Abstract: The present invention relates to a base station antenna. The base station antenna comprises: a reflector that is configured to provide a ground plane; a first radiating element array including at least one first cross-polarized radiating element that is arranged on the reflector; and a first parasitic element array including first through third parasitic element pairs, wherein each of the first through third parasitic element pairs includes a pair of parasitic elements that are arranged substantially symmetrically on both sides of the first longitudinal axis, and distances from the first through third parasitic element pairs respectively to the first longitudinal axis increase sequentially, wherein projections of any two of the first parasitic element pair, the second parasitic element pair, the third parasitic element pair, and the at least one first cross-polarized radiating element on the first longitudinal axis at least partly overlap.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are antenna boards, antenna modules, and communication devices. For example, in some embodiments, an antenna board may include a plurality of antenna patches coupled to a dielectric material and a plurality of pedestals extending from a face of the dielectric material and at least partially embedded in the dielectric material.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for a printed circuit board that includes multiple antennas, and operates to support satellite communications, are disclosed. One apparatus includes a first flat panel element. The first flat panel element includes a multilayer PCB (printed circuit board). The multilayer PCB includes a first exterior layer comprising N antenna elements, and a second exterior layer comprising N RF (radio frequency) chains operative to process the RF signals, each of the N RF chains electrically connected to a one of the N antenna elements, and N metal patches arranged in a square, wherein an air gap is located between the N metal patches and the N antenna elements, wherein dimensions, orientation, and spacing between the N metal patches and the N antenna elements are selected based on a carrier frequency, bandwidth, and directionality of the propagated RF signals.

Abstract: An omnidirectional vertically polarized antenna. A number of antenna elements are each fabricated on a backing, such as a printed circuit board. The front of each antenna element has conductive strips and slots, arranged in an alternating pattern. The back of each antenna element has an antenna feed circuit. An electrically absorptive layer is attached to the back of each antenna element. The antenna elements are assembled together in a nonconductive housing with circumferentially arranged compartments that receive the antenna elements.

Abstract: A novel, interlocking, snap-fit connection between an antenna aperture and a ground plane layer that contains coaxial connectors is described herein. The snap-fit design provides a simple and solderless transition from the connectors to elements of the antenna aperture. This design facilitates easy assembly and disassembly, allowing parts to be removed, reinstalled and/or reused.

Abstract: An all metal wideband tapered slot phase array antenna includes: a ground plate; and a plurality of antennas arranged on the ground plate, wherein each of the antennas includes radiators configured to face each other with respect to a center line, forming an inclined surface that starts from the ground plate and decreases in width in an exponential manner, and having a non-uniform thickness.

Abstract: A wireless power feeding device includes an attachment member having a socket to be electrically connected to a power supply and a fastener to be electrically connected to a ground, and a band having a socket pin to be inserted to the socket and a locking tool to be locked to the fastener, the band being attached to the attachment member and fixing a power receiving device to which power is to be wirelessly fed to the attachment member, wherein the socket pin has a power feeding electrode to be electrically connected to the power supply within the socket, and a ground connection sensing electrode to be electrically connected to the ground via the locking tool and the fastener, and the attachment member has a switch circuit electrically connecting the power supply to the power feeding electrode only when the ground connection sensing electrode is electrically connected to the ground.

Abstract: This document describes a folded waveguide for antenna. The folded waveguide may be an air waveguide and includes a hollow core that forms a rectangular opening in a longitudinal direction at one end, a closed wall at an opposite end, and a sinusoidal shape that folds back and forth about a longitudinal axis that runs in the longitudinal direction through the hollow core. The hollow core forms a plurality of radiation slots, each including a hole through one of multiple surfaces that defines the hollow core. The radiation slots are arranged on the one surface to produce a particular antenna pattern. The radiation slots and sinusoidal shape enable the folded waveguide to prevent grating lobes from appearing in the particular antenna pattern on either side of a horizontal-polarity, main beam, or to prevent X-band lobes from appearing in the particular antenna pattern on either side of a vertical-polarity, main beam.

Abstract: A radar system having multiple layers and a radiating array of elements, wherein signals are presented to the elements as they propagate through a slotted wave guide.

