Abstract: A multi-input multi-output antenna system capable of being disposed in an electronic device and the electronic device including the antenna system have a low-frequency antenna assembly and a high-frequency antenna assembly. The low-frequency antenna assembly includes multiple low-frequency antennas that are spaced apart from each other by a distance. The high-frequency antenna assembly includes multiple high-frequency antennas that are spaced apart from each other by a distance. One of the high-frequency antennas is structured as a low-profile dish antenna and is located between the low-frequency antennas, so that the antenna system has smaller volume and height, and better isolation and radiation patterns.

Abstract: A deployable antenna system for deployment in an extraterrestrial environment is provided, the deployable antenna system comprising a deployment mechanism including one or more extendable support structures comprising at least one axial support structure adapted to extend in a z-direction parallel to a z-axis in the deployable antenna system and a deployable antenna attached to the one or more extendable support structures and adapted to be stowed in an undeployed state and to be unfurled into a deployed state by the deployment mechanism, the deployable antenna being further adapted to extend and unfurl during deployment from the deployment mechanism in the z-direction responsive to extension of the at least one axial support structure, the deployable antenna including one or more flexible membranes coupled to the at least one axial support structure and extending from the z-axis in the deployed state.

Abstract: The antenna includes: a reflective member including a flat part; a first antenna element disposed on the flat part of the reflective member, the first antenna element being configured to transmit and receive radio waves of a first polarization; a second antenna element disposed on the flat part of the reflective member, one end of the second antenna element being located close to one end of the first antenna element, the second antenna element being configured to transmit and receive radio waves of a second polarization different from the first polarization; and a conductive member disposed close to the one ends of the first antenna element and the second antenna element and near a point of intersection where the first antenna element and the second antenna element meet when extended.

Abstract: A novel and useful a single layer RFIC/MMIC structure including a package and related redistribution layer (RDL) based low loss grounded coplanar transmission line. The structure includes a package molded around an RF circuit die with a single redistribution layer (RDL) fabricated on the surface thereof mounted on an RF printed circuit board (PCB) via a plurality of solder balls. Coplanar transmission lines are fabricated on the RDL to conduct RF output signals from the die to PCB signal solder balls. The signal trace transition to the solder balls are funnel shaped to minimize insertion loss and maximize RF isolation between channels. A conductive ground shield is fabricated on the single RDL and operative to shield the plurality of coplanar transmission lines.

Abstract: A wireless power transmission device radiating electromagnetic waves is disclosed. The wireless power transmission device can comprise: a first circuit board; a first conductive member mounted on a first surface of the first circuit board; a first ground member mounted on a second surface facing opposite from the first surface; and an electrical circuit disposed on a position, on the second surface of the first circuit board, which does not overlap the first ground member and for controlling the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the first circuit board.

Abstract: C-fed antenna formed on multi-layer printed circuit board edge A patch antenna (120) comprises an antenna patch (121) and a feeding patch (125) configured for capacitive feeding of the antenna patch (121). The antenna patch (121) is formed of multiple conductive strips (122) extending in a horizontal direction along an edge of a multi-layer printed circuit board (PCB). The multi-layer PCB has multiple layers stacked along a vertical direction. Each of the conductive strips (122) of the antenna patch (121) is arranged on a different layer of the multi-layer PCB. The conductive strips (122) are electrically connected to each other by conductive vias (123) extending between two or more of the conductive strips (122) of the antenna patch (121). The feeding patch (125) is formed of multiple conductive strips (126) extending in the horizontal direction. Each of the conductive strips (126) of the feeding patch (125) is arranged on a different layer of the multilayer PCB.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a main radiation element, a first feeding element, a first additional radiation element, a dielectric substrate, and a ground plane. A first signal source is coupled through the first feeding element to a first side of the main radiation element. The first additional radiation element is coupled to a second side of the main radiation element. A first slot is formed between the first additional radiation element and the main radiation element. The second side is different from the first side. The dielectric substrate has a first surface and a second surface which are opposite to each other. The main radiation element, the first feeding element, and the first additional radiation element are disposed on the first surface of the dielectric substrate. The ground plane is adjacent to the second surface of the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A space deployable antenna apparatus includes an inflatable antenna configurable between a deflated storage position and an inflated deployed position. The inflatable antenna includes collapsible tubular elements coupled together in fluid communication. The collapsible tubular elements in the deployed position include a longitudinally extending boom tubular element, at least one driven tubular conductive element transverse to the boom tubular element, at least one reflector tubular conductive element transverse to the boom tubular element, and at least one director tubular conductive element transverse to the boom tubular element. A foam dispenser is configured to inject a solidifiable foam into the inflatable antenna to configure to the inflated deployed position.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to a base station for providing air-to-ground wireless communication over various altitudes. The base station includes a first antenna array comprising one or more antennas configured to form a first cell coverage area extending substantially from a horizon up to a first elevation angle away from the first antenna array to a predetermined distance from the first antenna array. The base station further includes a second antenna array configured at an uptilt elevation angle to form a second cell coverage area extending at least from the first elevation angle to a second elevation away from the second antenna array, wherein the first cell coverage area and the second cell coverage area are concentric to define the ATG cell at least to the predetermined distance and up to a predetermined elevation.

