Abstract: The invention relates to a telecommunications radio system for mobile communication services. More specifically, the invention relates to covering large sectorized areas for mobile communication services.

Abstract: A radar device (2) includes plural transmission antennas and plural reception antennas. The reception antennas constitute a reception-side antenna portion (20) and are arranged at an interval of d. The transmission antennas constitute a transmission-side antenna portion (18) and are arranged at an interval of d?=d×(n?1). The path length at which the electric wave is reflected from a target is identical between channels A9 and B1, and seventeen kinds of channels (A1 to A8, A9 or B1, B2 to B9) which are different in path length by every fixed distance are achieved. The data of the channels (A1 to A9 and B1 to B9) using different transmission antennas are respectively collected in different measuring cycles, and an error based on the time difference between the measuring cycles is corrected on the basis of a correction value calculated from the data of the channels A9, B1.

Abstract: A radio frequency transmitting and receiving module having a support housing that has a hexagonal face member mounted to the support housing. This face member has an antenna for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals. Mounted within the support housing is circuitry for (a) conducting radio frequency signals to the antenna for transmission by the antenna, and (b) conducting radio frequency signals received by the antenna from the antenna for processing. Such a module, functioning as a hexagonal power unit core, can be fixed in a honeycomb cellular array employing “plug and play” assembly techniques.

Abstract: An antenna (100) includes an array of telescoping elements (402a–d) connected to and by a conductive disk (404) that feeds a signal to the elements (402a–d) from a matching circuit (506) within a body section (412). Each element (402a–d) has a joint (602, 604) making it individually angularly bendable. The body section (412) is attached to a swivel assembly (414) for adjusting the angle of the array (402a–d). A coaxial cable runs from the matching circuit (506), through the swivel assembly (412) and to a connector (502) within a connector assembly (422) for attachment to a radio.

Abstract: An antenna device comprising: a substrate; a radiation portion including a dielectric block arranged on one principal face of said substrate and a first conductor layer formed in a stereoscopic shape on a surface of said dielectric block; and a grounding conductor including a second conductor layer provided on other principal face of said substrate.

Abstract: An improved antenna array comprises at least four antennas. One antenna receives satellite signals, especially digital satellite signals. One antenna receives terrestrial signals, particularly terrestrially transmitted radio programs. One antenna is provided for the mobile radio sector. One antenna determines the geoposition. The at least four antennas are disposed in a given order such that antenna, antenna, antenna, and antenna are located one behind another from one end of the chassis.

Abstract: A dual-band, dual-polarization LOS/SATCOM antenna having a plurality of omnidirectional elements surrounding a directional element. When the antenna is in an omnidirectional radiating mode, the directional element is disconnected from the circuit and only the omnidirectional elements radiate. The directional element has radiators at one end. When the antenna is in a directional mode, the omnidirectional elements fold out to be perpendicular to the transmission axis and serve as reflectors for the driving radiators, which also fold to be perpendicular to the transmission axis. The radiators and elements are adjustable in length to provide added gain.

Abstract: A device for determining the position of a vehicle on a roadway by using radio waves which are emitted from the device and reflected by the vehicle and received by at least two array antennas (1, 2) arranged across the roadway, wherein the array antennas (1, 2) comprise a number of antenna elements (5–14), one of the antenna elements in the respective array antenna constituting the phase center (5, 10) of the array antennas, and wherein the antenna elements (5–14) of the array antennas are connected to one another such that the distance (d) between the phase centers (5, 10) of the array antennas (1, 2) included is smaller than half the width of an individual array antenna (1, 2).

Abstract: A low profile antenna having relatively high radiation resistance, wide bandwidth and which utilizes a single conductor and RF source is disclosed. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the upper horizontal portion and the lower horizontal portion of the double inverted-L antenna are respectively brought down and up (without being physically connected) at a distance of approximately 180 degrees (½?) from the RF source so as to form two additional vertical portions of the antenna. This is followed by two approximately 90-degree (¼?) horizontal conductors portion. The resulting radiation resistance of the low profile antenna is approximately three-times that of a double inverted-L antenna.

