Abstract: A multibeam Radio Frequency (RF) lens antenna is designed as a receiver for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) applications, such as GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo, GLONASS, COMPASS, and others. The RF lens and plurality of associated feed elements and receiver circuits combine to form a plurality of resulting high-gain relatively narrow beams that, taken together, allow reception of signals from GNSS satellites over the entire upper hemisphere. Any kind of RF lens can be used, where the lens can be of homogeneous or inhomogeneous, dielectric or metamaterial metasurface construction. The benefit of this approach to build a GNSS receiver over existing alternatives is increased gain and decreased noise at each receiver, which improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and improves the accuracy and reliability of the position and time measurements, while also reducing the impact of, and sensitivity to, interference, jamming, and spoofing signals.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antenna comprising: a radiation unit that is formed on a substrate; a waveguide that propagates therein radio waves radiated from the radiation unit and radiates the radio waves as a beam; and a dielectric lens that is arranged in an opening of the waveguide and has an incident plane facing the radiation unit and a radiation plane radiating radio waves entered from the incident plane. The radiation plane of the dielectric lens has a plane orientation different from a flat plane perpendicular to the radiation direction of the beam.

Abstract: A transition arrangement for interconnection of waveguide structures or waveguide flanges for forming a waveguide twist, wherein a waveguide twist section arrangement including a number of waveguide twist sections is arranged between the waveguide structures or waveguide flanges for rotating the polarization of waves or signals twisted or forming an angle with an adjacent waveguide flange and/or another adjacent waveguide twist section with respective waveguide openings. The or each twist section on at least one side includes a surface of a conductive material with a periodic or quasi-periodic structure formed by a number of protruding elements allowing waves to pass across a gap between a surface around a waveguide opening to another waveguide opening in a desired direction or waveguide paths, at least in an intended frequency band of operation, and to stop propagation of waves in the gap in other directions.

Abstract: Included are: a radar main unit for emitting a radar wave and receiving a reflection wave of the radar wave reflected by an object; and a dielectric substrate in which multiple matching layers each having a protruded shape are regularly arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and the radar wave emitted from the radar main unit enters the multiple matching layers in a state where the other-surface side of the dielectric substrate is attached to a windshield.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, antenna structure that includes a dielectric antenna having a dielectric lens and a dielectric body, and a feedline coupled to the dielectric antenna, wherein an endpoint of the feedline is configured to reduce a reflection of an electromagnetic wave transmission, wherein electromagnetic waves generated by the electromagnetic wave transmission are guided along the feedline without requiring an electrical return path, and wherein the electromagnetic waves propagate through the dielectric body to the dielectric lens to generate wireless signals. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A three-dimensional resonant chamber is described. The three-dimensional resonant chamber may support a plurality of circularly polarized modes at a desired frequency. The desired frequency may be in an ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) frequency band, such as in the 902 MHz-928 MHz or in the 2.4 GHz-2.5 GHz. The three-dimensional resonant chamber may include one or more openings for coupling electromagnetic radiation outside the three-dimensional resonant chamber. The three-dimensional resonant chamber may be disposed in a cavity, such as a microwave oven, and may be configured to excite the cavity through the one or more openings. The three-dimensional resonant chamber may be connected to a waveguide support a circularly polarized mode.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more embodiments, a method includes injection molding of a dielectric material in a pre-distorted antenna mold; and curing the dielectric material. The pre-distorted dielectric mold has a shape that compensates for shape distortion of the dielectric material during the curing.

Abstract: A horn antenna module is provided. The horn antenna module includes a waveguide and an antenna cover. The waveguide includes a plurality of waveguide paths. The antenna cover covers one end of the waveguide. The antenna cover includes a plurality of protrusions and a bottom surface. The protrusions are formed on the bottom surface. The protrusions correspond one-to-one with the waveguide paths. Each protrusion has a top surface and a lateral surface. The lateral surface is located between the top surface and the bottom surface. The top surface is planar.

Abstract: Various exemplary embodiments relate to an antenna feed configured to receive a signal having a wavelength. They antenna feed may include a cylindrical body and four pin groups. Each pin group may include two pins in close proximity extending across the center of the cylindrical body. One of the two pins may be rotated approximately 22.5° from the angle of the other pin. Each pin group may be spaced approximately one quarter of a wavelength away from each other, and may be rotated approximately 22.5° from the angle of the previous pin group.

