Abstract: An antenna unit includes a housing, a substrate, and an antenna. The housing includes a bottom wall, first and second side walls extending upward from the corresponding side edges of the bottom wall, a rear wall extending upward from the rear edge of the bottom wall, and an upper wall extending from the upper edge of the first side wall toward the second side wall leaving a gap between an edge of the upper wall and the second side wall. The substrate is fixed to the upper wall, and a part of the substrate projects from the edge of the upper wall to a position that is closer to the second side wall than is the edge of the upper wall. The antenna is fixed to the part of the substrate projecting from the edge of the upper wall such that a radio-wave emitting aperture of the antenna faces forward.

Abstract: A bottom feed cavity aperture antenna is provided. The bottom feed cavity aperture antenna includes a patch and a ground structure. The patch feeds a signal to the bottom feed cavity aperture antenna. The ground structure includes a continuous wall, and a top end and a bottom end, wherein the continuous wall surrounds the patch, a thickness of the ground structure is formed between the top end and the bottom end, a patch height is formed between the patch and the bottom end, and a ratio of the patch height to the thickness is substantially lower than 1/2, and a magnetic field is formed at the top end, and magnetic resonance directions of the magnetic field are parallel to a first axis.

Abstract: A circular polarization antenna includes a substrate, a ground plane, a tuning stub, a feeding element, and a cavity structure. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface. The feeding element is disposed on the first surface of the substrate. The ground plane is disposed on the second surface of the substrate and has a hole. The tuning stub is disposed on the second surface of the substrate and connected to the edge of the hole. The cavity structure is connected to the ground plane and configured to reflect an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: Conformal antennas and methods for radiating radio frequency energy using conformal antennas are provided. In particular, one or more tapered feeds can be provided as part of or interconnected to a conductive top plate. The one or more tapered feeds have a depth that decreases from a feed point to a tip. The tip of the one or more tapered feeds is adjacent a cavity formed over a lens region. An aperture over the lens region can be covered or filled by an impedance surface. This impedance surface may comprise a frequency selective surface. Alternatively, a frequency selective surface can be provided over the lens region of an antenna incorporating one or more stripline feeds.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. In the apparatus, there is an antenna package and an integrated circuit (IC). A circuit trace assembly is secured to the IC. A coupler (with an antenna assembly and a high impedance surface (HIS)) is secured to the circuit trace assembly. An antenna assembly has a window region, a conductive region that substantially surrounds the window region, a circular patch antenna that is in communication with the IC, and an elliptical patch antenna that is located within the window region, that is extends over at least a portion of the circular patch antenna, and that is in communication with the circular patch antenna. The HIS substantially surrounds the antenna assembly.

Abstract: A technique for suppressing backwaves employs a photonic approach. In one aspect, the technique includes an apparatus, including: a radiating element; and a microwave-photonic device for suppressing backwaves from the radiating element. In a second aspect, the technique includes a method for removing unwanted radiation from a radiating device, comprising: receiving unwanted radiation from the radiating device; communicating the received radiation to an electro-optically active material; communicating laser light to the electro-optically active material; communicating electromagnetic products of interactions between the radiation and the laser light to a photodiode; and communicating photodiode outputs to a termination.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with antenna structures. The antenna structures may include a plate antenna. The electronic device may have a conductive housing such as a metal housing with an opening. A dielectric antenna window may be formed within the opening. A dielectric support structure such as a flexible printed circuit may overlap the opening. A conductive trace on the dielectric support structure may form an antenna resonating element plate for the plate antenna. The plate may have a periphery that is separated from adjacent portions of the metal housing by a gap. The antenna resonating element plate may have a rectangular shape with a bend that lies along an edge of the conductive housing. The dielectric antenna window may have a bend that also lies along the edge of the conductive housing.

Abstract: A metamaterial for a radio frequency communications apparatus is disclosed. The metamaterial can comprise a flex circuit and an array of circuit elements mounted on the flex circuit. Each of the circuit elements can comprise a conductive trace and at least one hybrid component electrically coupled to the conductive trace.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fluidic structure is disclosed. A cavity that defines a shape of an element of the fluidic structure within a material is formed. The cavity is filled with liquid metal. The cavity is sealed. The fluidic structure behaves as an antenna. A fluidic antenna includes a material that defines a shape of the fluidic antenna by a cavity filled with liquid metal formed within the material, where the material further defines at least one mechanical property of the fluidic antenna.

