second upper frequency radiator from entering the second lower frequency radiator, or both. Other embodiments are disclosed.