Abstract: A device with a substrate lens antenna uses a lens shaped dielectric body located on top of a planar feed antenna. A leaky wave antenna structure is used as feed antenna. The leaky wave antenna structure has a feed input and a first and second wave propagation branch extending from the feed input. The lens shaped dielectric body has a plane surface containing a focal point of the lens shaped dielectric body, the plane surface located adjacent the first plane, with the focal point adjacent the position of the feed input. Preferably the lens shaped dielectric body is spaced from the leaky wave structure at a sufficient distance to remove most of the propagation speed reduction effect of the dielectric on wave propagation along the leaky wave antenna. This helps to suppress undesirable side-lobes.

Abstract: A horn antenna for a radar device including a dielectric filling body arranged in a hollow horn section of a metal body and a dielectric cover attached to the filling body and sealingly closing the open end of the metal body. The filling body includes a first conical portion that is fittingly received in the hollow horn section, and a second conical portion that is situated away from the open end and dimensioned to leave a gap between itself and the wall of the hollow horn section. The dielectric filling body has a third portion between the first and second portions, where the third portion and the opposite portion of the wall of the hollow horn section are provided with circumferential grooves arranged in pairs opposite each other to provide a wear and maintenance-free attachment of the dielectric filling body in the horn antenna.

Abstract: A horn antenna for a radar device including a dielectric filling body arranged in a hollow horn section of a metal body and a dielectric cover attached to the filling body and sealingly closing the open end of the metal body. The filling body includes a first conical portion that is fittingly received in the hollow horn section, and a second conical portion that is situated away from the open end and dimensioned to leave a gap between itself and the wall of the hollow horn section. The dielectric filling body has a third portion between the first and second portions, where the third portion and the opposite portion of the wall of the hollow horn section are provided with circumferential grooves arranged in pairs opposite each other to provide a wear and maintenance-free attachment of the dielectric filling body in the horn antenna.

Abstract: A dielectric antenna having an at least partially dielectric body and an electrically conductive sheath, wherein the dielectric body can be struck on a supply section with electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic radiation can be at least partially emitted from the dielectric body via a lens-shaped radiation section. The conductive sheath essentially surrounds the dielectric body from the supply section to the radiation section and a supply opening is provided in the conductive sheath in the area of the supply section and a radiation opening is provided in the conductive sheath in the area of the radiation section. The dielectric antenna that is easy to produce, has little interference and has a short construction as a result of the dielectric antenna having essentially the cross section of the radiation opening in the area of the supply section.

Abstract: A dual-band antenna is provided that combines two normally disparate communications modes into a single compact aperture minimizing overall mass and volume, while maintaining high performance efficiency and reciprocity of each individual mode. The antenna is compatible with both optical (near-IR/visible) and RF (microwave/millimeter-wave) transceiver subsystems for high bandwidth communications, applicable primarily to long- to extremely long-range (space-to-ground) link distances. The optical link provides high bandwidth while the RF provides a lower data-rate weather backup, accommodation for traditional navigation techniques, and assistance in cueing the extremely tight optical beam by matching the RF beamwidth to an optical fine-steering mechanism field-of-regard. The configuration is built around a near-diffraction-limited high performance primary mirror shared by both a direct-fed RF antenna design and a Cassegrain optical telescope.

Abstract: A device for determining distance between a rotor blade and a wall of a gas turbine surrounding the rotor blade is provided. A waveguide guides and emits electromagnetic waves of at least one frequency in the direction of the rotor blade through a waveguide opening facing the rotor blade. The electromagnetic waves are injected into the waveguide and reflected portions of the electromagnetic waves are received. An evaluation unit compares the phase of the electromagnetic waves to be injected with the phase of the reflected portions of the electromagnetic waves and determines phase comparison values for every frequency and the distance is determined based on the phase comparison values. The waveguide comprises a sealing element which is configured to be transmissible for the electromagnetic waves of the frequency and which has two opposite surfaces in the direction of guidance of the electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: An antenna is provided. The antenna may include at least one open-ended structure extending from a surface of a waveguide. The open-ended structure may have a cross section of many different shapes. The walls of the structure may be movable. The antenna structure may be rotated. The antenna may incorporate a number of different wave feeds. The antenna may provide two-dimensional beam steering.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a dielectric structure formed on a substrate; an antenna, partially within the dielectric structure, and supported by the dielectric structure; a reflective surface formed on the substrate. A shield blocks radiation from a portion of the antenna and from at least some of the dielectric structure. The shield is supported by the dielectric structure.