Abstract: Provided is a radiator transition assembly for exciting a long slot radiator of an antenna, the transition assembly including a folded flexible circuit substrate including at least two folds forming a long slot radiator, an excitation circuitry configured to generate signals for exciting the long slot radiator, and a microstrip transmission line coupled to the excitation circuitry and positioned along the folded flexible circuit substrate, where the microstrip transmission line extends across an opening of the long slot radiator.

Abstract: A housing for a wireless communications device includes a metal cover. An aperture is formed in the metal cover adjacent an antenna to limit interference with transmissions through the antenna, while providing structural strength to the housing. The opposing side of the housing is made from a material that allows transmission from the antenna with limited interference, thereby providing omni-directional transmissions.

Abstract: An implantable medical device includes a housing. An opening is present in the housing. The implantable medical device includes an antenna in the housing, where the antenna is located below the opening. The implantable medical device includes a cover coupled to edges of the housing defining the opening to close the opening. The cover enables passage of radio frequency signals at one or more communication frequencies to and from the antenna. The implantable medical device also includes an antenna shield positioned above the cover. The antenna shield reduces passage of radio frequency signals to and from at least a portion of the antenna during use.

Abstract: An antenna element and a phased array antenna including a plurality of such antenna elements are described. The antenna element includes a waveguide configured for operating in a below-cutoff mode and having a cavity, an exciter configured for exciting the waveguide, and a shield. The shield includes a holder arranged within the cavity, and a front plate mounted on the holder and disposed over at least a part of the exciter.

Abstract: A composite magnetic antenna for information communication utilizes a magnetic field component as well as a composite RF tag using the composite magnetic antenna, which can be embedded in metals while maintaining a sufficient communication sensitivity unlike conventional RF tags which are unusable in the metal embedding applications. The composite RF tag for transmitting and receiving information using an electromagnetic induction method includes a magnetic antenna on which an IC is mounted, and an insulating material and a metal material or a conductive material which are formed around the magnetic antenna. The magnetic antenna includes a central core formed of a magnetic material, and an electrode material formed into a coil around the central core. The insulating material is formed around the magnetic antenna except for one longitudinal end of the coil of the magnetic antenna. The metal material or the conductive material is formed on an outside of the insulating material.

Abstract: A housing for a wireless communications device includes a metal cover. An aperture is formed in the metal cover adjacent an antenna to limit interference with transmissions through the antenna, while providing structural strength to the housing. The opposing side of the housing is made from a material that allows transmission from the antenna with limited interference, thereby providing omni-directional transmissions.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention provides a configurable ground plane for a matched antenna so that by configuring or changing the ground plane shape in a controlled manner, a change in the radiation pattern can be achieved such that the main beam of the antenna is steered in a particular direction, and a null in another direction. According to one aspect of the present invention, antennas such as monopole or patch antennas with a configurable ground plane of the present invention with a plurality of configurable sectors can be made to change in shape, size and conductivity. Such ground plane modifications can be used to select the direction of maximum gain away from a direction of interference, such in the case of tactical jamming. Likewise, the ground plane modifications can be used to steer the maximum directivity of an antenna in a desired direction for increased signal integrity.

Abstract: An implantable medical device includes a case having a conductive housing defining an opening. A dielectric material is coupled to the conductive housing to hermetically seal the opening. An antenna is within the case under the dielectric material. A header block is coupled to the case over the dielectric material.

Abstract: An electronic device may have a housing with conductive housing walls. A dielectric antenna window may be formed in an opening in one of the conductive housing walls. A dielectric logo may form the dielectric antenna window. A dielectric support structure may have an outline that matches the dielectric logo. An antenna resonating element for an antenna may be formed on the dielectric support structure. An antenna cavity for the antenna may be formed by a conductive cavity structure. A pattern of voids in the dielectric support structure may reduce dielectric loading for the antenna. The conductive cavity structure may be formed from solderable plated metal. The conductive cavity structure may have a planar lip that is attached to the conductive housing walls using conductive adhesive. Rear wall portions of the conductive cavity structure may be oriented at a non-perpendicular non-zero angle with respect to the planar lip.