Abstract: A method for target location approximation using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is provided with an OFDM device that consists of a wireless terminal and a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna. In order to derive a location approximation, a pilot uplink signal is transmitted through the wireless terminal towards at least one intended target. The pilot uplink signal that is transmitted is encoded as a direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). Next, a reflected-pilot uplink signal is identified from an ambient signal that returns after the initial transmission. The reflected-pilot uplink signal is decoded to retrieve the original data embedded in the pilot uplink signal. A matching time delay is calculated between the pilot uplink signal and the reflected-pilot uplink signal. A direction of arrival (DOA) is determined from the MIMO antenna. Finally, the matching time delay and the DOA are used for location approximation.

Abstract: A method and system for detecting PIM signals in a wireless communication base station are disclosed. According to one aspect, a method includes receiving radio frequency, RF, signals over a frequency band spanning a plurality of frequencies of signals transmitted by at least a first transmitter external to the base station and at least a second transmitter. The method includes determining frequencies at which signals are present among the received radio frequency signals. PIM signal frequencies are calculated based on the determined frequencies at which signals are present. The method includes determining whether the calculated PIM signal frequencies interfere with selected uplink channels.

Abstract: An antenna includes a feeding element and at least one non-feeding element. A vertical distance between each non-feeding element and the feeding element falls within a specified threshold, each non-feeding element includes a first conductor that is grounded, a regulator circuit, and a control switch disposed on the first conductor and configured to control the regulator circuit, where the regulator circuit is configured to regulate a current path length of the non-feeding element. The non-feeding element forms a reflector when the regulator circuit is enabled, or the non-feeding element forms a director when the regulator circuit is disabled. A design in which the reflector and the director are compatible is used such that a combination of one feeding element, M directors and N reflectors is implemented for the antenna to achieve a high directive gain and interference suppression capability.

Abstract: A mobile device includes a nonconductive mechanism element and an antenna structure. The antenna structure is formed over the nonconductive mechanism element. The antenna structure includes a feeding connection element, a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a grounding connection element, and a third radiation element. The feeding connection element is coupled to a feeding point. A first end of the first radiation element is coupled to the feeding connection element, and a second end of the first radiation element is open. A first end of the second radiation element is coupled to the feeding connection element, and a second end of the second radiation element is open. The grounding connection element is coupled to a grounding point. A first end of the third radiation element is coupled to the grounding connection element, and a second end of the third radiation element is open.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure may be directed to a wrap-around antenna capable of being wrapped around a support structure to provide antenna patterns for a communication system. Such an assembly may be aesthetically pleasing and, because the antenna assembly allows for radiation away from the support structure, scattering effects due to interference from the support structure may be eliminated.

Abstract: A passive antenna guard system includes an antenna guard at a location of the antenna and mounted on a common mount therewith which facilitates movement of the antenna from the path of an object responsive to the object contacting the antenna guard. The system may include a balance system which allows the antenna and antenna guard to spring back into place after the object clears the antenna guard.

