Abstract: An ultra wide band antenna includes a ground plane and an antenna body. The antenna body includes a planar portion arranged above and parallel to the ground plane. A first tapered portion extends in a perpendicular direction from a first edge of the planar portion towards the ground plane. A lower edge of the first tapered portion is spaced from the ground plane by a predetermined gap. A second tapered portion extends in a perpendicular direction from a second edge of the planar portion towards the ground plane and includes a first portion that is connected to the ground plane.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for an antenna positioning apparatus, which includes a multiple-assembly positioner for adjusting a positioning angle about a positioning axis. The multiple-assembly positioner has two or more positioning assemblies that are coupled in series between a base structure and a positioning structure. Positioning assemblies can be individually selected based on various criteria, such as cost, complexity, angular range, and other performance, and be configured to work together to provide a desired range of adjustment to the positioning angle while simultaneously meeting precision requirements. In one example, a positioning assembly can include a shaft with an eccentric portion, which is rotated in order to provide the adjustment. A method is described where a first positioning assembly can be actuated to a first initial position, and then held, such that a second positioning assembly can be actuated to provide a selected antenna positioning angle.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a kit-less pick and place handler which conducts thermal testing of at least one device. An exemplary handler includes a thermal soak plate, a first prime mover, a second prime mover, a test site actuator, and a test contactor. The thermal soak plate can receive devices and maintain an accurate position of the devices using a friction between the thermal soak plate and the device. The test contactor can electrically contact the device. The first prime mover can place the device on the thermal soak plate. The second prime mover can carry the device to the test contactor, hold the device during thermal testing, and move the device from the test contactor. The test site actuator can exert force on the second prime mover during thermal testing.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for a kit-less pick and place handler which conducts thermal testing of at least one device. An exemplary handler includes a thermal soak plate, a first prime mover, a second prime mover, a test site actuator, and a test contactor. The thermal soak plate can receive devices and maintain an accurate position of the devices using a friction between the thermal soak plate and the device. The test contactor can electrically contact the device. The first prime mover can place the device on the thermal soak plate. The second prime mover can carry the device to the test contactor, hold the device during thermal testing, and move the device from the test contactor. The test site actuator can exert force on the second prime mover during thermal testing.

Abstract: A distribution station includes a mobile trailer, a pump on the mobile trailer, at least one manifold on the mobile trailer and fluidly connected with the pump, and a plurality of reels on the mobile trailer. A plurality of hoses are connected with different ones of the reels. A plurality of valves on the mobile trailer are situated between the manifold and respective different ones of the reels. A plurality of fluid level sensors are associated with different ones of the hoses. A controller is configured to individually open and close the valves responsive to the fluid level sensors, and a satellite dish is mounted on the mobile trailer. The satellite dish is moveable between a stowed position and a deployed position.

Abstract: A method (400) for positioning a first and a second radio antenna comprising the steps of configuring (SI) the first antenna to have a main lobe L1 and configuring (52) the second antenna to be a directive antenna having a main lobe L2. The method also comprising the steps of transmitting (S3) a first alignment signal from the first antenna to the second antenna and positioning (S4) the second antenna based on the received first alignment signal, as well as reconfiguring (S5) the first antenna to be a directive antenna having an antenna main lobe L3, the antenna main lobe L3 having a more narrow main lobe width than the antenna main lobe L1. The method provides a systematic approach to finding optimum antenna positions and corresponding main lobe directions which is especially suited for aligning directive radio antennas in NLOS communication scenarios.

Abstract: Systems, methods, devices and apparatus are disclosed that include a chassis mount adapted to be attached to a vehicle and an antenna mount adapted to receive a satellite antenna. Further, the systems, methods, devices and apparatus that include a gyroscopic stabilizer attached to the antenna mount configured to convert vibrational torque applied to the antenna mount into a linear displacement of the antenna mount using one or more gyroscopes, each gyroscope having a control moment. In addition, the systems, methods, devices and apparatus that include a linear displacement spring attachment device connecting the antenna mount to the chassis mount and configured to provide a restoring force in opposition to the linear displacement.

Abstract: A method of radiometric image generation is provided using a series of isochronous revolutions of a multi-beam antenna with a dispersion characteristic. The antenna is combined with a multi-channel receiver with frequency channel separation to form an imaging unit. The method comprising cyclically executing the following phases: two separate calibration phase; using first and second standards; external radiation reception phase; data processing phase and data transformation phase.

