Abstract: A film having an imprinted antenna, for use with an RFID chip. The antenna consists of a conductor track provided with connector ends. According to the invention, the antenna, applied in a printing method, with a conductive printing ink, has window-like recesses in the conductor track, whereby the area of the recesses amounts to at least 20% of the total area having the recesses.

Abstract: A meander line capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole antenna is disclosed. The antenna includes a transformer loop having a balanced feed interface, and a meander line capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole radiator. The meander line capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole radiator also includes an electric field bridge. For example, the meander line capacitively-loaded magnetic dipole radiator may include a quasi loop with a first end and a second end, with the electric field bridge interposed between the quasi loop first and second ends. The electric field bridge may be an element such as a dielectric gap, lumped element, circuit board surface-mounted, ferroelectric tunable, or a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) capacitor. The transformer loop has a radiator interface coupled to a quasi loop transformer interface. In one aspect, the coupled interfaces are a shared perimeter portion shared by both loops.

Abstract: A single-element antenna system that provides a wide bandwidth and consistent polarization over the frequency range to which the antenna is impedance matched. In one embodiment, the wideband antenna system includes two parallel coupled sectorial loop antennas (CSLA) that are coupled along an axis of symmetry. In another embodiment, half of the coupled sectorial loop antenna is electrically coupled to a ground plane, where the antenna includes one pie-slice shaped sector and two arches. In alternate embodiments, sections of the sector can be removed to reduce the weight of the antenna system.

Abstract: A metalized circuit suitable for application as a radio frequency antenna is produced by forming an antenna coil pattern on a flexible substrate. The antenna coil pattern is formed using a conductive ink which is patterned on the substrate. The conductive ink is cured and an electrical-short layer is formed across the coils of the conductive ink pattern. An insulating layer is formed over top of the electrical-short layer, a metal layer electroplated on top of the conductive layer, and then the electrical-short layer is removed. The use of the electrical-short layer during the electroplating allows for the voltage at the different points on the conductive ink layer to be relatively similar, so that a uniform electroplate layer is formed on top of the conductive ink layer. This results in a better quality radio frequency antenna at a reduced cost.

Abstract: An antenna structure is composed of an antenna seat, a terminal, and an antenna set. The antenna set includes antennae, a matching circuit, conducting wires, and a lead wire. By the conducting wires and matching circuit connected on the antennae, an impedance matching can be achieved to be coupled with frequency of radio wave signal to be received for reducing a standing-wave ration, when the antenna are receiving the radio wave signal. In addition, the frequency and wavelength of radio wave signal received by the antennae can be adjusted by changing lengths of conducting wires.

Abstract: An electronic substrate including: a base substrate having an active face and a rear face; and a plurality of inductor elements formed on or above the active face, or formed on or above the rear face.

Abstract: A multi band antenna system (100) and a wireless communication device are disclosed. The multi band antenna system provides coverage over multiple frequency bands. The multi band antenna system comprises a ground surface, a first conductor (102), a second conductor (104), a common feed conductor (106) coupled to the first conductor and the second conductor, and a ground conductor (108) coupled to the first conductor and the second conductor. The first conductor has a first physical length operationally equal to a half wavelength in a first RF band and operationally equal to a full wavelength in a second RF band. The second conductor has a second physical length operationally equal to a half wavelength in a third RF band.

Abstract: A loop antenna 1 for an RFID tag 100 includes an annular line member 10 that includes meandering parts 13 and 14 disposed on a dielectric substrate 2, and power feeding parts 11 that are provided on the line member 10. The annular line member 10 includes the meandering parts 13 and 14 at portions except for the vicinity of positions corresponding to loops of a standing wave occurring in the loop antenna 1.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal includes two housings and a hinge portion for movably coupling the housings together. The terminal further includes: a non-contact communication portion for conducting close range wireless communication; an operation portion; and a display portion. The non-contact communication has a loop-like antenna disposed in one of the housings. The display portion displays information with regard to a communication status of the close range wireless communication. Another communication terminal includes a housing having a display portion and an operation portion disposed therein; and a non-contact communication portion for conducting close range wireless communication. The non-contact communication portion has a loop-like antenna formed in a region of the housing having the display portion disposed therein.

Abstract: In a portable radio communication apparatus including a housing, at least one part of the housing is formed as a housing electrical conductor portion by an electrically conductive material. The housing electrical conductor portion is connected with a radio communication circuit of the portable radio communication apparatus so as to operate as at least one part of an unbalanced type antenna of the radio communication circuit. Further, the portable radio communication apparatus further includes a boom portion coupled with the housing at least at two positions so as to provide at least one penetrating hole between the housing and the boom portion.