Abstract: A dynamically variable beamwidth and/or variable azimuth scanning antenna includes a plurality of active radiating columns and a plurality of continuously adjustable mechanical phase shifters. The columns define a beam having a beamwidth and an azimuth scan angle. Each phase shifter has an independent remotely controlled drive and is directly electrically connected to a respective radiating column. The phase shifters are independently operated to vary the beamwidth and/or azimuth scan angle of the beam defined by the plurality of active radiating columns.

Abstract: Disclosed is an integrated antenna array comprising a plurality of interleaved sub-arrays separately controllable and responding to either the same or separate frequency bands. Both arrays operate with substantially the same phase center and substantially within the same effective aperture. The first sub-array of array comprises of spaced linear radiating elements such as dipoles, log-periodic, Yagi, slotted-waveguide, patch, or array consisting of the same or different elements as used in the first sub-array, either on the same or an entirely different frequency band. Independent beam shaping systems are shown for independent operation of the two arrays.

Abstract: An antenna array comprising a ground plane and a plurality of elements mounted thereon, said elements being capable of emitting and receiving ultra wideband emissions. Elements are arrayed on the ground plane in two parallel rows, a transmitting row, and a receiving row, such that a given element in the receiving row is aligned in at least one direction with a corresponding element in the transmitting row. Additionally, the elements are configured on the ground plane to elicit a symmetrical product response in the azimuthal plane, and to produce horizontally polarized signals. An alternative embodiment places the elements with unique inter-element spacing within the rows. An embodiment comprises a fence structure between rows. A method for use comprises the step of transmitting a signal via an element in the transmitting row and receiving said signal through an element in the receiving row, not aligned with the transmitting element.

Abstract: An isolation shield improves the F/B ratio for a directional antenna radiating a electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of ?XMT with a TE20 mode waveguide. The system includes a directional antenna and a waveguide adapted for attachment to one side of the directional antenna. The waveguide defines a channel spanning and positioned adjacent to the side of the directional antenna. The channel has a width and depth that are functions of ?XMT. The waveguide excites a null in the E-field within the channel. The null being adjacent to the edge of the directional antenna and thereby improving the F/B ratio of the directional antenna.

Abstract: Various antenna arrangements are provided with active transmit and receive antenna elements for transmitting and receiving signals within a cellular communication system. Also presented are specific base station antenna systems and methods, and portions thereof, which improve and control specific characteristics and features of antenna systems including antenna beam patterns. In addition, method for the optimization of a cellular communications network is provided which exploits reverse-link, forward-link, and pilot signal information to optimize network operations.

Abstract: A combined directional beam and omnidirectional antenna comprises a unitary structure having a plurality of antennas being configured and oriented to achieve both directional beam coverage and omnidirectional beam coverage.

Abstract: A high frequency communication device which can reduce undesired electromagnetic coupling inside and outside a box thereof in which circuit parts constituting a transmitter-receiver circuit are contained. Periodic structures (6) are provided on at least a part of a wall constituting a box (1, 4, 5) so that the periodic structures (6) serve as a filter which has a non-propagating frequency band corresponding a frequency band covering an undesired electromagnetic emission inside the box. Thus, undesired electromagnetic emission energy from any electromagnetic emission source can be confined locally to prevent a possible problem of electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: A antenna array (20) includes a plurality of periodic or aperiodic arranged sub-arrays (22). Each sub-array (22) includes a plurality of antenna elements (32) arranged in the form of a spiral (30). The sub-arrays (22) can comprise various spiral shapes to provide the required physical configuration and operational parameters to the antenna array (20). The elements (32) of each sub-array (22) are arranged to minimize the number of such elements (32) that intersect imaginary planes perpendicular to the spiral and passing through the spiral center. Such an orientation of the elements (32) minimizes grating lobes in the antenna pattern.

Abstract: A small and light helical antenna, with a high gain, includes arranging the dielectric cylinder with a helix conductor on the conductive plate and arranging a thin rectangular conductive plate between the lower end of the helix conductor and the feed point in a predetermined position of the conductive plate. The impedance matching is between the input impedance of the helix conductor and a power feeder. The upper and lower conductive plates constitute parallel plate waveguide space, and the probe which comes into the parallel plate waveguide space is in the lower conductive plate side, and the lower end of a thin rectangular conductive plate is connected with the lower end of a probe.