Abstract: Antenna systems and related methods are disclosed. An antenna system includes an antenna controller configured to operably couple to control inputs of an antenna including an array of electromagnetic (EM) scattering elements. A method includes controlling an array of EM scattering elements to operate according to holographic modulation patterns, and modulating at least one effective EM property of the antenna over space, time, or a combination thereof to, in the average and/or the aggregate, cause side lobes of an antenna gain of the antenna to be reduced.

Abstract: An antenna-integrated radio frequency (RF) module includes a multilayer substrate disposed between an integrated chip (IC) and patch antennas, signal vias, and ground members. The IC is configured to generate RF signals. The signal vias are configured to connect and transmit/receive the RF signals from each of the patch antennas to the IC. The ground members are disposed on an outer surface layer and intermediate surface layers of the multilayer substrate to surround each of the patch antennas and the signal vias.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a fully integrated self-contained radio device including an antenna and an antenna element. The radio device and the antenna element are arranged such that a radio signal emitted by the antenna of the radio device is amplified in at least one predefined spatial direction.

Abstract: Example apparatuses and methods relating to antennas are provided. An example apparatus in the form of an antenna assembly includes a first conductor formed into a first helical structure wound around a central axis and a second conductor formed into a second helical structure wound around the central axis. The first helical structure may have a first coil sense and the second helical structure may have second coil sense that is opposite the first coil sense. The first conductor may have a first conductor proximal end and a first conductor distal end and the second conductor may have a second conductor proximal end and a second conductor distal end. The first conductor distal end may be adjacent the second conductor proximal end. The antenna assembly may further include first, second, and third ground planes with one disposed at each end of the conductors and one disposed between the conductors.

Abstract: Disclosed are a NFC antenna module which maximizes antenna performance by mounting a radiation sheet in such a manner as to overlap a part of an antenna sheet and a portable terminal comprising the same. The disclosed NFC antenna module comprises: a first antenna sheet having a first radiation pattern formed along the outer periphery of a first central portion; a second antenna sheet having a second radiation pattern formed along the outer periphery of a second central portion in such a manner as to partially overlap with the first radiation pattern; and an electromagnetic wave shielding sheet laminated on the first antenna sheet and the second antenna sheet.

Abstract: A multiple input, multiple output (“MIMO”) antenna system is provided for operation on a radio frequency (“RF”) module that may be used in a wireless access device. The MIMO antenna system includes a plurality of multi-band antenna elements connected to a radio in a MIMO configuration. The multi-band antenna elements and the radio are configured to operate on an RF module. A reflector is formed on the RF module to contain the plurality of multi-band antenna elements and a common director is positioned in front of the multi-band antenna elements to concentrate signal communication in a sector. The plurality of multi-band antenna elements are oriented to provide a sector coverage pattern formed by beam patterns generated by each of the multi-band antenna elements.

Abstract: A modulation method of a baseband signal, an apparatus thereof, and a receiving apparatus thereof in a beam space MIMO are disclosed. The baseband signal modulation apparatus may calculate a load value of a plurality of antenna elements by using the baseband signal. Also, the baseband signal modulation apparatus may change the phase or the magnitude for the baseband signal or a first band signal of a higher frequency than the baseband signal by corresponding to the frequency of the baseband signal.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a feed portion, a ground portion, a first radiating body, a second radiating body and a third radiating body. The first radiating body is connected to the feed portion and configured to obtain a first resonance frequency band. The second radiating body is connected to the feed portion. The third radiating body includes a first connection section connected the ground end, a second connection section, and a third connection section perpendicularly connected between the first connection section and the second connection section. The first connection section and the second connection section are positioned at two opposite sides of the second radiating body so that the third radiating body and the second radiating body cooperatively obtain a second resonance frequency band.

Abstract: Dielectric coupler devices and dielectric coupling systems for communicating EHF electromagnetic signals, and their methods of use. The coupler devices include an electrically conductive body having a major surface, the electrically conductive body defining an elongate recess, and the elongate recess having a floor, where a dielectric body is disposed in the elongate recess and configured to conduct an EHF electromagnetic signal.