Abstract: An antenna structure for transmitting and/or receiving radio waves has a symmetrically arranged radiator element with a first connecting terminal and a second connecting terminal, said radiator element being tuned to a useful frequency. Moreover, it has at least one conductor structure connected in parallel with the radiator element. The conductor structure comprises an open-circuited first line element, which is coupled to the first connecting terminal, and an open-circuited second line element, which is coupled to the second connecting terminal. In this case, a length of the first line element and of the second line element essentially corresponds to the integral multiple of a quarter wavelength corresponding to a blocking frequency. The first line element and the second line element run parallel to one another.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a wideband glass antenna for a vehicle. The wideband glass antenna includes a loop antenna and a pattern. The loop antenna has a loop antenna pattern, in which a first side is connected to a feeding point, a second side is connected to a ground, and the two sides are connected to each other. The loop antenna pattern forms a predetermined space in the loop antenna. The pattern is formed in the loop antenna and is connected by a plurality of tuning arms for expanding a frequency band of the antenna.

Abstract: A capacitively-loaded loop antenna and corresponding radiation method have been provided. The antenna comprises a transformer loop having a balanced feed interface and a capacitively-loaded loop radiator. In one aspect, the capacitively-loaded loop radiator is a balanced radiator. In another, the transformed loop and capacitively-loaded loop radiator are physically connected. That is, the transformer loop and the capacitively-loaded loop radiator have a portion shared by both of the loop perimeters. Alternately, the loops are physically independent of each other. In one aspect, the perimeters have a rectangular shape. Other shapes such as round or oval are also possible. In another aspect, the planes formed by the transformer and capacitively-loaded loop radiator can be coplanar or non-planar, while both loops are orthogonal to a common magnetic near-field generated by the transformed loop.

Abstract: A high gain loop antenna comprises a conductor ground plane, a feeding signal line, a radiation element including two matching sections and a conductor loop, and a dielectric element formed between the conductor ground plane and the radiation element. Both matching sections connect to the feeding signal line and the radiation element for matching the input impedance. The input impedance can be changed by adjusting the distance between the two matching sections or the lengths of the two matching sections. The conductor loop is to activate the operating mode of the antenna when the current component flows through the loop antenna.

Abstract: Location determination is performed using a transmitter including an elongated generally planar loop antenna defining an elongation axis. The elongation axis is positioned along at least a portion of a path. A magnetic field is then generated which approximates a dipole field. Certain characteristics of the magnetic field are then determined at a receiving position radially displaced from the antenna elongation axis. Using the determined certain characteristics, at least one orientation parameter is established which characterizes a positional relationship between the receiving position and the antenna on the path. The magnetic field may be transmitted as a monotone single phase signal. The orientation parameter may be a radial offset and/or an angular orientation between the receiving position and the antenna on the path. The antenna of the transmitter may be inserted into a first borehole to transmit the magnetic field to a receiver inserted into a second borehole.

Abstract: A loop antenna (100) shares terminals with a thermistor on a battery. The battery (300) has at least two terminals (302 & 304) that connect to a thermistor (514). An electromagnetic wave radiating and receiving element (522) shares the at least two terminals (302 & 304) with the thermistor (514) but is electrically isolated from the thermistor (514) so that the thermistor (514) resistance can be measured while the electromagnetic wave radiating and receiving element (522) can communicate electrical RF signals via the at least two terminals with an RF circuit. A wireless communication device that uses the battery (300) and the loop antenna (100) is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel geometry, the geometry of Space-Filling Curves (SFC) is defined in the present invention and it is used to shape a part of an antenna. By means of this novel technique, the size of the antenna can be reduced with respect to prior art, or alternatively, given a fixed size the antenna can operate at a lower frequency with respect to a conventional antenna of the same size.

Abstract: A digital receiving antenna device is connected to a digital television through a coaxial cable and has a casing, a flat antenna, a coaxial cable connector and a coaxial transmission line. The flat antenna is mounted in the casing and connected electronically to the coaxial cable through the coaxial transmission line. Since the coaxial transmission line has a fixed capacitance without regard to the distance between the feed point and the coaxial cable connector, a fixed capacitor is connected between the flat antenna and the coaxial cable connector. Therefore, the coaxial transmission line can be used as a transmission line for different size flat antennas, and each coaxial transmission line will have the same impedance. These different size digital receiving antenna devices can use the same antenna signal processing circuit and still have an impedance match between the flat antenna and the antenna signal processing circuit.