Abstract: A communication terminal device includes a printed wiring board disposed in a casing, a feed pattern provided on a main surface of the printed wiring board, a radiation plate including a substantially planar radiation portion substantially perpendicular to the main surface of the printed wiring board and a lead portion connecting the radiation portion to the feed pattern, and a component mounted on the main surface of the printed wiring board to overlap the lead portion when the main surface of the printed wiring board is viewed from above, the component including a conductive material, a magnetic material and/or a dielectric material. The radiation portion is connected to the lead portion at a side spaced away from the main surface of the printed wiring board, and an area of the lead portion is located at a predetermined distance from the main surface of the printed wiring board.

Abstract: A system for transmitting radio frequency includes antenna elements configured to transmit radio frequency beams including a horizontal beam widths and vertical beam widths. The antenna elements are positioned to transmit radio frequency in directions to cover areas independent of each other. The system includes a port operatively coupled to the antenna elements to transmit power to the antenna elements to cause the antenna elements to transmit radio frequency in the respective directions. The antenna elements and the port form a distributed antenna system.

Abstract: Implementations for exciting two or more modes via modal decomposition of a pulse by a wave launcher are generally disclosed.

Abstract: An integral high frequency communication apparatus comprises a case, a waveguide apparatus having an extension portion, and a circuit board having a signal transmitting unit and a signal receiving unit. The transceiver module having two waveguide openings is retained in the case. The case has an opening through which the extension portion extends outside of the case. The integral high frequency communication apparatus can receive and transmit high frequency signals by the extension portion.

Abstract: An antenna device is provided. The antenna device includes a radiator for radiating an electromagnetic wave, and a dielectric body arranged on an electromagnetic wave radiating side of the radiator, and having a plurality of dielectric members arrayed in a longitudinal direction of the radiator, wherein boundaries between the plurality of adjacent dielectric members are asymmetric with respect to a virtual line perpendicularly passing through the center of the dielectric body in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: An antenna is provided that is configured to implement a combined radar and radiometric imaging method. The antenna comprises: a bearing device on which is rigidly mounted: rotating waveguide adapter which provides the output for the antenna; an electromechanical drive, the output shaft of which is defined as the main axis of rotation for the antenna and a position sensor. The antenna further comprises an antenna rotor, the rotation of which is configured to be controlled by the output shaft of the electromechanical drive of the bearing device. The antenna rotor comprises: at least one 2D diffraction grating; planar dielectric waveguide connected over a diffraction field to the 2D diffraction grating; a linear waveguide turn; and a feed adapter.

Abstract: Methods and systems for controlling power for a power amplifier utilizing a leaky wave antenna (LWA) are disclosed and may include configuring one or more power amplifiers (PAs) in a wireless device at a desired output power level. The PAs may be coupled to feed points on the LWAs that may exhibit an input impedance corresponding to an output impedance of the PAs. RF signals may be transmitted utilizing the LWAs. A resonant frequency of the LWAs may be configured utilizing micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) deflection. The LWAs may be configured to transmit the RF signals in a desired direction. The LWAs may comprise microstrip or coplanar waveguides, wherein a cavity height of the LWAs is dependent on spacing between conductive lines in the waveguides. The input impedances of the feed points may be dependent on a position of the feed points in the cavities.

Abstract: A flat scanning antenna comprises at least one slotted waveguide array comprising two dielectric substrates, one superposed above the other. The two substrates comprise the same number of waveguides, which are in mutual correspondence and communicate between them, pairwise, via corresponding coupling slots. Each waveguide of the upper substrate further includes a plurality of radiating slots, all the radiating slots being mutually parallel and oriented in the same direction and each waveguide of the lower substrate includes an individual internal supply circuit comprising an individual phase-shift/amplification electronic circuit.

Abstract: An antenna device vertically rotatable and horizontally rotatable is provided, which has a configuration in which waveguides are effectively disposed. An antenna device includes an antenna, a vertically rotating, and a rotary joint. The antenna is vertically rotatable and horizontally rotatable, and outwardly radiates a radio wave. The vertically rotating is disposed such that a longitudinal direction thereof is along an axial line of the vertical rotation and intersects perpendicularly with an axial line of the horizontal rotation. The rotary joint is coupled to the vertically rotating. Moreover, the antenna device includes a waveguide path passing through the inside of the rotary and the inside of the vertically rotating and connected with the antenna.