Abstract: A communication antenna and radiation unit thereof with tapered clearance slots for transceiving radiation signals disposed at four corners of the radiation unit. The slots form groups and are arranged and fed by two feeding units. A middle portion of the radiation unit is a flat central platform. Peripheries of the radiation unit are turned up to form folded edges. The communication antenna includes a reflecting plate and a radiation unit operating at a low frequency. The central platform has a high-frequency radiation element. The radiation unit has a small aperture and is lightweight, so the antenna size is reduced, and a radiation performance indicator can be ensured. The radiation unit is applied to a multi-frequency antenna, has little effect on a high-frequency oscillator, and is especially suitable for a multi-frequency base station antenna with a low-frequency unit and a high-frequency unit forming an array in a nested manner.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes a resonant cavity, a plurality of feed waveguides, an array of slot antenna elements, and a plurality of phase shifters. The resonant cavity includes a boresight surface having a normal vector oriented with boresight for the phased array antenna. The plurality of feed waveguides is distributed along a perimeter of the resonant cavity and is configured to supply electromagnetic waves to the resonant cavity. The array of slot antenna elements is distributed about the boresight surface and configured to radiate a beam based on standing waves within the resonant cavity. Each of the plurality of phase shifters is respectively coupled with the plurality of feed waveguides and independently controllable to modify the respective phases of the standing waves to steer the beam.

Abstract: The disclosed structures and methods are directed to transmission and reception of a radio-frequency (RF) wave. An antenna comprises a stack-up structure having a first control layer, a second control layer, a first and a second parallel-plate waveguides, and a plurality of through vias. The antenna further comprises a first central port and a second central port being configured to radiate RF wave into the two parallel-plate waveguides independently; vertical-polarization peripheral radiating elements integrated with the first control layer and configured to radiate RF wave in vertical polarization; and horizontal-polarization peripheral radiating elements integrated with the second control layer and configured to radiate RF wave in horizontal polarization. A central port for transmission of RF wave into the stack-up structure of the antenna is also provided.

Abstract: A dielectric loss when a signal wave is transmitted between a feed line and an antenna element via a slot is reduced. An antenna 21 includes: a dielectric substrate 28 including a recess 28b; a conductive ground layer 27 that is bonded to the dielectric substrate 28 to cover the recess 28b, and includes slots 27a-27d arranged on an inner side relative to the recess 28b; a dielectric layer 26 bonded to the conductive ground layer 27 on a side opposite to the dielectric substrate 28 relative to the conductive ground layer 27; antenna elements 29a-29d formed on a bottom 28d of the recess 28b at positions facing the slots 27a-27d; and a feed line 24a that is formed on a side opposite to the conductive ground layer 27 relative to the dielectric layer 26, and is to be electromagnetically coupled to the antenna elements 29a-29d via the slots 27a-27d.

Abstract: A slot antenna comprises a printed circuit board, wherein the printed circuit board has a slot, a first capacitor, a radio frequency signal source, a transmission line, and a ground cable, wherein one end of the slot is open, and the other end is closed; the first capacitor and the ground cable are disposed on the printed circuit board, wherein the first capacitor is located on the open end of the slot; the transmission line connects the first capacitor to the radio frequency signal source; and the radio frequency signal source is configured to stimulate a feeding signal, and feed the feeding signal to the open end of the slot, wherein the radio frequency signal source connects the transmission line to the ground cable, and wherein a feed point from the radio frequency signal source to the transmission line is located outside the slot.

Abstract: A body-worn electronic device, including a loop antenna and a transmitter. The overall physical length of the loop antenna is less than 75% of the vacuum wavelength of a lower limit frequency of the operating frequency range of the transmitter, while the electrical length of the antenna is from 0.9 to 1.1 times the guided wavelength of the lower limit frequency of the operating frequency range of the transmitter. The loop antenna includes a plurality of conductors which are connected in series by inductors so as to increase the electrical length of the loop antenna.

Abstract: Disclosed are techniques for transmitting and receiving an extended narrowband positioning reference signal (NPRS) sequence. In an aspect, a base station generates the extended NPRS sequence and transmits, to at least one user equipment (UE) over a wireless narrowband channel, the extended NPRS sequence. In an aspect, a UE receives, over the wireless narrowband channel, an NPRS of a first subset of the extended NPRS sequence and measures the NPRS of the first subset of the extended PRS sequence. In an aspect, the extended NPRS sequence may be a function of a plurality of slot numbers of a plurality of slots of a plurality of sequential radio frames and a plurality of symbol indexes of a plurality of symbols of a single physical resource block.