Abstract: An antenna comprises an arrangement of electrically conducting segments, the arrangement including intersection points where two or more electrically conducting segments are in electrical communication. Example antennas include a plurality of capacitors located within some or all of the electrically conducting segments. Capacitance values can be determined using an optimization algorithm to obtain desired values of antenna resonance frequency (or frequencies), bandwidth, and/or radiation pattern, and may be adjusted in order to control an antenna parameter such as beam steering direction.

Abstract: An item tracking system for tracking an item within a structure having at least one aperture through which the item is passed is provided. The item tracking system comprises a radio frequency tag attached to the item, a reader operably connected to a reader antenna, a processor operably connected to the reader, and a vertically suspended movable support for the reader antenna. The tag has item information stored therein and the reader is capable of reading the item information from the tag. The processor receives and stores the item information from the reader and the movable support is suspended from a location adjacent the top of the aperture. The support and reader antenna can move around the item to permit the item to pass through the aperture and the reader reads the item information from the tag when the item passes through the aperture using the reader antenna.

Abstract: An insertion-port loop antenna has a wide communication region for a non-contact type IC card inserted into an insertion port of a card reader, etc. An insertion-port loop antenna is mounted in the vicinity of an insertion port, through which a non-contact type communication medium is inserted. The insertion-port loop antenna comprises two loops. An upper loop is arranged above a long side of the insertion port. A lower loop is arranged below the long side of the insertion port. The two loops are opposite to each other in a direction of winding. Thereby, magnetic flux is generated between the upper loop and the lower loop. The magnetic flux is generated in front of the insertion port. Therefore, it is possible to begin communication before the non-contact type IC card is inserted into the insertion port.

Abstract: In one antenna unit, a non-electrically conductive resin layer is provided on a core portion of electrically conductive material and a winding portion is configured by a coil wound on the layer. The antenna unit is housed in a band attaching portion of a watch case of a watch, and a watch module is housed in the watch case. In another antenna unit, a core portion and a winding portion wound on the core portion are arranged in a cover case. Openings are formed in side walls of the cover case oppositely positioned to each other, and parts of the outer circumferential surface of the winding portion are arranged in the openings. The winding portion together with the core portion is supported to the inner surface of the cover case by adhesive portions interposed between the cover case and the winding portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and an antenna for transmitting/receiving a RF signal at a plurality of different frequencies. Transmitting/receiving a RF signal at a plurality of different frequencies is achieved by providing a F antenna comprising a plurality of switches which can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the antenna. By providing a F antenna, the antenna will be much smaller than the wavelength at which the antenna is operating. This allows the antenna to be used in compact devices such as PDA's and cellular phones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna structure of a wireless receiver arranged to be connected to a computer, and which can be disposed alternatively in vertical and horizontal orientations for receiving control signals from an input device. The receiver has a circuit board and a antenna which has at least an antenna loop located outside the circuit board. The antenna loop is tilted at an angle of between 15–75 degrees relative to the circuit board.

Abstract: An RF driver circuit and an orthogonal antenna assembly/configuration, are disclosed as part of a method and system for generating high density plasma. The antenna assembly is an orthogonal antenna system that may be driven by any RF generator/circuitry with suitable impedance matching to present a low impedance. The disclosed RF driver circuit uses switching type amplifier elements and presents a low output impedance. The disclosed low-output impedance RF driver circuits eliminate the need for a matching circuit for interfacing with the inherent impedance variations associated with plasma. Also disclosed is the choice for capacitance or an inductance value to provide tuning for the RF plasma source.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus capable of receiving AM radio broadcasting and FM radio broadcasting and being realized at a low cost includes an FM antenna conductor for receiving FM broadcasting formed with a metal pipe with good conductivity, and an AM antenna conductor for receiving AM broadcasting housed in an internal space of the antenna conductor, so as to unify an AM antenna and an FM antenna with a simple structure. The FM antenna conductor also functions as an electrostatic shielding member for the AM antenna conductor, so that high-frequency noise from other equipment is prevented from being received at the AM antenna conductor as interference noise without raising the cost.

Abstract: A digital indoor antenna device having a casing, a pivotal seat, a circular antenna having two ends and a PCB in the casing. The pivotal seat attached to the casing has two mounting holes respectively in which the two ends of circular antenna are mounted. The circular antenna rotates on the casing to adjust the horizontal receiving angle. Therefore, the circular antenna device can receive larger intensity of horizontal polarized signals. In addition, the pivotal seat can be pivotally connected to the casing, so the circular antenna can rotate horizontally on the casing to search for different channel signals.

Abstract: The invention concerns an antenna for use as transmission/reception beacon (2), in a radio frequency identifying system, having a general upturned U configuration, located in a vertical plane, above the ground transversely to a passage (9), the vertical end portions (8b, 8c). The invention is applicable to a system for detecting, over a large width (L), the passage of people, animals or objects bearing electronic tags (7).