Abstract: The antenna has an antenna element and a feed tower for forming a feed to the antenna element. In addition, the antenna has a dielectric support plate, which is mechanically fastened to the first end of the feed tower. The antenna element is in the form of a folded dipole, and it consists of metal strips connected with each other on at least two surfaces of the dielectric support plate. At the first end, the feed tower is electrically connected to two different points of the antenna element.

Abstract: A micropatch antenna system with simultaneous high bandwidth and low sensitivity to multipath radiation is achieved by positioning a radiating element within a cavity in a ground plane. Bandwidth and sensitivity to multipath radiation may be varied by varying the height of the radiating element above the bottom of the cavity and above the top of the ground plane. The electromagnetic and physical characteristics of the antenna system may be further controlled by introducing dielectric solids or wave-slowing structures between the bottom of the cavity and the radiating element. A dual-band micropatch antenna system with simultaneous high bandwidth and low sensitivity to multipath radiation may be similarly configured by stacking a second radiating element on top of the first radiating element.

Abstract: A cavity antenna for an electronic device such as a portable computer is provided. The antenna may be formed from a conductive cavity and an antenna probe that serves as an antenna feed. The conductive cavity may have the shape of a folded rectangular cavity. A dielectric support structure may be used in forming the antenna cavity. A fin may protrude from one end of the dielectric support structure. The antenna probe may be formed from conductive structures mounted on the fin. An inverted-F antenna configuration or other antenna configuration may be used in forming the antenna probe. The electronic device may have a housing with conductive walls. When the cavity antenna mounted within an electronic device, a planar rectangular end face of the fin may protrude through a thin rectangular opening in the conductive walls to allow the antenna to operate without being blocked by the housing.

Abstract: Antennas for electronic devices such as portable computers are provided. An antenna may be formed from a conductive cavity and an antenna probe that serves as an antenna feed. The conductive cavity may have the shape of a quartered rectangular cavity and may have first and second side walls, top and bottom walls, and first and second openings. The first and second openings may be planar in shape and may meet at a right angle along an axis. The antenna probe may be disposed along the axis. The axis at which the first and second openings of the cavity meet may be located at the corner of an electronic device housing. The portable computer may have upper and lower housing portions that meet at a gasket. The gasket may be placed adjacent to the cavity face openings so that radio-frequency signals may enter and exit the cavity through the gasket.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flush-mounted aircraft, UAV or missile antenna system, which is an integral part of the fuselage (3) of an aircraft, UAV or missile. The antenna system comprises a surface (3) made of a conductive material and a resonant recess (4) formed in said conducting surface, wherein said recess is conformed to provide a resonant behaviour in a selected operating frequency, the antenna system further comprising a radiating element (2) located within said recess and a feeding element (5) within said recess coupled to said radiating element.

Abstract: An antenna unit includes a housing, a substrate, and an antenna. The housing includes a bottom wall, first and second side walls extending upward from the corresponding side edges of the bottom wall, a rear wall extending upward from the rear edge of the bottom wall, and an upper wall extending from the upper edge of the first side wall toward the second side wall leaving a gap between an edge of the upper wall and the second side wall. The substrate is fixed to the upper wall, and a part of the substrate projects from the edge of the upper wall to a position that is closer to the second side wall than is the edge of the upper wall. The antenna is fixed to the part of the substrate projecting from the edge of the upper wall such that a radio-wave emitting aperture of the antenna faces forward.

Abstract: A structural phased array antenna and method for manufacturing are disclosed. An integrated structural antenna aperture can be used to reduce net weight, cost, and volume where an array of antenna elements are incorporated into a structural member, e.g. in a spacecraft. A structural material layer, such as a structural foam, may be used with the array of individual antenna element cavities machined into the layer. The antenna element cavities are lined with a conductive material, such as plated aluminum. Facesheets may be bonded to the front and/or backside of the structural material layer in order to increase strength and/or stiffness using an RF transparent material. The array of antenna elements may be coupled to filters at the back side of structural material layer.