Abstract: An antenna includes a feed including a first feed element and a second feed element; a first member composed of metallic materials and including an end plate having at least two sides, and side wall plates disposed on the at least two sides of the end plate, wherein the first feed element and the second feed element of the feed are disposed on the end plate of the first member, and slots are formed on at least one of the side wall plates of the first member; and second members composed of non-metallic materials and disposed to cover the first member such that the slots are shielded; wherein a spacer for avoiding signal interference between the first feed element and the second feed element is disposed between the first feed element and the second feed element and connected with the end plate.

Abstract: An antenna device for receiving radio wave signals includes antenna groups. Each of the antenna groups includes unit antennas arranged in a predetermined direction. The antenna groups are arranged in the predetermined direction at equal intervals. The unit antennas in each of the antenna groups are arranged at two or more different intervals in the predetermined direction in the antenna device.

Abstract: The suprastructure over a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) can provide for beam scanning utilizing a reconfigurable metasurface. The reconfigurable metasurface will have a plurality of PIN diode arrays that can be turned ON and OFF. In one design, the length of the reconfigurable metasurface is effectively enlarged or reduced in size to achieve beam scanning. In another design the tilt angle of the reconfigurable metasurface is adjusted to achieve beam scanning. The suprastructure also can be modified with metallic offset wings, where two or more pairs of offset wing can form a horn shaped element. The presence of the wings or horn, as well as control of the size and number of the wings can improve the gain of the SIW. These two suprastructure improvements may be used in combination, and they may be used over classical slotted SIWs or over an SIW with curved sections between consecutive slots.

Abstract: A photoconductive device that includes a semiconductor substrate, an antenna assembly, and a photoconductive assembly with one or more plasmonic contact electrodes. The photoconductive assembly can be provided with plasmonic contact electrodes that are arranged on the semiconductor substrate in a manner that improves the quantum efficiency of the photoconductive device by plasmonically enhancing the pump absorption into the photo-absorbing regions of semiconductor substrate. In one exemplary embodiment, the photoconductive device is arranged as a photoconductive source and is pumped at telecom pump wavelengths (e.g., 1.0-1.6 ?m) and produces milliwatt-range power levels in the terahertz (THz) frequency range.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a radiation plate, a first feed board, and a second feed board. The radiation plate includes a radiation patch and a plurality of slot members, and each slot member includes a fixing groove and a guide groove communicating with the fixing groove. The first feed board includes a first fixing member at an end facing the radiation patch. The second feed board includes a second fixing member at an end facing the radiation patch, and the second feed board is compatible with the first feed board through a plug-in connection. The fixing grooves of the plurality of slot members respectively match the first fixing member and the second fixing member to realize an in-line cooperation of the radiation plate, the first feed board, and the second feed board.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and circuitries are disclosed for providing a retrodirective array. One example retrodirective array includes a plurality of dual-polarized antenna elements configured to receive a pilot signal having a first polarization and phase conjugation circuitry. The phase conjugation circuitry includes, for each of the plurality of antenna elements, a mixer configured to mix the pilot signal with an LO signal to generate a phase conjugated signal and excitation circuitry configured to generate an excitation signal for the antenna element to transmit the phase conjugated signal with a second polarization that is different from the first polarization.

Abstract: A dual band antenna that allows the independent optimization of each frequency band by adjusting the sizes of the antenna elements. For example, an antenna may have two different drivers, one for the high-frequency and one for the low frequency. By using elements orthogonally connected to the low frequency driver, the low frequency driver can function as both a reflector to the high frequency drivers and the low frequency driver without affecting the antenna's performance in the high frequency. The antenna may also have parasitic elements. For example, parasitic directors parallel to the high frequency band driver can be configured to improve performance in the high frequency band. Pairs of additional parasitic directors can be orthogonally connected these directors. These pairs can be adjusted in size to improve performance in the low frequency band with minimal impact on performance in the high frequency band.

Abstract: The disclosure applies to the field of antenna technology, which provides an antenna oscillator and an antenna. The antenna oscillator includes an antenna oscillator body, the antenna oscillator body has a rectangular planar plate-like structure. The first slit and the second slit have strip-shaped structures without branches and are configured on the antenna oscillator body. The first slit and the second slit extend in the direction of the long side of the rectangle and the antenna oscillator body is configured with a pore structure. It can receive and transmit electromagnetic wave signals of a larger bandwidth, expand the effective bandwidth of the antenna oscillator and obtain better signal intensity for each frequency within the effective bandwidth.