Abstract: A universal joint comprising a pair of circular waveguide ball-joints and a slip-joint allows for simultaneous 3-axis rotation and 3-dimensional translation between an antenna and a stationary source. As such, the universal joint does not have to be physically aligned with the azimuth, and elevation, rotation axis of the antenna and mounted on the gimbal support, greatly simplifying the antenna steering mechanism. The universal joint allows the antenna to be mass-balanced in relation to the azimuth and elevation axis without adding any additional counter weights, thus reducing the size and power requirements of the azimuth and elevation rotation drive systems. Additional ball-joints may be provided to increase the allowed range of motion of the antenna.

Abstract: A waveguide structure according to one embodiment includes an upper waveguide and a mode conversion portion. The upper waveguide internally transmits a high frequency signal in TE10 mode along a first direction. The mode conversion portion is configured to electromagnetically couple with the upper waveguide. The mode conversion portion converts the high frequency signal propagating through the upper waveguide from TE10 mode to TM11 mode. The mode conversion portion transmits the high frequency signal converted in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. According to the waveguide structure pursuant to the embodiment, it is possible to attain excellent transmission characteristics of high frequency signals.

Abstract: A radio transceiver device includes circuitry for radiating electromagnetic signals at a very high radio frequency both through space, as well as through wave guides that are formed within a substrate material. In one embodiment, the substrate comprises a dielectric substrate formed within a board, for example, a printed circuit board. In another embodiment of the invention, the wave guide is formed within a die of an integrated circuit radio transceiver. A plurality of transceivers with different functionality is defined. Substrate transceivers are operable to transmit through the wave guides, while local transceivers are operable to produce very short range wireless transmissions through space. A third and final transceiver is a typical wireless transceiver for communication with remote (non-local to the device) transceivers.

Abstract: A method of radiometric image generation is provided using a series of isochronous revolutions of a multi-beam antenna with a dispersion characteristic. The antenna is combined with a multi-channel receiver with frequency channel separation to form an imaging unit. The method comprising cyclically executing the following phases: two separate calibration phase; using first and second standards; external radiation reception phase; data processing phase and data transformation phase.

Abstract: A method of radiometric image generation is provided using a series of isochronous revolutions of a multi-beam antenna with a dispersion characteristic. The antenna is combined with a multi-channel receiver with frequency channel separation to form an imaging unit. The method comprising cyclically executing the following phases: two separate calibration phase; using first and second standards; external radiation reception phase; data processing phase and data transformation phase.

Abstract: The satellite antenna device, system and methods according to certain embodiments of the present invention can receive broadcast information on both of two different frequency bands by selectively switching an alignment position of the low noise block converter (LNB) with respect to a fixed wave guide assembly so that the inlets to the respective frequency band inlets to the LNB align with the wave guide according to the selected target satellite broadcast signal.

Abstract: Methods and systems for amplitude modulation using a leaky wave antenna are disclosed and may include amplitude modulating an output of one or more power amplifiers in a wireless device by modulating a bias current in the power amplifiers that are coupled to one or more leaky wave antennas. The leaky wave antennas may include a balun that may be integrated on the chip, on a package to which the chip may be affixed, and/or integrated on a printed circuit board to which the chip may be affixed. An output power of the power amplifiers may be adjusted by configuring a bias voltage on the leaky wave antennas. The bias voltage may be configured utilizing a DC to DC voltage controller. The bias current may be modulated via one or more switched current sources. The switched current sources may be binary weighted and/or may be current mirrors.

Abstract: A conformal lens-reflector antenna system in which a radio frequency (RF) reflector is disposed in a depression in a raised portion of a dielectrical RF lens. The RF reflector can be shaped to reflect RF signals between an RF feed path to the lens and a body of the lens that extends generally laterally away from the raised portion. RF signals having a frequency within a resonant frequency range of the lens can be directed along the RF feed path to the reflector, which can reflect the RF signals into the body of the lens from which the RF signals can radiate. Similarly, RF signals in the resonant frequency range of the lens in space near the lens can resonate in the lens, and the reflector can reflect those signals down the RF feed path.