Abstract: An antenna device of transmission line type having two antenna elements opposed to each other, and a signal is fed between the two antenna elements. A variable-capacitance unit capable of changing the electrostatic capacity is provided at one or both of connection points at which opposite ends of the two antenna elements are connected to each other. Each variable-capacitance unit has a variable-capacitance diode, the electrostatic capacity of which changes according to a direct-current voltage applied between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: A wireless terminal having antenna diversity comprises a transceiver coupled to a plurality of antenna feeds and a ground conductor (902), the antenna feeds being coupled directly to the ground conductor (902). In one embodiment the ground conductor is a conducting case (902). The coupling may be via parallel plate capacitors (504) formed by a respective plate (506) and a surface (908) of the case (902). The case (902) acts as an efficient, wideband radiator, eliminating the need for separate antennas. Slots (912) may be provided to increase the radiating bandwidth of the terminal and improve its diversity performance. Good diversity performance is obtained in a range of environments, whether the terminal is hand-held or free-standing.

Abstract: A multi-facetted antenna array is disclosed for omnidirectional signalling. The multi-facetted antenna array includes a plurality of abutting facets having a planar region under the patch antenna structures, and curving regions between the planar regions and across the abutting edges of the facets. The planar regions under the patch antenna provide proper RF antenna performance, while the curved regions minimize the size of the assembled array. Further disclosed is a method of mounting the associated RF interface module across an inside corner formed by abutting facets. The disclosed multi-facetted antenna array is particularly useful for overcoming the unsightly size and wind loading problems of multi-facetted antenna arrays known in the art.

Abstract: An apparatus for simultaneously receiving a first signal from a non-terrestrial source and a second signal from a terrestrial source on the same or overlapping channels using a receive antenna with posteriorly-directed sidelobes is disclosed. The apparatus comprises at least one terrestrial transmitter transmitting information on at least one frequency simultaneously usable by at least one satellite transmitting to a satellite receive antenna having a sensitivity characterizable by a primary sensitive axis directed substantially at satellite. The terrestrial transmitter includes a azimuthal gain characteristic directed substantially away from the Earth's Equator. In an alternative embodiment, the terrestrial transmitter is disposed at a location defining a vector angularly displaced from the primary sensitive axis by an angle of less than 90 degrees. A method of transmitting information is also disclosed.

Abstract: A planar sensor array described herein as a spiral lattice planar array is comprised of a plurality of sets of sensor elements wherein for each set of the sensor elements an element is disposed at a vertex of an equilateral non-equiangular pentagon. One embodiment includes a plurality of sets of the pentagon arranged elements in an annular array configuration having a centrally located open center defined by the annular array. Another embodiment includes a plurality of sets of the pentagon arranged elements in a core configuration. The core configuration can be disposed within the open center of the annular array configuration. All sensor elements are confined to a single plane. The sensor elements can be equally weighted or may be weighted to provide side-lobe adjustment.

Abstract: A vehicle navigational receiver module includes a first planar antenna for receiving navigational radio signals, a signal processing circuit that is connected to the antenna, as well as a ground plane. In addition, a second planar antenna for receiving a telematic radio signal is arranged so as to at least partially overlap the first planar antenna and is connected to a second signal processing circuit.

Abstract: A plurality of concentric circle array antennas each having a different radius are disposed on an identical plane, and a plurality of element antennas are arranged circumferentially in each of the concentric circle array antennas. The plurality of concentric circle array antennas are arranged at regular intervals d in most part thereof, and the concentric circle array antennas corresponding to a remaining part of the plurality of concentric circle array antennas are arranged at intervals d±0.4 to 0.6d. The radii of the part of plural concentric circles change by ±(0.4 to 0.6)d, so that it is possible to reduce a wide-angle side lobe.

Abstract: An antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna loops disposed to define a portal or passageway or other detection region in which the plural antenna loops transmit and/or receive electromagnetic signals. A processor coupled to the plural antenna loops processes at least the received signals and/or transmitted signals. The plural antennas may be arrayed in a rectangular array, on hanging flexible substrates or other suitable arrangement, and may be coupled to the processor by a filter or selective switch. The processor may be coupled to a utilization system for cooperating therewith for performing a desired function.