Abstract: An antenna and a base station including the antenna. The antenna includes a sub-array that includes first and second unit cells and a feed network. The first and second unit cells comprise first and second patches, respectively, having quadrilateral shapes. The feed network comprises a first transmission line terminating below first corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a second transmission line terminating below third corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a third transmission line terminating below a second corner of the first patch and a fourth corner of the second patch; and a fourth transmission line terminating below a fourth corner of the first patch and a second corner of the second patch. The first corners are opposite the third corners on the respective first and second patches and the second corners are opposite the fourth corners on the respective first and second patches.

Abstract: A controlling method and a communication device are disclosed. The controlling method is applied to a communication device with a plurality of antennas. The controlling method includes the following operations: comparing a plurality of environmental parameters of the antennas in a comparison time interval to generate a determination result, wherein the determination result includes whether to switch the plurality of the antennas; adjusting the comparison time interval and a maintenance time interval according to the determination result; and transmitting or receiving wireless signals in the maintenance time interval. The controlling method and the communication device have the advantages of communication capability optimization and power saving.

Abstract: A streaming media player includes a printed circuit board, a video processor, a wireless communications processor, and a patch antenna. The patch antenna includes dielectric material, a conductive patch, and a first antenna feed in a first position with respect to the conductive patch. The patch antenna includes a second antenna feed in a second position with respect to the conductive patch. The first position is orthogonal to the second position. In an embodiment, the second position is rotationally offset from the first position by 90 degrees around an axis through a center of the conductive patch. The streaming media player includes a connector coupled to the video processor and configured to removably couple to a connection port on a display device.

Abstract: A waveguide antenna apparatus includes a lower laminate layer of non-radio-frequency (RF) material and a first layer of conductive material formed on a top surface of the lower laminate layer of non-RF material. A middle layer of non-RF material formed over the first layer of conductive material, the middle layer of non-RF material comprising a waveguide cavity formed through the middle layer of non-RF material, such that air forms a propagation medium for radiation in the waveguide cavity. An upper layer of non-RF material is formed over the middle layer of non-RF material, and a second layer of conductive material is formed on a top surface of the upper layer of non-RF material, the first and second layers of conductive material and the waveguide cavity being part of a waveguide antenna.

Abstract: An antenna includes a radiator, where the radiator includes three parts separated by a gap, an end of a second part proximate to a first part is a first end, and an end of the second part proximate to a third part is a second end, a medium-high frequency feeder, electrically coupled to the radiator at a first coupling point, a low frequency feeder electrically coupled to the radiator, a first ground cable electrically coupled to the radiator at a second coupling point, where an adjustable component for controlling conduction of the first ground cable is disposed on the first ground cable, a length from the second coupling point to an end that is in the first end and the second end and that is further from the first coupling point is a quarter of a wavelength corresponding to a resonance frequency.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to a multi-frequency electromagnetic feed line. The multi-frequency electromagnetic feed line includes a waveguide that has a plurality of slots arranged laterally along a length of the waveguide that corresponds to a first axis, in which the plurality of slots are configured to radiate electromagnetic signaling from an input end of the waveguide to a terminal end of the waveguide. The waveguide also has a plurality of vias arranged proximate to the terminal end of the waveguide in a predetermined angle relative to a second axis orthogonal to the first axis, in which the plurality of vias are configured to terminate the plurality of slots for different frequencies of an operating frequency band. A first slot of the plurality of slots that is arranged closest to the terminal end has varying distances to different vias. Other examples disclosed herein relate a method of fabricating a waveguide.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna. The antenna comprises a feed line having first and second ends on opposite sides of the feed line, wherein a transmission axis is defined as the axis extending between the first and second ends of the feed line. Further, the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna elements arranged along the feed line, protruding from the transmission axis. The antenna also comprises a first port at the first end of the feed line, wherein, at a first part of the antenna, the feed line, from the first port towards a reference point along the transmission axis, comprises antenna elements of gradually increasing length, configured to radiate in a first direction along the transmission axis from the reference point towards the first port during excitation in the first port.