Abstract: A broadband antenna is mounted in a metal piece and includes a radiating portion, a ground portion, and a feed portion. The radiating portion includes a main portion and a plurality of radiating arms extending from the main portion in multiple directions, the radiating arms extend to contact the metal piece. The main portion, the radiating arms, and the metal piece enclose several slots. The ground portion is connected to a plurality of end portions of the radiating arms. The feed portion is connected to the metal piece and is adjacent to the radiating portion. The feed portion, the ground portion, the main portion, and the plurality of radiating arms form different current paths, thus to form different resonance nodes, thereby tender the broadband antenna to work at multi frequency bands. A wireless communication device employing the broadband antenna is also described.

Abstract: A system for transmitting or receiving signals may include an integrated circuit (IC), a transducer operatively coupled to the IC for converting between electrical signals and electromagnetic signals; and insulating material that fixes the locations of the transducer and IC in spaced relationship relative to each other. The system may further include a lead frame providing external connections to conductors on the IC. An electromagnetic-energy directing assembly may be mounted relative to the transducer for directing electromagnetic energy in a region including the transducer and in a direction away from the IC. The directing assembly may include the lead frame, a printed circuit board ground plane, or external conductive elements spaced from the transducer. In a receiver, a signal-detector circuit may be responsive to a monitor signal representative of a received first radio-frequency electrical signal for generating a control signal that enables or disables an output from the receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method of performing wireless communication using multiple directional antennas. The transportation means according to the present invention includes at least two communication devices, wherein one of the at least two communication devices, communication device A, includes a directional antenna group 1, and the other communication device, communication device B, includes a directional antenna group 2, and wherein the communication device A performs directional antenna selection control of the directional antenna group 1 included in the communication device A depending on whether the communication device B is connected with a network. According to the present invention, one of the communication devices gains access to a satellite station, a base station, or other ships, at least one antenna of another communication device may be used to relay wireless communication and may play a role as a base station or an AP.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved antenna arrangement which is characterized by the following features: a patch electrode (7) having a patch electrode surface (71) is provided above the dielectric (5) or on the upper face (5a) of the dielectric (5), said patch electrode (7) is fed via a feed line (11) that passes through the dielectric (5) and in doing so is led to a feed point (11a), which is galvanically or capacitively connected to the patch electrode (7). An electrically conductive top patch (23) having a top patch surface (23?) is provided at a distance (D) above the patch electrode (7), said patch electrode (7) and the top patch (23) are arranged perpendicularly to a central axis (Z) passing through the antenna arrangement, said antenna arrangement being formed as a left or right circular polarized antenna arrangement.

Abstract: Described embodiments include an antenna system and method. The antenna system includes a surface scattering antenna that has an electromagnetic waveguide structure and a plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements. The plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements are distributed along the waveguide structure, have a respective activatable electromagnetic response to a guided propagating electromagnetic wave, and produce a controllable radiation pattern. A gain definition circuit defines a radiation pattern configured to acquire a possible interfering signal. The defined antenna radiation pattern has a field of view covering at least a portion of an undesired field of view of an associated antenna. An antenna controller establishes the defined radiation pattern in the surface scattering antenna by activating the respective electromagnetic response of selected electromagnetic wave scattering elements.

Abstract: The outdoor antenna includes multiple directors located respectively on a main rod and two assistant rods, and an inner-swing arm and an outer-swing arm fixed on the main rod and coupled with two ends of the assistant rods. When the inner-swing arm and the outer-swing arm are expanded, the assistant rods are fixed on two sides of the main rod; when the inner-swing arm and the outer-swing arm are folded, the assistant rods are positioned in parallel with the main rod. In use, the inner-swing arm and the outer-swing arm are expanded to allow the assistant rods to move toward the two sides of the main rod and maintain in a certain spatial distance to receive as many radio signals as possible. During transportation and storage, the assistant rods can lean against two sides of the main rod, so that occupied space is reduced to achieve usability.

Abstract: Provided is a planar inverted F antenna including a ground surface having a finite plane and formed of a conductive material, an antenna body at a certain distance from the ground surface and transmitting and receiving radio waves, a feed line for electrically connecting the ground surface and the antenna body, a ground pin for grounding the antenna body to the ground surface, and at least one auxiliary plate disposed between the antenna body and the ground surface. Therefore, it is possible to readily overcome design restrictions of the antenna in keeping with the slimming and miniaturization of mobile communication terminals by installing the auxiliary plate between the ground surface and the antenna body.