Abstract: A microstrip antenna has first and second cylindrically-shaped dielectric layers having first sides secured together with an array of conducting strips conformally interposed therebetween, the strips being spaced to define a slot between each pair of adjacent strips. A conductive ground plane is disposed on an interior second side of the first dielectric layer, and an array of spaced apart radiating patches are conformally disposed on an exterior second side of the second dielectric layer, each of which patches is positioned over a corresponding slot. Responsive to electromagnetic energy, a high-order standing wave is induced in the antenna and a directed beam is transmitted from and/or received into the antenna.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna apparatus in a CDMA mobile communication system. A pair of pre-processors are assigned to each of n sectors for transmission and reception diversity. Each pre-processor has a transmission port and a reception port to separate a transmission signal from a reception signal. A pair of triangular antennas are assigned to each sector. In each triangular antenna, a transmission antenna unit transmits a transmission signal received via a transmission port in its sector in the direction of the sector, and a reception antenna unit, connected to the transmission antenna unit at a predetermined horizontal angle &thgr;, receives a signal directed to an adjacent sector and transmits the received signal to the reception port of a pre-processor in the adjacent sector.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for enhancing diversity gain without reducing data rate by increasing the number of antenna elements and configuring the antenna elements for improving signal-to-noise ratio at a receiver. The antenna array comprise a first antenna group with at least two antenna elements and a second antenna group with at least one antenna element. The first and second antenna groups are spaced approximately ten carrier wavelengths or more apart from each other, and the antenna elements belonging to the first antenna group are spaced approximately a half carrier wavelength or less apart from each other. A plurality of data streams is generated from a signal and used to produce a first and second plurality of representative data streams. Each of the first plurality of representative data streams is phase-shifted and encoded using different orthogonal codes.

Abstract: A first radiator component and a second radiator component of a system serve to transmit information over a plurality of frequencies in a range that comprises one or more octaves less than or equal to thirty megahertz. The first radiator component comprises a major dimension that is less than or equal to nine meters. The second radiator component comprises a major dimension that is less than or equal to nine meters.

Abstract: A multi-frequency band antenna may include a base and a first antenna array including a plurality of spaced apart monopole antenna elements extending outwardly from the base a first distance for operating at a first frequency. Further, the multi-frequency band antenna may also include a second antenna array including a plurality of spaced apart antenna elements arranged outside the first antenna array and extending outwardly from the base a second distance less than the first distance. The second antenna array may be for operating at a second frequency lower than the first frequency.

Abstract: A antenna array (20) includes a plurality of periodic or aperiodic arranged sub-arrays (22). Each sub-array (22) includes a plurality of antenna elements (32) arranged in the form of a spiral (30). The sub-arrays (22) can comprise various spiral shapes to provide the required physical configuration and operational parameters to the antenna array (20). The elements (32) of each sub-array (22) are arranged to minimize the number of such elements (32) that intersect imaginary planes perpendicular to the spiral and passing through the spiral center. Such an orientation of the elements (32) minimizes grating lobes in the antenna pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to a planar antenna which comprises the following elements:

Abstract: Antenna system composed of (N+1) virtually identical radiating structures with N greater than or equal to 1, said (N+1) structures being arranged parallel to each other and each radiating structure being connected to a power supply and impedance matching device. Use for frequency ranges between 1.5 to 30 MHz.

Abstract: An antenna system can generate RF radiation fields having dual simultaneous polarization states and having substantially rotationally symmetric radiation patterns. The antenna system generates RF radiation patterns where the beamwidths of respective RF fields for respective radiating elements are substantially equal and are relatively large despite the compact, physical size of the antenna system. The antenna system can include one or more patch radiators and a non-resonant patch separated from each other by an air dielectric and by relatively small spacer elements. The patch radiators and non-resonant patch can have predefined shapes for increasing polarization discrimination. The lower patch radiators can be mounted to a printed circuit board that can include an RF feed network and a ground plane which defines a plurality of symmetrically, shaped slots. The slots within the ground plane of the printed circuit board can be excited by stubs that are part of the feed network of the printed circuit board.