Abstract: A capacitively coupled dipole antenna is coupled to a substrate such that a capacitative portion of the antenna spans a void in the substrate.

Abstract: A dielectric antenna having an at least partially dielectric body and an electrically conductive sheath, wherein the dielectric body can be struck on a supply section with electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic radiation can be at least partially emitted from the dielectric body via a lens-shaped radiation section. The conductive sheath essentially surrounds the dielectric body from the supply section to the radiation section and a supply opening is provided in the conductive sheath in the area of the supply section and a radiation opening is provided in the conductive sheath in the area of the radiation section. The dielectric antenna that is easy to produce, has little interference and has a short construction as a result of the dielectric antenna having essentially the cross section of the radiation opening in the area of the supply section.

Abstract: A multiple-beam antenna system includes at least one reflector and a cluster of horns for feeding the reflector. A horn of the cluster of horns is configured for providing transmission and reception of signals over respective transmission and reception frequency bands. The horn includes a substantially conical wall having an internal surface with a variable slope. The internal surface of the substantially conical wall includes slope discontinuities. At least one of the slope discontinuities has a diameter greater than 1.7 times the wavelength of the lowest frequency of the transmission frequency band. The diameter is also greater than 1.7 times the wavelength of the highest frequency of the transmission frequency band. In addition, the diameter is greater than 1.7 times the wavelength of the lowest frequency of the reception frequency band, and the diameter is greater than 1.7 times the wavelength of the highest frequency of the reception frequency band.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a dielectric structure formed on a substrate; an antenna, partially within the dielectric structure, and supported by the dielectric structure; a reflective surface formed on the substrate. A shield blocks radiation from a portion of the antenna and from at least some of the dielectric structure. The shield is supported by the dielectric structure.

Abstract: An integrated multi-beam antenna with a shared dielectric lens is disclosed. The antenna is formed by positioning the feed apertures of a plurality of waveguide feeds at positions located on the surface of the shared dielectric lens. The angular direction and shape of radiation beams produced by the waveguide feeds are determined by the physical and dielectric characteristics of the lens, the location of feed apertures of the waveguide feeds on the surface of the lens, and the frequency of electromagnetic energy propagating in the waveguide feeds. The principles of the invention are applied to realize an inexpensive, integrated multi-feed antenna adapted to provide desired angular areas of coverage for both a long range and short range radar in an automotive radar safety system.

Abstract: This invention relates to a low-profile lens antenna. In particular, this invention relates to a low-profile lens antenna for use in a depression in a surface, e.g. a concavity in the ground. A low-profile lens antenna is provided that comprises a feed and a lens, wherein the lens is shaped to produce a radiation pattern that shows a general increase in power from 0° to 90° from the central axis of the antenna when illuminated with radiation from the feed.

Abstract: A Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA) and a radio module integrated into a single module. The present invention permits the PIFA to be removably secured on the top of a radio chip module. In one embodiment of the invention, a non-conductive antenna frame is removably secured to a radio chip. A radiating element or “patch” is then secured to the top of the frame. The patch has feed and shorting pins connected thereto. The integrated radio/antenna system can be mounted on a PCB using standard surface-mount techniques and the feed and shorting pins can be soldered to the PCB. In another embodiment of the invention, a cover is removably secured to the frame to retain the patch on the frame. The cover has a window to permit the feed and shorting pins to be soldered to the PCB.

Abstract: When a converter 14 is rotated via a rotation mechanism 17, the arrangement inclination angle of two primary radiators 15a and 15b can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 20 deg. with respect to an axis which is in parallel with the ground. Also the reception polarization angle due to probes of the primary radiators 15a and 15b can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 20 deg. while maintaining a preset difference in polarization angle among the satellites. Therefore, the arrangement inclination angle of the primary radiators 15a and 15b for respectively receiving signals from the two satellites, and the reception polarization angle in the primary radiators 15a and 15b can be simultaneously easily adjusted by rotating the converter 14 via the rotation mechanism 17.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for detecting a leaked electromagnetic signal is provided. The apparatus includes a telescoping antenna and a casing, which has a portion of the antenna mounted in it. The antenna can move telescopically relative to the casing between an extended configuration, in which the antenna extends away from the casing, and a retracted configuration, in which the antenna is housed in the casing. A signal analyzer is located in the casing and is connected to the telescoping antenna. The antenna detects the electromagnetic signal, which is analyzed by the signal analyzer.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods which provide multi-band antenna elements using multiple radiating branches interconnected with a feed plate, thereby providing a multi-band antenna element having a single feed. Additionally or alternatively, a wide band antenna configuration is provided utilizing multiple radiating branches of a multi-band antenna element of the present invention. Embodiments utilize one or more reflectors, such as to provide directivity and/or radiation pattern shaping, including utilizing one or more radiating branches of a multi-band antenna element as a reflector for another one or more radiating branches of the multi-band antenna.