Abstract: A radio transmitting or receiving antenna which is physically compact being typically no more than three percent of a wavelength in any dimension. The antenna comprises two electrical conducting surfaces (2) and (4) across which radio frequency electric field lines carrying half the power are arranged to cross radio frequency magnetic field lines carrying the remaining half power to thereby synthesize and propagate radio waves. The low impedance coaxial feeder (1) from the transmitter flows through a set of coils (3A) to (3D) wired in parallel and lying in a toroidal shape to create a circular RF magnetic field H and then enters a low impedance tap on a resonant autotransformer used to connect a high RF voltage and create a curving electromagnetic field E across the interaction zone in the volume between the upper metal cylinder (4) and the ground plane (1).

Abstract: A reactive circuit is disclosed as part of a method and system for generating high density plasma that does not require the use of a dynamic matching network for directly driving a plasma exhibiting a dynamic impedance. The reactive network is designed to provide a small total reactance when the plasma reactance is at a first plasma reactance and presents a reactance that does not exceed a specified limit at a second plasma reactance. The first and second plasma reactance span a substantially fraction of an expected dynamic plasma reactance range. The first and second plasma reactance values may, for example, correspond to a high expected plasma reactance limit and a low expected plasma reactance limit respectively or the first plasma reactance may correspond to an average expected plasma reactance.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for identification of RFID-tagged items includes one or more interrogator units communicating over a network, the interrogator unit comprising a hanger support upon which RFID-tagged items are stored. The apparatus for identification of RFID tagged items includes a solenoid RFID interrogator antenna aligned with the longitudinal axis of an item hanger and a concentric RFID tag antenna wound around an opening in an item package that is hung from the item hanger.

Abstract: An indoor UHF antenna device for a digital television includes a flat structural design. The flat indoor UHF antenna device includes a circuit board having a wireless signal processing circuit and an antenna. A metal wire bent as a long rectangular antenna and having a gap forms the antenna. Two signal feeder points are defined at two locations having a same distance from two long sides of the long rectangular antenna respectively, and thereby the antenna includes a first antenna part having a gap and a second antenna part for impedance matching. The antenna is set horizontally on the circuit board with the signal feeder points welded on the circuit board. Thereby the antenna device of the present invention is enhanced to receive wireless signals of polarized waves transmitted by different transmitters.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing, a main dielectric substrate carried by the housing, circuitry carried by the main dielectric substrate, and a ground plane conductor on the main dielectric substrate. The mobile wireless communications device may further include an L-shaped dielectric extension comprising a vertical portion extending outwardly from the main dielectric substrate and an overhang portion extending outwardly from the vertical portion and above an adjacent portion of the main dielectric layer. A main loop antenna conductor comprising at least one conductive trace may be relatively positioned on the overhang portion of the L-shaped dielectric extension so as not to overlap the ground plane conductor.

Abstract: An RF driver circuit and an orthogonal antenna assembly/configuration, are disclosed as part of a method and system for generating high density plasma. The antenna assembly is an orthogonal antenna system that may be driven by any RF generator/circuitry with suitable impedance matching to present a low impedance. The disclosed RF driver circuit uses switching type amplifier elements and presents a low output impedance. The disclosed low-output impedance RF driver circuits eliminate the need for a matching circuit for interfacing with the inherent impedance variations associated with plasmas. Also disclosed is the choice for capacitance or an inductance value to provide tuning for the RF plasma source. There is also provided a method for rapidly switching the plasma between two or more power levels at a frequencies of about tens of Hz to as high as hundreds of KHz.

Abstract: A loop antenna unit (2), a balanced line (3), and two perturbation elements (4) are formed on a dielectric board (1) by using manufacturing methods, such as printing and etching. The loop antenna unit (2) is formed along the circumference of a circle, and is connected to the balanced line (3). Each of the two perturbation elements (4) is a member in the shape of a tooth which is inclined 45 degrees against a direction of feeding of power via the balanced line (3) and which is projecting from the loop antenna unit (2) in an inward direction toward the center of the loop antenna unit (2). The two perturbation elements (4) are arranged at two opposite points in the loop antenna unit (2) so that they are opposite to each other.