Abstract: Methods and systems for chip-to-chip communication via on-chip leaky wave antennas are provided. In this regard, RF signals may be communicated between a first leaky wave antenna in a first integrated circuit and a second leaky wave antenna in a second integrated circuit, where the first integrated circuit and the second integrated circuit are housed in a single integrated circuit package. The first integrated circuit and the second integrated circuit may be electrically isolated from one another. One or both of the first leaky wave antenna and the second leaky wave antenna may comprise a pair of coplanar conductive lines. Spacing between the coplanar conductive lines may be configured by applying a voltage which causes one or both of the coplanar conductive lines to deflect towards or away from the other one of the coplanar conductive lines.

Abstract: A compact, agile polarization diversity, multiple frequency band antenna with integrated electronics for terrestrial terminal use in satellite communications systems is disclosed. The antenna includes an antenna feed having highly integrated microwave electronics that are mechanically and electromagnetically coupled thereto in a distributed arrangement so that diverse polarization senses having a low axial ratio and electronic switching control of the polarization senses is provided. The arrangement of the integrated distributed transceiver configuration enables the mechanical rotation of the orientation of a first transceiver for skew alignment while a second transceiver remains stationary relative to the antenna feed assembly. The first transceiver can be a high-band transmitter and receiver pair that supports linear polarization senses and the second transceiver can be a low-band transmitter and receiver pair that supports circular polarization senses.

Abstract: A transportable weather radar having radar electronics functionally located above the elevational joint and a frame superstructure rotationally connected to the elevational joint onto which is mounted a parabolic radar antenna adapted for Doppler weather radar use. The radar has a rotational drive assembly mounted below and supporting the elevational joint and a harmonic drive unit positioned inside the elevational joint so that the antennae may be rotated without significant backlash during rotational changes. A hollow center in the rotational joint allows for the passing of electronics cable through the middle of the joint and down through rotating assemblies and to electronics in or adjacent to the radar pedestal.

Abstract: Implementations for exciting two or more modes via modal decomposition of a pulse by a wave launcher are generally disclosed.

Abstract: A communication device includes a communication circuit unit that processes a high frequency signal which transmits data, a high frequency signal transmission path that is connected to the communication circuit unit, a high frequency coupler that receives the high frequency signal and radiates an induction electric field signal of a longitudinal wave, and an antenna that receives the high frequency signal and radiates a radiation electromagnetic field or an electric wave signal of a transverse wave.

Abstract: A storage container assembly includes a container having a metal side wall, and a passive wireless repeater mounted on the side wall. The repeater includes a first antenna on one side of the side wall, a second antenna on an opposite side of the side wall, and an electrical connection between the first antenna and the second antenna. The electrical connection may be in the form of a first connector mounted to the first antenna and a second connector mounted to the second antenna.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved single antenna system that allows reception of RF energy at multiple frequencies. In one embodiment, the antenna is implemented as a multi-beam, multi-feed antenna having a primary reflector fitted with a dual mode feed tube and a switchable LNB that supports both Ka band and Ku band reception. In another embodiment, the antenna is implemented as a multi-beam, multi-feed antenna having a primary reflector fitted with a feed horn and a LNB that is capable of providing movement such that the feed horn with the LNB is at a focal point with the primary reflector for both Ka and Ku band reception. In another embodiment, the antennae is implemented as a multi-beam, multi-feed antenna having a primary reflected fitted with a feed horn assembly and a switchable LNB that supports both Ka band and Ku band reception.

Abstract: A small antenna system for communications on-the-move (“COTM”) with a geostationary or geosynchronous satellite to and from a land mobile, maritime or airborne vehicle is disclosed. The antenna system provides a robust and simple means of establishing communications with a satellite or remote computer device. Further embodiments of systems and methods of the various aspects of the present invention mitigate RF losses customary in existing horn antennas. Embodiments also facilitate COTM by utilizing novel antenna configurations that tightly integrate RF electronics while dissipating generated heat via an antenna compartment that may be designed to function as or be used in conjunction with a heat sink.

Abstract: A frequency down converter. A plate body of the frequency down converter includes a main surface. A first wave guide includes a first section and a second section connected to the first section. The first section is connected to the main surface and extends parallel thereto. The second section extends perpendicular to the main surface. A second wave guide includes a third section and a fourth section connected to the third section. The third section is connected to the main surface and extends parallel thereto. The fourth section extends perpendicular to the main surface.