Abstract: A capacitively coupled dipole antenna is coupled to a substrate such that a capacitative portion of the antenna spans a void in the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention reveals a multi-band antenna comprising a dielectric plate, a first metal foil and two second metal foils, where the first metal foil and the second metal foils are adhered to a surface of the dielectric plate. The first metal foil comprises a first plate, a second plate, two first stripes and a connecting bar, where the length of the first stripe is equivalent to one fourth wavelength of the first frequency used in the multi-band antenna, the connecting bar connects the center portions of the facing sides of the first plate and the second plate, the total length of the first plate, the second plate and the connecting bar is equivalent to one fourth wavelength of the second frequency used in the multi-band antenna.

Abstract: A device for heating relatively wide planar materials is formed by at least two parallel waveguides. Each waveguide has an opening that forms a single opening for a planar material. The planar material is propelled in a direction parallel to the propagation of an electronic wave. If each waveguide is kept in TE mode, heating is uniform across the planar material. Power splitters, septums, tuning stubs, and impedance matching can be used to control the heating in each waveguide.

Abstract: A horn for direct radiation or for use as a reflector feed is for operation at disparate frequencies. The horn has a conventionally LSE1,0 distribution at the lower of the two frequencies, and both LSE1,0 and LSE3,0 modes, phased for improved gain, at the higher frequency. The LSE3,0 mode is generated by an H-plane step, and the appropriate phasing, together with improved gain at the lower operating frequency, is achieved by the use of dielectric loading adjacent the E-plane walls of the phasing section of the horn.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a chip antenna. The chip antenna has a base block, and primary and second conductor lines. The base block is comprised of opposite top and bottom surfaces and side surfaces between the top and bottom surfaces, and made of one of dielectric and magnetic substances. The primary conductor line is formed at a portion of the base block and formed in the shape of an inverted F. The secondary conductor line is formed in a portion of the base block and formed in the shape of an inverted L. The primary and secondary conductor lines are connected in parallel with each other.

Abstract: A high-isolation broadband polarization diverse circular waveguide feed apparatus capable of supporting any arbitrary linear, right-hand circular, left-hand circular or elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave with desirable performance over a broad range of frequencies and small size is disclosed. The waveguide feed employs the combination of a symmetrical shaped conical frustrum waveguide and circular waveguide segments together with a novel arrangement of orthogonal and nonplanar electric field probes and radio frequency impedance posts to achieve broad bandwidth, low cross-polarization when operating in arbitrary linear mode, and high-isolation for rejection of undesired cross-polarization components when operating in circular or elliptical polarization mode. Details of a 10.95-12.7 gigahertz embodiment of the waveguide feed including dimensions are provided.

Abstract: A dielectric feeder has a holding portion inserted into the interior of a waveguide and a horn-shaped radiating portion having different radiation angles in major- and minor-axis directions. A plurality of annular grooves each having a depth corresponding to about a quarter wavelength of a radio wavelength &lgr;0 is formed in an end face of the radiating portion. An outer peripheral surface of the holding portion is cut out at circumferentially opposed positions axially in parallel with each other to form a pair of flat surfaces. Both flat surfaces are positioned in the major axis directions of the radiating portion and are thereby allowed to function as a phase compensating portion for compensating a propagative phase difference induced in the radiating portion. Further, there is formed a stepped hole comprising two recesses which are contiguous to each other from an end face of the holding portion toward the interior of the holding portion.

Abstract: An approach for providing a multiple-beam antenna system for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals from a plurality of closely spaced satellites is disclosed. Dielectric inserts are selectively coupled to the feedhorn bodies to alter the radiation patterns according to dielectric constants of the dielectric inserts. A reflector produces multiple antenna beams based upon the altered radiation patterns of the feedhorn bodies. The antenna provides simultaneous transmissions to satellites that are spaced about 2° or less.