Abstract: A dual band antenna having a directive element and a reflective element is disclosed. A first and second antennas are arranged substantially parallel to each other and spaced between approximately 0.5-0.8 times the wavelength of the first antenna. The dual band antenna provides high gain at the zenith and at the horizon and enable v variation in the antenna beam shape as well as a reduction in cross polarization.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a portable housing, at least one wireless transceiver carried by the portable housing, and a satellite positioning signal receiver carried by the portable housing. Moreover, a satellite positioning antenna may be carried by the portable housing. The satellite positioning antenna may include an active element connected to the satellite positioning signal receiver, and a passive element connected to a voltage reference and positioned in spaced apart relation from the active element and operatively coupled thereto for directing a beam pattern thereof.

Abstract: An antenna that resonates at each of at least operating two frequency bands includes a first LC parallel circuit having a first impedance between a feeding element and a feeding circuit, and a second LC parallel circuit having a second impedance between a parasitic element and ground. The feeding element and the parasitic element are configured such that multiple resonant frequencies are positioned between the two operating frequency bands in a case where the impedances of the first and second LC parallel circuits are set to 0, and the LC parallel circuits having the first and second impedances cause the multiple resonance frequencies to shift to an operating frequency band on the lower frequency side and to the higher frequency side, of the two operating frequency bands.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna able to cover two opposite angular sectors comprising: first and second excited elements (10,11) each able to radiate a signal beam at a predetermined frequency, at least two reflector elements (20,21,22,23), called first and second reflector elements, able to reflect said beams in opposite directions. According to the invention, said first and second excited elements (10,11) and said at least two reflector elements (20,21,22,23) are aligned, said reflector elements being disposed between said first and second excited elements. At least two reflector elements from among said at least two reflector elements (20,21,22,23) are connected together electrically by a first transmission line (30) of predetermined length so that the reflector elements connected together participate jointly in reflecting the beams in the two opposite directions.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a reconfigurable antenna structure. The antenna structure comprises an active radiating structure comprising at least an active radiating element, a passive radiating structure comprising at least a passive radiating element, a ground plane structure comprising at least a ground plane element and at least a first circuitry element to selectively electrically connect/disconnect said passive radiating element with/from said ground plane element. The ground plane structure comprises regulating means of the current distribution along said ground plane structure, when said antenna structure emits/receives an electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A device with a substrate lens antenna uses a lens shaped dielectric body located on top of a planar feed antenna. A leaky wave antenna structure is used as feed antenna. The leaky wave antenna structure has a feed input and a first and second wave propagation branch extending from the feed input. The lens shaped dielectric body has a plane surface containing a focal point of the lens shaped dielectric body, the plane surface located adjacent the first plane, with the focal point adjacent the position of the feed input. Preferably the lens shaped dielectric body is spaced from the leaky wave structure at a sufficient distance to remove most of the propagation speed reduction effect of the dielectric on wave propagation along the leaky wave antenna. This helps to suppress undesirable side-lobes.

Abstract: An antenna system is provided for use in wireless communication, the antenna system is contained in a modular structure. The antenna system includes a plurality of co-located antennas, including at least one active modal antenna, each of the antennas being adapted for operation at a distinct frequency band. The antenna system further includes an active tuning module for tuning a frequency response of the co-located antennas.

Abstract: A tube and ring directional end-fire array antenna is provided. The antenna can include a radome, a reflector housing disposed at a first end of the radome, a driven PCB element housed within the radome, a plurality of RF feed connectors disposed on a distal side of the reflector housing and electrically coupled to the driven PCB element, via the reflector housing, and a plurality of assemblies stacked within the radome. The geometry of the plurality of assemblies stacked within the radome can determine a radiation pattern performance of the antenna.

Abstract: A smart antenna assembly includes a driving monopole element and an array of parasitic monopole elements arranged in an annular array around the driving monopole element, wherein the parasitic monopole elements are of bent or curved configuration, bending or curving towards the driving monopole element. Preferably, each parasitic monopole element has a portion thereof which is parallel or substantially parallel to the driving monopole element. The assembly provides a compact steerable antenna assembly.