Abstract: An array of feedhorns feeds detected radiation through waveguides to diode-based mixers to produce modulated intermediate frequency (“IF”) signals. The mixers and waveguides are accommodated on a substrate surface and multiple substrates can be layered up to support a two-dimensional array of waveguide openings in a face of a waveguide/mixer block. A feedhorn block is brought into register with this face so that each waveguide opening connects with a feedhorn. An end portion of each feedhorn is drilled into the opening of a respective waveguide. The main feedhorn block and the waveguide/mixer block are then assembled into registration. This method of construction avoids transverse interfaces in the walls of the feedhorns or waveguides just at the point where the transition is made from one to another.

Abstract: A method of radiometric image generation is provided using a series of isochronous revolutions of a multi-beam antenna with a dispersion characteristic. The antenna is combined with a multi-channel receiver with frequency channel separation to form an imaging unit. The method comprising cyclically executing the following phases: two separate calibration phase;using first and second standards; external radiation reception phase; data processing phase and data transformation phase.

Abstract: There is provided a low-cost wide band antenna having an ultra-wide band and high performance. The wide band antenna includes an antenna element to form a shape of a ridge waveguide open cross-section structure together with GND (10) when it is spread. The antenna element has a ridge element portion (13) corresponding to the ridge portion of the ridge waveguide and a radiation element portion (14) corresponding to the wall of the ridge waveguide and extending from the ridge element portion (13) for electromagnetic wave radiation. Moreover, the antenna element has an opposing auxiliary element (12) having the same shape and structure as the ridge element portion (13). The radiation element portion (14) has an end arranged on the GND (10). The ridge element portion (13) has a tip end connected to a power supply terminal (100).

Abstract: An antenna for communicating with a satellite from a moving vehicle. The antenna comprises a transmitter for generating a transmission signal, main and sub reflectors, and a waveguide associated with the transmitter for conducting the transmission signal toward the sub reflector. The sub reflector is configured for redirecting the transmission signal toward the main reflector; the main reflector is configured for projecting the redirected transmission signal as an antenna beam toward the satellite.

Abstract: A ground station antenna includes a LNB with at least one dipole, a feed horn, a waveguide between the LNB and the feed horn, and a rotation mechanism. By rotating a portion of the waveguide, the polarization of an electromagnetic wave propagating between the LNB and a satellite is transformed to match the polarization to (one of) the dipole(s) and to an antenna on the satellite. Another ground station antenna includes a main waveguide, two mutually orthogonal branch waveguides, a coupling mechanism for coupling two orthogonal antenna dipoles to the proximal end of the waveguide, and a transformation mechanism that transforms the polarization of an electromagnetic wave propagating between the branch waveguides and a satellite via the antenna dipoles to match the polarization to one of the branch waveguides and to an antenna on the satellite.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved single antenna system that allows reception of RF energy at multiple frequencies. In one embodiment, the antenna is implemented as a multi-beam, multi-feed antenna having a primary reflector fitted with a dual mode feed tube and a switchable LNB that supports both Ka band and Ku band reception. In another embodiment, the antenna is implemented as a multi-beam, multi-feed antenna having a primary reflector fitted with a feed horn and a LNB that is capable of providing movement such that the feed horn with the LNB is at a focal point with the primary reflector for both Ka and Ku band reception. In another embodiment, the antennae is implemented as a multi-beam, multi-feed antenna having a primary reflected fitted with a feed horn assembly and a switchable LNB that supports both Ka band and Ku band reception.

Abstract: A communication system including an antenna array with feed network coupled to communication electronics. In one example, a communication subsystem comprises a plurality of antennas each adapted to receive an information signal and a plurality of orthomode transducers coupled to corresponding ones of the plurality of antennas, each OMT is adapted to provide at a first component signal having a first polarization and a second component signal having a second polarization. The communication subsystem also comprises a feed network that receives the first component signal and the second component signal from each orthomode transducer and provides a first summed component signal at a first feed port and a second summed component signal at a second feed port, and a phase correction device coupled to the first and second feed ports and adapted to phase match the first summed component signal with the second summed component signal.