Abstract: A miniature conformal antenna is provided with a polarization-independent output by using quadrature elements at the mouth of a cavity and by processing the RHCP and LHCP outputs of the elements to arrive at a polarization-dependent solution; and then correcting the angle of arrival result by electronically rotating the antenna, measuring the amplitude difference between element pairs at various angles, generating an amplitude difference curve and deriving an angular correction factor therefrom.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a backfire antenna comprises a cup-shaped member defining an outer aperture and an interior cavity, a splash-plate disposed within a plane, and a dipole assembly comprising first and second arms. The first and second arms are both oriented non-parallel to the splash-plate towards the plane.

Abstract: A patch antenna element includes a parasitic patch which is positioned on a top surface of a substrate. Located beneath the parasitic patch is a driven patch. The driven patch is coupled either directly or capacitively to the center conductor of a coaxial cable and hence provides a signal which signal is coupled to the parasitic patch. The parasitic patch, as well as the driven patch is surrounded by a metal wall cavity. The metal wall cavity increases mutual coupling between antenna patch elements of similar types. Disposed between the parasitic patch and the driven patch are septa elements. The septa elements are oriented parallel to the edges of the patch and are DC connected to the cavity metal sidewalls. The septa operate to reduce total cavity thickness and patch to patch mutual coupling while further allowing control of the bandwidth.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave antenna for flip-chip semiconductor modules, comprising two semiconductor substrates which are metallized on the surface thereof. Patch antennas, i.e. metallized flat areas which are insulated from the rest of the circuit on an outer surface of a module with a supply line to the circuit, are already known per se. They result in vertical radiation at a relatively large angle. According to the invention, a closed group of bumps are arranged in such a way that the distance of the bumps (2) to each other is less than the half wavelength (?/2) of the microsignal which is to be radiated or received and an open radiation slot arises in at least one pair of side walls (3,4) of the semiconductor substrates (a,b) and a bump, which is connected to the circuit of the semiconductor module, is arranged between the bumps (2) and the radiation slot, enabling the microwave antenna to be excited.

Abstract: Embedded surface wave antenna elements incorporating different dielectric materials or other features are provided. The different dielectric materials can arranged adjacent a feed, to absorb energy that can cause undesirable reflections in the antenna element. In addition or alternatively, different dielectric materials can be arranged to alter the velocity of energy through the antenna element, and to control or attenuate the formation of nulls in the far field at angles of interest. The control or attenuation of nulls in the far field at angles of interest can further be controlled through contouring an antenna element ground plane in a lens region of the antenna element. A buried feed arrangement is also described.

Abstract: The present invention provides an antenna comprising at least two arrays comprising respective pluralities of radiating elements in alignment, disposed in parallel planes, and metal screens interposed between the arrays, the antenna being characterized in that each metal screen comprises a bottom portion facing non-radiating portions of the radiating elements and comprising respective plane sheets disposed in planes parallel to the planes of the arrays, and top portions facing the radiating portions of the radiating elements and comprising panels, each forming an angle with the planes of the bottom portions. Preferably, each panel is oriented in alternation in one direction and in another direction on either side of the plane of the bottom portion. Advantageously, each panel comprises two wings connected to a central zone attached to the bottom portion of the screen.

Abstract: An antenna structure including a ground plate, a hollow bolt, and a conductive conical dome is provided. The hollow bolt passes through the ground plate, and a signal wire is laid in the hollow bolt. An insulator is disposed between the signal wire and the hollow bolt for providing electrical isolation therebetween. The conductive conical dome is connected with one end of the signal wire. The hollow bolt and a nut are provided to fix the antenna on a wall or a ceiling. Since the signal wire is laid in the hollow bolt, the signal wire can be connected to a signal source only by connecting a signal cable to the hollow bolt.

Abstract: A planar antenna fitted with a reflector of small shape and small depth. A reflector 21 of planar shape is provided at the rear face of a radiator 20 of planar shape made of a triangular loop element. The side sections 21b on both sides of the reflector 21 are bent towards the radiator 20 and the separation .alpha.2 between the leading edges of the side sections 21b and the side edges of the radiator 20 is thereby reduced. In this way, an excellent electrical characteristic of the planar antenna 2 fitted with a reflector and can be achieved by reducing the separation D2 of the radiator 20 and reflector 21.