Abstract: When a converter 14 is rotated via a rotation mechanism 17, the arrangement inclination angle of two primary radiators 15a and 16b can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 20 deg. with respect to an axis which is in parallel with the ground. Also the reception polarization angle due to probes of the primary radiators 15a and 15b can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 20 deg. while maintaining a preset difference in polarization angle among the satellites. Therefore, the arrangement inclination angle of the primary radiators 15a and 16b for respectively receiving signals from the two satellites, and the reception polarization angle in the primary radiators 15a and 15b can be simultaneously easily adjusted by rotating the converter 14 via the rotation mechanism 17.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of arrangements in reflector antennas, and in particular to that part of this field that concerns reflector antennas that include subreflectors. The invention is concerned chiefly with an improved subreflector (5b) which when used in a reflector antenna (1) enables the antenna to obtain a radiation diagram with high suppression of side lobes in both the H-plane and the E-plane. The reflective structure of the subreflector (5b) includes at least two mutually different geometries (15, 17) that have been configured specifically to obtain radiation diagrams with good suppression of side lobes in both the E-plane and the H-plane.

Abstract: An antenna feed horn (10) for a satellite antenna array that includes multiple chokes (34, 36, 40, 42, 44) that provide effective control of the horn aperture mode content to generate radiation patterns which substantially have equal E-plane and H-plane beamwidths, low cross-polarization, low axial ratio, and suppressed sidelobes. The chokes (34, 36, 40, 42, 44) are annular notches that have both radial and axial dimensions. Two chokes (34, 36) are provided at an internal transition location between a conical profile section (14) and a cylindrical aperture section (16). Additionally, another choke (44) is provided in the aperture (20) of the horn (10), and two additional chokes (40, 42) are provided proximate the aperture (20).

Abstract: A multiple beam antenna system including a reflector that is at least partially parabolic in one dimension, a pair of dielectric lenses, and a pair of waveguides. Multiple received beams are received and reflected by the reflector into an orthogonal mode junction which separates signals of a first polarity from signals of a second orthogonal polarity. The signals of the first polarity are forwarded into a first waveguide and the orthogonal signals of the second polarity are forwarded into a second parallel waveguide. A plurality of satellites may be accessed simultaneously thus allowing the user to utilize both signals at the same time. In certain embodiments, each of the dielectric lenses may be of the bifocal type.

Abstract: A low profile, receiving and/or transmitting antenna is adapted to be mounted onto an interior portion of a building or other structure to receive or transmit radiation through a first dielectric material, such as a window, associated with the building or other structure. The antenna includes a receiving/transmitting horn filled with a second dielectric material and a surface for mounting the antenna to the first dielectric material so that the horn is disposed at a particular angle with respect to a surface of the first dielectric material. A matching layer may be disposed between the first dielectric material and the second dielectric material to provide for a reflectionless match between the first and second dielectric materials.

Abstract: The inline coaxial balun fed cornu flared horn antenna is formed by transitioning a coaxial transmission line to a parallel-plate transmission line with a Klopfenstein impedance profile and terminating with a flared horn antenna based on a scaled cornu spiral. The cornu spiral is a mathematical plane curve formed by parametrically plotting the scaled cosine Fresnel integral versus the scaled sine Fresnel integral. The antenna has the property that the curvature of the flare increases linearly in proportion to the arc length of the flare. The Klopfenstein impedance profile of the inline balun ensures a low voltage reflection across a wide bandwidth with a minimum transition length and together with the cornu flare satisfies the requirements for a wideband design.

Abstract: Horn antenna (10) produces an electromagnetic energy field and includes waveguide (12) for generating an electromagnetic field having an electric field (52, 54, 56) and magnetic field (58 and 60). Horn portion (14) expands the electric field (52, 54, 56) and magnetic field (50, 60), and produces therefrom an electromagnetic energy field (34) at radiating aperture (29) of horn portion (14). Dielectric portion (32) is positioned within horn portion (14) and includes a sheet (32) of dielectric material that has a relatively uniform thickness. The dielectric portion (32) is placed across horn portion (14) perpendicular to electric field (52, 54, 56) to yield cosinusoidal electromagnetic field (34) at radiating aperture (29).

Abstract: A leakage dielectric waveguide includes a housing made of plane-shaped electrical conductors located parallel to each other, and a dielectric strip for propagating a high-frequency wave between the parallel electrical conductors, wherein the dielectric strip is provided within the housing. The housing is arranged to be asymmetrical, thereby leaking and radiating a high-frequency wave propagating through the dielectric strip. The housing is preferably further composed of the plane-shaped parallel electrical conductors and a side wall. A plane antenna includes the above-mentioned leakage dielectric waveguide, and a projecting device for projecting the high-frequency wave toward a free space in response to a high-frequency wave being projected from the dielectric waveguide.