Abstract: An antenna and a base station including the antenna. The antenna includes a sub-array that includes first and second unit cells and a feed network. The first and second unit cells comprise first and second patches, respectively, having quadrilateral shapes. The feed network comprises a first transmission line terminating below first corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a second transmission line terminating below third corners of the first and second patches, respectively; a third transmission line terminating below a second corner of the first patch and a fourth corner of the second patch; and a fourth transmission line terminating below a fourth corner of the first patch and a second corner of the second patch. The first corners are opposite the third corners on the respective first and second patches and the second corners are opposite the fourth corners on the respective first and second patches.

Abstract: A system and method provide simultaneous dual polarization operation using a linearly-polarized planar antenna and a polarizer spaced apart from the linearly-polarized planar antenna, the polarizer including a first polarization state having primarily one of left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) or right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and a third polarization state having linear polarization from which a combination of both LHCP and RHCP is simultaneously derived. The polarizer is placed in the first polarization state to at least one of transmit or receive a signal having primarily one of LHCP or RHCP, and the polarizer is placed in the third polarization state to simultaneously transmit and/or receive two different signals, where a first signal of the two different signals has primarily LHCP and a second signal of the two different signals has primarily RHCP.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an antenna system including an antenna assembly embedded in a grounding foundation plate. The antenna assembly includes a first printed circuit board, a second printed circuit board, a third printed circuit board, a first conductive layer, a feed sheet, a second conductive layer, a first radiation gap disposed in the second conductive layer, and a second radiation gap disposed in the second conductive layer. The antenna assembly further includes a feed point disposed at one end of the feed sheet for electrically connecting to an external circuit and transferring the power to the second conductive layer via the feed sheet, by which, the first radiation gap works at a first frequency band, and the second radiation gap works at a second frequency band. Both of the first and second frequency bands are included in 5G frequency bands.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) aperture includes an interface board. An array of electrically conductive tapered projections have bases disposed on a front side of the interface printed circuit board and extend away from the front side of the interface printed circuit board. RF circuitry is disposed at the back side of the interface board and is electrically connected with the electrically conductive tapered projections.

Abstract: A system and method provide simultaneous dual polarization operation using a linearly-polarized planar antenna and a polarizer spaced apart from the linearly-polarized planar antenna, the polarizer including a first polarization state having primarily one of left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) or right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and a third polarization state having linear polarization from which a combination of both LHCP and RHCP is simultaneously derived. The polarizer is placed in the first polarization state to at least one of transmit or receive a signal having primarily one of LHCP or RHCP, and the polarizer is placed in the third polarization state to simultaneously transmit and/or receive two different signals, where a first signal of the two different signals has primarily LHCP and a second signal of the two different signals has primarily RHCP.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) aperture includes an interface board. An array of electrically conductive tapered projections have bases disposed on a front side of the interface printed circuit board and extend away from the front side of the interface printed circuit board. RF circuitry is disposed at the back side of the interface board and is electrically connected with the electrically conductive tapered projections.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for adaptive surge protection are disclosed. An example method comprises providing load voltage to the electric load by regulating a source voltage with a surge protection device; monitoring, via a voltage detection circuit, the source voltage from an electric source, and determining, via a wiring diagnostic circuit, whether a wiring fault is detected; monitoring, via a lightning detection circuit, for the presence of lightning within a threshold distance of the surge protection device; and breaking, with a switching device, a circuit connection to stop providing the load voltage to the electric load in response to detecting at least one of: a presence of the wiring fault, the presence of lightning within the threshold distance, an overvoltage at the source voltage; or an undervoltage at the electric source.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for point symmetric complementary meander line (PSC-ML) slots, which can be used for mutual coupling reduction. In one example, an antenna array includes first and second patch antenna elements disposed on a first side of a substrate, the first and second patch antenna elements separated by a gap. The antenna array can include point symmetric complementary meander line (PSC-ML) slots formed in a ground plane disposed on a second side of the substrate. The PSC-ML slots can include a pair of ML slots aligned with the gap between the first and second patch antenna elements. In another example, a method includes forming first and second antenna elements on a first side of a substrate and forming PSC-ML slots in a ground plane disposed on a second side of the substrate that are aligned with a gap between the first and second antenna elements.

Abstract: Modulation patterns for surface scattering antennas provide desired antenna pattern attributes such as reduced side lobes and reduced grating lobes.