Abstract: A wideband meander line loaded antenna is configured to be flush mounted to a conductive surface serving as a ground plane by embedding the meander line components within a conductive cavity surrounded at its top edge by the ground plane. The antenna thus looks out of a cavity recessed in the surface. By permitting flush mounting the meander line antenna, not only can the antenna dimensions be minimized due to the use of the meander line loaded antenna configuration, but in aircraft applications no part of the antenna exists above the skin of the aircraft, thereby to minimize turbulent flow. Also disclosed is a method and apparatus in which a lossy dielectric is placed across the feed points of a loop type meander line loaded antenna to markedly decrease the VSWR to below 3:1, thus to increase the bandwidth of a relatively wideband 3:1 meander line loaded antenna to 6:1.

Abstract: An antenna assembly is disclosed which can minimize interference of antennas for communication services. The antenna assembly is suitable to minimize side-lobes and back-lobes interfering with each other in antennas used in a repeater for communication services. The antenna assembly includes a reflector having a structure capable of minimizing radiation patterns having front-to-back ratio (FTBR) characteristics, namely, back-lobes.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for emission and/or reception of electromagnetic waves for aerodynes, characterised in that it comprises a blade antenna on the top of the fuselage of the aerodyne, a principal reflect-array arranged horizontally at the bottom of the blade antenna, a principal illumination horn arranged at the summit of the blade antenna, the horn illuminating the principal reflect-array, two secondary reflect-arrays arranged vertically on each side of the faces of the blade antenna, two secondary illumination horns arranged at the bottom of the blade antenna in the plane of the principal reflect-array, each horn illuminating one of the secondary reflect-arrays, each reflect-array reflecting waves emitted by the illumination horn illuminating it.

Abstract: A nested cavity embedded loop mode antenna is provided with an ultra wide band response by nesting individual embedded cavity meander line loaded antenna modules, with the meander lines coupled to a ground plane plate either capacitively or directly so as to provide as much as a 27:1 ratio of high frequency to low frequency cutoff. The nested meander line structure is exceptionally compact and eliminates the problem of a null in the antenna radiation pattern perpendicular to the face of the antenna, thus to provide a loop type antenna pattern at all frequencies across which the antenna is to be operated. The use of the nested meander line configuration provides a flush mount for the antenna having a footprint associated with the larger of the meander line cavities and thus the lowest frequency of operation, the nesting precluding the necessity of providing separate side-by-side meander line loaded antennas which would increase the real estate required.

Abstract: A compact multi-polarized antenna for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals, and a method for constructing same, is disclosed. The antenna comprises at least two radiative antenna elements each having a first end and a second end. The second ends of the antenna elements are electrically connected at an apex point and are disposed outwardly away from the apex point at an acute angle relative to and to a first side of an imaginary plane intersecting the apex point. The antenna also includes an electrically conductive, non-planar ground reference located at and/or to a second side of the imaginary plane.

Abstract: An antenna unit comprises a hollow cylindrical member obtained by forming a flexible insulating film member into a hollow cylinder and an antenna pattern composed of a plurality of conductors formed on a peripheral surface of said hollow cylindrical member. A phase shifter pattern is formed on the peripheral surface of the hollow cylindrical member so as to be electrically connected to the antenna pattern. The antenna unit further comprises a hollow cylindrical cover case covering the hollow cylindrical member and a characteristic adjusting member for adjusting an antenna frequency characteristic.

Abstract: A radiating element for a radar array has a conductive shell defining a cavity having an aperture; a dielectric material at least partially covering the aperture, and an excitation device coupled to the cavity for exciting the cavity in a radar band. A radar array has an extended ground plane having openings therein and a radiating element situated in each of the openings, the radiating elements having a conductive shell defining a cavity with an aperture therein, dielectric material at least partially covering the aperture, and an excitation device coupled to the cavity.

Abstract: A patch antenna for operation within a high temperature environment. The patent antenna typically includes an antenna radiating element, a housing and a microwave transmission medium, such as a high temperature microwave cable. The antenna radiating element typically comprises a metallization (or solid metal) element in contact with a dielectric element. The antenna radiating element can include a dielectric window comprising a flame spray coating or a solid dielectric material placed in front of the radiating element. The antenna element is typically inserted into a housing that mechanically captures the antenna and provides a ground plane for the antenna. Orifices or passages can be added to the housing to improve high temperature performance and may direct cooling air for cooling the antenna.