Abstract: A diverging shall antenna fed by a waveguide supplying TE.sub.11 mode is described. A dielectric rod partially contained within the waveguide converts the TE.sub.11 mode to a dominant or HE.sub.11 mode. The HE.sub.11 mode is controllably converted to second and third order modes in the diverging shell by discontinuities placed in predetermined locations in the diverging shell. The discontinuities generating the second mode are incorporated into the dielectric rod structure. Turning of the relative amplitude and phase of the second and third order modes relative to the HE.sub.11 mode is achieved by slideably positioning the dielectric rod. An alternative embodiment of the inventive device includes a reactive surface of the diverging shell.

Abstract: A continuous transverse stub antenna array that comprises phase tuning sections disposed between adjacent stub elements. The antenna array includes a sheet of dielectric material having a plurality of transverse stub elements extending from a first surface thereof. A first metal layer is disposed on the first surface and side surfaces of each of the stub elements, and a second metal layer is disposed on a second surface of the sheet of dielectric material that forms a ground plane of the array. A plurality of tuning sections are formed in the sheet of dielectric material and are disposed between each of the stub elements that extend laterally across the sheet of dielectric material. The plurality of tuning sections have a cross sectional shape in the form of an inverted T. Each of the tuning section comprises a first parallel plate section comprising dielectric material, a first quarter-wavelength transformer section, a second parallel plate section that is partially filled with dielectric material.

Abstract: Directed millimeter wave radiation from internal elements of a microwave circuit through the housing cover, housing base, and side walls of a hermetically-sealed MMIC integrated subsystem assembly uses a waffle-wall array of conductive posts as a band rejection filter to provide walls which guide the radiated waves through a hermetically sealed window in the housing base for waveguide propagation or to a dielectric side wall or cover to radiate energy therethrough. For a waveguide launch, the launch probe is printed on a TEM mode microstrip transmission line substrate and is located over or on a dielectric window formed at the end of an air filled waveguide. A waveguide-like mode of propagation is launched perpendicular to the microstrip substrate and the energy is transmitted through the dielectric window into the air dielectric waveguide which extends through the housing base.

Abstract: A dielectric inset mountable within a conical horn antenna for focusing an impinging electromagnetic wave front as a planar wave front at an attached wave guide. In one construction a homogeneous inset having an ellipsoidal forward surface and conical aft surface is fitted into a double flared conical antenna including a cylindrical, hybrid mode matching section. In various alternative compound constructions, materials of differing dielectric constants and geometrical shapes are arranged to facilitate a size and weight reduction of the inset and focus the incident wave front relative to the wave guide. In other embodiments, still lower density materials, including suspended metallic particulates are used.

Abstract: A small aperture horn antenna comprising an outer conical shell and interiorly of which are formed at least first and second conically flared, dielectric-coated stages of differing flare angles which are coupled to one another via an intermediate cylindrical stage. The dielectric coating is applied to form a uniformly smooth horn interior surface. Mountable to the antenna input aperture are various reflective and homogeneous dielectric refractive focusing lenses and to the output is a low noise waveguide converter. A remotely controlled, axial mount assembly enclosed in a gas-filled, roof mountable radome is also disclosed. Alternatively, the same antenna geometry may be used to transmit a directive electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A fabricated dielectric aperture assembly includes a first layer of electrically conductive material having an opening therethrough to define a first aperture, a second layer of electrically conductive material spaced from the first electrically conductive layer and having an opening therethrough to define a second aperture and a plurality of solid dielectric layers interposed between the first and second layers of electrically conductive material. The first and second layers of electrically conductive material with the multiple layers of dielectric material interposed therebetween form a generally laminar assembly. A grid-like structure is embedded in the laminar assembly and extends between the first and second electrically conductive layers. The grid-like structure has an inner wall, an outer wall portion, an interior bounded by the inner wall and a plurality of openings extending from the inner wall to the outer wall.

Abstract: A conical horn antenna applicable to plural modes of electromagnetic waves is substantially composed of a feed waveguide positioned on the base end side and feeding a dominant mode of an electromagnetic wave, a conical horn positioned on the fore end side and radiating electromagnetic waves of plural modes including dominant and higher modes, and a desired mode of electromagnetic wave generating portion provided between the feed waveguide and the conical horn and generating an electromagnetic wave of a desired higher mode.