Abstract: A beam waveguide may include a first set of dual offset reflectors and a second set of dual offset reflectors. The first set of dual offset reflectors and the second set of dual offset reflectors may each include reflector geometries to produce a radiation pattern that is symmetric about a first axis between the first and second set of dual offset reflectors and to produce an axi-symmetric beam from the second set of dual offset reflectors that is unaffected by any rotation of the first and second set of dual offset reflectors relative to one another about the first axis.

Abstract: A small antenna system for communications on-the-move (“COTM”) with a geostationary or geosynchronous satellite to and from a land mobile, maritime or airborne vehicle is disclosed. The antenna system provides a robust and simple means of establishing communications with a satellite or remote computer device. Further embodiments of systems and methods of the various aspects of the present invention mitigate RF losses customary in existing horn antennas. Embodiments also facilitate COTM by utilizing novel antenna configurations that tightly integrate RF electronics while dissipating generated heat via an antenna compartment that may be designed to function as or be used in conjunction with a heat sink.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna apparatus for a portable terminal which includes radiation elements received in a housing of the portable terminal; contact arms formed on the radiation elements; and feeding pads disposed on both surfaces of a printed circuit board, wherein the contact arms are in contact with the feeding pads. The contact arms respectively come in contact with each feeding pad. The pair of feeding pads is attached to the printed circuit board while the contact arms are provided on the radiation elements so as to come in contact with the each feeding pad, so that the antenna apparatus may satisfy operation criteria of wide and multi bands. In addition, the radiation elements are formed as a pair, one of which satisfies the operation criteria of double and triple bands and the other of which has resonance frequency of other bands, so that the operation criteria of the multi bands can be effectively achieved.

Abstract: A low profile receiving and/or transmitting antenna includes an array of antenna elements that collect and coherently combine millimeter wave or other radiation. The antenna elements are physically configured so that radiation at a predetermined wavelength band impinging on the antenna at a particular angle of incidence is collected by the elements and collected in-phase. Two or more mechanical rotators may be disposed to alter the angle of incidence of incoming or outgoing radiation to match the particular angle of incidence.

Abstract: A high-frequency Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) device, and a method for making the device are provided. The device includes a first substrate including multiple conducting vias forming a periodic lattice. The vias of the first substrate extend from the lower surface of the first substrate to the upper surface of the first substrate. The device also includes a second substrate having multiple conducting vias forming a periodic lattice. The vias of the second substrate extend from the lower surface of the second substrate to the upper surface of the second substrate. The second substrate is positioned adjacent to, and overlapping, the first substrate, such that the lower surface of the second substrate is in contact with the upper surface of the first substrate, and such that a plurality of vias of the second substrate are in contact with a corresponding plurality of vias of the first substrate.

Abstract: A flat aperture waveguide sidewall-emitting twist-reflector (FAWSET) antenna, having an E-plane sectoral flare having a depth merely the H-plane width of the waveguide. Extending the E-plane sectoral flare is a twist-reflector tilted from one sidewall of the E-plane flare and a trans-reflector extending from another opposing sidewall of the E-plane flare. An angle between distal end of the twist-reflector and the trans-reflector is a function of the frequency of the incoming wave.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is provided having a primary feedhorn arranged in a first plane and configured to provide a first scan pattern having a first gain and first beamwidth. In another embodiment, a plurality of feedhorns are configured to provide a second scan pattern, wherein each of the plurality of feedhorns may be oriented substantially parallel to the first plane. A support structure may be provided to arrange the primary feedhorn in the first plane and the plurality of feedhorns substantially in parallel to the first plane. According to another embodiment, the first and second scan patterns produce a resulting scan pattern having a resultant beamwidth greater than the first beamwidth and a resultant gain that is greater than a minimum gain requirement.

Abstract: A frequency down converter. A plate body of the frequency down converter includes a main surface. A first wave guide includes a first section and a second section connected to the first section. The first section is connected to the main surface and extends parallel thereto. The second section extends perpendicular to the main surface. A second wave guide includes a third section and a fourth section connected to the third section. The third section is connected to the main surface and extends parallel thereto. The fourth section extends perpendicular to the main surface.

Abstract: An antenna for communicating with a satellite from a moving vehicle. The antenna comprises a transmitter for generating a transmission signal, main and sub reflectors, and a waveguide associated with the transmitter for conducting the transmission signal toward the sub reflector. The sub reflector is configured for redirecting the transmission signal toward the main reflector; the main reflector is configured for projecting the redirected transmission signal as an antenna beam toward the satellite.