Abstract: Directional wire antennas for use in article or personal tracking and/or inventory monitoring or control systems wherein the antennas are specifically configured to provide a tunable vertical beam angle which is less than their horizontal beam angle. The antennas are modified or non-balanced dipole or monopole structures having non-symmetrical wire legs wherein at least one leg has segments extending angularly in a linear manner in two separate planes. In preferred embodiments the antennas are designed to receive signals from active RFID (radio frequency identification) tags placed on objects to be monitored within confined or defined structures without bleed over of signals from tags placed on objects at different vertical levels of the structure.

Abstract: A planar antenna has a radiating element and a ground plate. A body of a vehicle has an internal edge that is formed by making a hole in the body. The planar antenna is located in the hole so that an imaginary plane of the internal edge is located between the radiating element and the ground plate. In such a structure, electric lines of force perpendicularly pass through the body beside the planar antenna. As a result, electric fields are maintained in the vertical direction even if the planar antenna is mounted on the vehicle. This maintains a horizontal directivity of the planar antenna.

Abstract: In an antenna device having a substantially conical conductive member, having upper and lower sides made open, erected in a substantially vertical direction around a substantially circular microstrip patch provided on the upper side of a substantially circular substrate, the lower opening portion of the conductive member is grounded to a ground plate provided on the lower side of the substrate, and the diameter of the upper opening portion of the conductive member is larger than the diameter of the lower opening portion of the conductive member.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a conformal channel monopole array antenna includes a base plate having a continuous electrically conducting channel formed therein, and a substrate coupled to the base plate. The substrate has a plurality of radiating elements formed on a first surface thereof. Each radiating element includes a radiating portion, a feed line, and a resistive end load. The feed lines are configured to couple to respective ones of a plurality of transmission elements.

Abstract: Method for controlling an input impedance of an antenna (100). The method can include the steps of coupling RF energy from an input RF transmission line (106) to an antenna radiating element (102) through an aperture (112) defined in a ground plane (110). For example, the aperture (112) can be a slot and the radiating element (102) can be a patch type element. The input impedance can thereafter be controlled by selectively varying a volume or a position of a conductive fluid (128) disposed in a predetermined region between the RF transmission line and the antenna radiating element. The volume of conductive fluid (128) can be automatically varied in response to at least one control signal (132).

Abstract: A patch antenna apparatus includes an antenna element and a metal frame, which are disposed on a ground plane. The antenna element has a dielectric substrate, which has a patch electrode on the top surface and has a ground electrode on the bottom surface. The patch electrode is connected to current-feed pins. The metal frame is positioned so as to surround the peripheral surface of the dielectric substrate. The height dimension of the metal frame is set to be slightly larger than the thickness dimension of the dielectric substrate. Electromagnetic radiation radiated from the antenna element is reflected upon reaching the metal frame. Thus, the metal frame causes interference with the electromagnetic radiation such that the traveling direction of the electromagnetic radiation is redirected closer to the lateral direction.

Abstract: In an antenna unit including a patch antenna, the antenna unit is provided with a non-feeding conductor wall so as to enclose the patch antenna. The conductor wall is, for example, made of metal. The conductor wall has a square main conductor plate apart from a bottom surface of the patch antenna, four side plates extending upward from four sides of the main conductor plate, and four trapezoidal tongue pieces extending inward from upper ends of the four side plates in parallel with the main conductor plate.

Abstract: An underground telemetry system having an antenna system having at least one metallic radiating element having a single or a dual top loaded folded monopole configuration and disposed within a metallic housing and having RF electronics to self-calibrate and tune the input impedance of the antenna elements.

Abstract: A multi-polarized forward feed and dish configuration for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals is disclosed. The configuration comprises a conductive reflector dish, having a focal point and a vertex point, and a multi-polarized forward feed element positioned substantially at the focal point. The forward feed element comprises at least two radiative members each having a first end and a second end. The second ends of the radiative members are electrically connected at an apex point and are each disposed outwardly away from the apex point toward the vertex point at an acute angle relative to an imaginary plane intersecting the apex point.