Abstract: Ninety-one elements are arranged in a phased array of five concentric hexagonal rings about a center element and are connected so as to form nineteen hexagonal sub-arrays of seven dipole elements each and where every second interior element is coincident with a digital beam forming input/output port connected to an adjacent seven sub-aperture feed ports. The center element of each hexagonal sub-array and the elements in the outermost hexagonal ring are fed from one sub-aperture feed port while the interior elements surrounding respective center elements are fed from one sub-aperture feed port of two adjacent input/output ports by way of an element containing a signal combiner. Moreover, the center element of a sub-aperture feed has twice the power as surrounding elements of the sub-aperture. A digital beam former (DBF) is used as an input on transmit or output on receive to produce proper amplitudes and phases to steer the antenna and generate overlapping beams.

Abstract: A diversity antenna apparatus and method adaptable for use with communication equipment is provided which can assure an acceptable transmission and/or reception condition in three principal dimensional (X,Y,Z) directions. The diversity antenna apparatus may comprise a plurality of antennae for transmitting and/or receiving a circularly polarized wave and an antenna selection circuit which selects one of the antennae for transmission and/or reception based on information representative of reception levels of the antennae. A first group of the antennae may provide a first substantially semispherical radiation pattern and a second group of the antennae may provide a second substantially semispherical radiation pattern such that the first and second groups of antennae as a whole provide a substantially spherical radiation pattern.

Abstract: The invention in general terms relates to an antenna device for a telecommunication station, able to transmit or receive a signal and comprising a plurality of radiating elements disposed in a periodic arrangement having at least one spatial periodicity. The device has antenna configuration means adapted to cause the value of the said spatial periodicity to vary according to the transmission conditions. The antenna device can in particular be configured so as to operate according to a beam shaping mode or according to a spatial diversity mode.

Abstract: There is disclosed a meanderline-loaded antenna comprising a ground plane, a non-driven element affixed thereto, a driven or receiving element affixed thereto and a horizontal element between the driven and the non-driven elements. The non-driven and the driven elements comprise meanderline-loaded couplers that are oriented parallel to the ground plane and the horizontal element so as to present a low-profile meanderline-loaded antenna.

Abstract: An antenna array comprising a ground plane and a plurality of elements mounted thereon, said elements being capable of emitting and receiving ultra wideband emissions. Elements are arrayed on the ground plane in two parallel rows, a transmitting row, and a receiving row, such that a given element in the receiving row is aligned in at least one direction with a corresponding element in the transmitting row. Additionally, the elements are configured on the ground plane to elicit a symmetrical product response in the azimuthal plane, and to produce horizontally polarized signals. An alternative embodiment places the elements with unique inter-element spacing within the rows. An embodiment comprises a fence structure between rows. A method for use comprises the step of transmitting a signal via an element in the transmitting row and receiving said signal through an element in the receiving row, not aligned with the transmitting element.

Abstract: A distributed antenna system for use in an in-building cellular telephone network, the system including a base transmission station (BTS), and a distributed antenna for conveying transmissions to and from the BTS, the distributed antenna including a plurality of serially-interconnected radiant segments, and at least one delay element intermediate two of the plurality of radiant segments, where the delay element is operative to introduce a delay in a transmission between the BTS and a mobile station (MS), where the BTS is operative to discern the delay in the transmission and thereby determine which of the plurality of radiant segments is closest to the MS and selectively radiate RF energy via the closest segment and prevent the radiation of RF energy via any other of the plurality of radiant segments.

Abstract: A phased array antenna (10) includes a plurality of subarray lattices (16) arranged in an aperiodic array lattice (14). Each subarray lattice (16) includes a plurality of antenna elements (20) arranged in an aperiodic configuration such as formed on a multilayer circuit board (24). Electronic circuitry (26) are supported by the circuit board and mounted between the antenna elements (20) and operatively connected thereto for amplifying, phase shifting and beam forming any transmitted or received signals.

Abstract: An antenna system is disclosed having a plurality of vertically-distributed elements. The orientation of the elements provides an improved linear array pattern covering the upper hemisphere with a sharp cut-off at a relatively small angle above the horizon. Each of the elements are distanced from each other by, for example, &agr;&lgr;/2, wherein the unitless constant, &agr;, is less than unity.