Abstract: An information storage medium, a managed product and a management system in which the possible communication distance of an IC tag for wireless communication can be improved and the reading direction limitation can be reduced are provided. The information storage medium includes a wireless IC tag in which information is stored, a sheet body including a first spacer, an auxiliary antenna and a second spacer, and an elongated member formed of a conductive material. The elongated member is provided to be opposite to the wireless IC tag with respect to the sheet body. As the elongated member, for example, a part of a tool such as a body portion of a screwdriver can be used.

Abstract: A printed millimeter wave dipole antenna and techniques for designing such an antenna are disclosed. In one embodiment, the dipole antenna comprises: a signal wing and at least one ground wing for propagating signals in a millimeter wave band; and an unbalanced feeding structure directly coupled to the signal wing. The unbalanced feeding structure is boarded by a plurality of escorting vias to ensure equipotential grounds.

Abstract: A structure includes a first conductor plane; a plurality of second conductor planes, at least a portion thereof being provided facing the first conductor plane; a transmission line that is provided with at least a portion thereof facing one conductor plane of the first conductor plane and the second conductor plane, and that is disposed on an opposite side of the other conductor plane with respect to the one conductor plane; and a first conductor connecting portion that electrically connects the transmission line with the other conductor plane, and a unit structure that includes at least the second conductor plane, the transmission line, and the first conductor connecting portion is repeatedly disposed.

Abstract: This multiantenna unit includes a first antenna element, a second antenna element and a non-grounded passive element arranged between the first and second antenna elements. The passive element includes a first portion arranged on a front surface of a substrate and an extensional portion, connected to the first portion, extending perpendicularly to the front surface of the substrate.

Abstract: An antenna, intended to transmit and receive radio waves within a given frequency band, comprises at least one radiating element, placed on a flat reflector, comprising a radiating device disposed within a plane parallel to the reflector's plane, at least one conductive line feeding the radiating element, at least one parasitic element disposed above the radiating element, which comprises a two-dimensional base belonging to a plane parallel to the radiating device's plan, associated with a third dimension that gives it a volumic shape.

Abstract: A circularly polarized patch antenna uses a square quarter-wavelength conductive plate, spaced away from a slightly larger backing conductor. Excitation uses a coaxial feed stem pair, whereof respective inner conductors join the patch at orthogonal locations on a reference circle, and outer conductors intrude past points of joining to the backing conductor to establish gaps that interact with patch and backing conductor size and spacing to jointly establish terminal impedance. A parasitic element in the propagation path broadens bandwidth, while a frame behind serves to define a cavity reflector. A power divider behind the frame converts a single applied broadcast signal into two equal signals with orthogonal phase, which signals are delivered to the feed stems with equal-length coaxial lines.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-beam antenna device capable of achieving two independent multi-beam characteristics using a single antenna unit, and enhanced gain. The multi-beam antenna device comprises a first antenna section, a second antenna section, a first Rotman lens section and a second Rotman lens section, which are laminated together in this order to form a planar antenna module. A first multi-beam characteristic is achieved by the first antenna section and the first Rotman lens section, and a second multi-beam characteristic is achieved by the second antenna section and the second Rotman lens section, independently.

Abstract: An electrically-shortened Yagi antenna includes a boom, a first electrically-shortened end element mounted on the boom, a second electrically-shortened end element mounted on the boom; and an electrically-shortened driven element mounted on the boom and electrically shortened less than the first and second electrically-shortened end elements.

Abstract: A quadrifilar helix antenna system with a finite ground plane has a pair of bifilar helical elements extending upwardly from the finite ground plane. A symmetrical array of monopole elements surrounds the lower portion of the pair of bifilar helical elements in the near field so as to load the lower portion and thereby raise the phase center of the antenna to improve the circularly polarized far-field radiation at low elevation angles.

Abstract: The present invention is load circuit for a parasitic antenna element of a parasitic antenna array. The load circuit may include a DC bias current source, a resistor connected to the DC bias current source, one or more capacitors connected to the resistor, and multiple (ex. —two) diodes connected to the parasitic antenna element. The first diode may be configured for directly connecting the parasitic element to a ground plane of the parasitic antenna array. The second diode may be configured for connecting the parasitic element to the ground plane via the one or more capacitors. The load circuit may be configured for providing a variable (ex. —adjustable) impedance to the parasitic antenna array.