Abstract: A broadband conformal antenna (“BCA”) is disclosed. The BCA includes a narrow approximately rectangular outer conductive (“NARO”) housing, a plurality of dielectric layers within the NARO housing forming a laminated dielectric structure, and an inner conductor formed within the laminated dielectric structure. The NARO housing includes a top broad wall and the BCA further includes an antenna slot within the top broad wall. The BCA is configured to support a transverse electromagnetic signal within the NARO housing.

Abstract: An embodiment of an antenna module includes a substrate, a first antenna, and a second antenna. The first antenna is disposed on the substrate and is configured to radiate a first signal having a wavelength and a first polarization. And the second antenna is disposed on the substrate and is configured to radiate a second signal having the wavelength and a second polarization that is approximately orthogonal to the first polarization. For example, such an antenna module can include, as the first antenna, a T antenna configured to transmit and receive data that forms a first part of a MIMO-OFDM data symbol, and can include, as the second antenna, an F antenna configured to transmit and receive data that forms a second part of the MIMO-OFDM data symbol.

Abstract: An antenna includes a feed; a first member being made of metallic materials and including an end plate and side wall plates disposed on both sides of the end plate, in which the feed is disposed on the end plate of the first member, and slots are respectively formed on the side wall plates of the first member; and second members made of non-metallic materials and bonded to the first member to shield the slots. The antenna and a mobile terminal including the antenna can achieve an aesthetically pleasing appearance and improve user experience, as the slots cannot be observed when viewed from outside the mobile terminal.

Abstract: A wireless module including: a substrate that includes a first surface and a second surface on the back side of the first surface; a plurality of signal terminals that are provided on the first surface and the second surface, input and output signals; an antenna provided on the first surface; a signal processing circuit that is provided on the second surface, is connected between the signal terminals and the antenna, and performs various signal processings on signals input from the signal terminals and the antenna; wherein the signal terminals are arranged in horizontal symmetry on the first surface and the second surface, arranged at the same positions of the first surface and the second surface, and connected to a single signal line in the substrate.

Abstract: A radar system includes a traveling-wave imaging manifold (TIM) antenna including a waveguide with multiple paths configured such that adjacent ones of the multiple paths have different path lengths. The radar system also includes a processor configured to generate a transmit signal to be input at an opening of the waveguide or to process a reflection obtained from the opening of the waveguide.

Abstract: A top fed, wide band, dual pitch, quadrifilar helix antenna with hemispherical radiation pattern coverage with a reduced back lobe over a wide bandwidth is described wherein one end of the antenna's helix has a high pitch angle that adjoins the other end of the helix with a low pitch angle. The dual pitch angles provide stable radiation patterns and exceptional impedance response to support ultra-high frequency, ultra-high frequency follow-on and mobile user object system circuits. Broadband performance is further aided by providing a radome that dielectrically loads the antenna.

Abstract: An interleaved array of electronically steerable antennas is capable of simultaneously operating and/or independently beam scanning at different frequencies from a single aperture. An antenna system may comprise a plurality of electronically steerable antennas configured to be operable at different frequencies, each of the antennas comprising a feed launching a surface wave and surface-wave waveguides connected to the feed. The surface-wave waveguides of the antennas operable at different frequencies may be interleaved with each other.

Abstract: A dipole antenna array element using crossed dipoles is provided. The arms of the crossed dipoles are spaced apart from a ground plane. The length of the arms of the crossed dipoles, as well as the height of the array element, is dependent on the lowest wavelength of signal for which the element is to be used with. To adjust the impedance of the antenna array element, a strip of conductive material is used to enclose an area about the arms of the dipoles. A patch component can also be used with the arms being between the patch component and the ground plane.

Abstract: An electronic device may include ground structures and peripheral conductive housing structures defining opposing edges of a slot element. A monopole element may overlap the slot element. The monopole element may be directly fed radio-frequency signals by an antenna feed coupled to the monopole element. The monopole element may radiate the radio-frequency signals in a first frequency band while indirectly feeding the radio-frequency signals to the slot element via near-field electromagnetic coupling. The slot element may radiate the radio-frequency signals in a second frequency band that is lower than the first frequency band. The monopole element and the slot element may collectively form a multi-band antenna that exhibits a relatively wide bandwidth.

Abstract: An improved Vivaldi antenna enhances the performance over a 2:1 frequency band while occupying a compact format. Taking advantage of a common FR4 material printed circuit board construction, considered features are added which improve the operating bandwidth without adding additional cost. One such embodiment operates over an approximate frequency range of 400 to 900 MHz.