Abstract: A phased array antenna includes an active or beam forming array portion, and active parasitic elements that transmit and/or receive signals. The parasitic elements serve the dual purpose of providing a uniform impedance for elements at the edge of the array portion of the antenna while also providing active elements that are used to transmit and/or receive signals. The active parasitic elements may transmit and/or receive at the same frequency as the array portion or at a different frequency than the array portion. It is also possible for the active parasitic elements to have a different polarization than the elements of the array portion.

Abstract: An antenna assembly that can conform to two or more noncoplanar walls of a housing associated with numerous different devices that communicate in a WLAN. At least two antenna elements are included with a first antenna element attached to a portion of a first wall and a second antenna element attached to a portion of a second wall. Active circuitry is attached to the backside of the antenna assembly and coupled to the antenna elements. The antenna assembly can be included on a base that can be easily added-on to a product. Spatial and/or polarization diversity can be achieved in a small form-factor at high frequencies, including the 5 to 6 GHz frequency band.

Abstract: A dual polarized single axis scanned phased array antenna includes a predetermined number of mutually adjacent radiating columns which generate respective beams scannable in azimuth while providing a fixed beam in elevation, and wherein each radiating column utilizes a low loss dielectric slab assembly to serve multiple functions. The slab assembly serves, among other things, as a lens to correct the spherical wave from a small feed to a plain wave within a column. The slab assembly also includes a septum polarizer necessary to carry both horizontally and vertically polarized fields. The slab assembly additionally includes a dielectric radiator element to provide a radiating surface without the need to form a ground plane. The dielectric slab assembly, moreover, inherently loads the radiating columns so that they can be spaced one half of a free space wavelength without cutting off the vertically polarized fields.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna apparatus in a CDMA mobile communication system. A pair of pre-processors are assigned to each of n sectors for transmission and reception diversity. Each pre-processor has a transmission port and a reception port to separate a transmission signal from a reception signal. A pair of triangular antennas are assigned to each sector. In each triangular antenna, a transmission antenna unit transmits a transmission signal received via a transmission port in its sector in the direction of the sector, and a reception antenna unit, connected to the transmission antenna unit at a predetermined horizontal angle &thgr;, receives a signal directed to an adjacent sector and transmits the received signal to the reception port of a pre-processor in the adjacent sector.

Abstract: A phased antenna array (60) for use on a satellite, that employs a density tapering technique for positioning the antenna elements (62) in the array (60) to reduce co-channel interference between adjacent cells. Particularly, the spatial position of the various antenna elements (62) in the array (60) are spread out so that the center portion of the array (60) has the highest density of elements (62), and the outer portion of the array (60) has the lowest density of elements (62). Predetermined schemes are used to set the density of the elements (62) in the array (60). By providing fewer antenna elements (62) at the outer portion of the array (60), the beam side lobes are reduced.

Abstract: An antenna array for a base station for communication systems presenting a sparse element grid in a one-dimensional scanned array or multi-beam array is presented. The element spacing is primarily governed by scanning in a horizontal direction. In a triangular element grid the individual element spacing in a vertical direction is increased to an order of a wavelength (dy≈&lgr;) without generating grating lobes in visible space for the obtained main lobe, and maintaining about half a wavelength spacing in a horizontal direction (dx≈0.48&lgr;). This results in a reduction of radiating elements compared to a square grid of radiating elements arranged with a spacing of half a wavelength. By taking into account and limiting the horizontal scan, the vertical spacing may be further increased (dy≈1.25&lgr;−2&lgr;) to obtain an optimum sparse antenna element grid for a one-dimensional scanned beam or a multi-beam pattern e.g., for a communication system base station.

Abstract: In a system for sending wireless communication signals on at least one downlink wavelength and receiving wireless communication signals on at least one uplink wavelength, there is a ratio r equal to the larger divided by the smaller of these wavelengths. The system comprises a receiver operative to receive signals imposed on a carrier having the uplink wavelength, a transmitter operative to transmit signals imposed on a carrier having the downlink wavelength, and an array of independent antenna elements. The array comprises a first and a second sub-array. One sub-array is electrically coupled to the transmitter, such that transmitted signals can be radiated from it, and the other sub-array is electrically coupled to the receiver, such that signals to be received can be extracted from it. The sub-arrays are geometrically similar to each other with a relative scale factor equal to the wavelength ratio r. The sub-arrays have at least one common antenna element.