Abstract: The invention presents an antenna element capable of attenuating electric far filed while suppressing attenuation of magnetic near field of electromagnetic field radiated from loop antenna as an application example of antenna element, and a loop antenna and a communication control apparatus of wireless communications medium using the same. The antenna element of the invention comprises a conductor, and a conductive electromagnetic shield disposed on its surface by way of an insulator. The conductive electromagnetic shield has a ground contact, a lead portion, and a plurality of branches, and it is composed so as to determine uniquely the route from an arbitrary point of branches to the ground contact by way of the lead portion.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a housing and a multi-frequency band antenna carried within the housing. The multi-frequency band antenna may include a main loop conductor having a gap therein defining first and second ends of the main loop conductor, a first branch conductor having a first end connected adjacent the first end of the main loop conductor and having a second end defining a first feed point, and a second branch conductor having a first end connected adjacent the second end of the main loop conductor and a second end defining a second feed point. The antenna may further include a tuning branch conductor having a first end connected to the main loop conductor between the respective first ends of the first and second branches.

Abstract: A method for designing a high performance, small antenna that is matched to a required output impedance, does not require filtering, is simple and inexpensive to manufacture, and is easily integrable with an RF power amplifier- with minimum cost, minimum external components and minimum energy losses. The method includes finding a singular point (102) in the impedance vs. antenna geometrical dimension/wavelength ratio graph, the singular point (102) exhibiting a high very high positive reactance, setting the antenna geometry to match this point, and canceling the very high positive reactance (high inductance) resulting from this match by adding to the antenna a very small capacitance, preferably provided by at least one gap capacitor (202) The antenna is preferably a loop antenna (200), and both the antenna and the gap capacitor (202) (204) are preferably implemented by printing methods on printed circuit board or ceramic substrates. The antenna (200) may also be implemented in non-differential designs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an omni-directional, orthogonally propagating, one-quarter wavelength folded loop antenna. The antenna may be embodied in a wire, flat metal stock or printed configuration. The antenna comprises a folded loop antenna comprising an upper and lower horizontal element with a first and a second end and each of a length that is approximately forty-five percent of the overall one-quarter wavelength of the folded loop antenna connected by a vertical element. The antenna further comprises a ground plane having a minimum vertical length of three-sixteenths of a required wavelength and a horizontal width of a minimum of one-fifth of a wavelength as measured from the physical center of a first end of an antenna feed element. Further aspects of the folded loop antenna system are enabled with polarization diversity and selectable secondary resonance frequency and 10 dB return loss bandwidth.

Abstract: In a loop antenna including a circuit board, a cylindrical body standing on a surface of the circuit board, and a loop antenna element formed on the cylindrical body along the peripheral surface, a tubular insulator member is placed with some space around the cylindrical body. A conductor ring is formed on the tubular insulator member along the peripheral surface, and is placed on an intermediate position between the surface of the circuit board and the plane formed by the loop antenna element. A conductor wall is placed with some space around the cylindrical body on an intermediate distance between the surface of the circuit board and the plane formed by the loop antenna element into height.

Abstract: A communication-capable electronic device is provided which includes a metallic housing (122) to accommodate electronic parts of the device, and a communication terminal (90) that makes communications with a communication-cable IC card (110) incorporating an antenna (115). The communication antenna (90) is located such that when the IC card is placed near the housing (122), the antenna (115) built in the IC card (110) faces, at a part thereof, a part of the communication terminal (90) while the rest of the antenna (115) of the IC Card (110) does not face the housing (122). Thus, it is possible to prevent the inductance in the antenna (115) of the IC card (110) from being reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a wireless instrument (1) including a wristband (2) having two band portions (2a, 2b) connected to opposite edges of a casing (3), each band portion having upper and lower surfaces (21,22). At least one single loop antenna (4a) is embedded in one band portion and extends between the corresponding upper and lower surfaces. This single loop antenna is connected via feeding lines (7) through one edge of the casing to an antenna receiver (5). The loop antenna and the feeding lines define a radiating element, wherein the feeding lines are arranged so as to be a negligible part of this antenna radiating element.

Abstract: An annular antenna loop is electrically coupled to a transponder. The antenna and the transponder are at least partially embedded into a non-conductive carrier strip to form a ring assembly to render the antenna and transponder package unitarily transportable. The annular assembly affixes to a tire in a post-manufacture attachment procedure and at a location that minimizes exposure of the annular apparatus to strain and to electromagnetic interference from the metallic wheel rim.

Abstract: An antenna (10) having an emitter element which is positioned in front of a conductive reflector (13) and has a three-dimensional cast part. The cast part is implemented as conductive and has a closed peripheral structure (11) having alternating constrictions and bulges. The peripheral structure (11) spans an imaginary surface (14) which is intersected by at least two planes of symmetry (15.1, 15.3) of the cast part. At least two fastening elements (12.1, 12.2) are provided, which extend essentially perpendicular to the imaginary surface (14) and support the peripheral structure (11) at two points which lie on one of the planes of symmetry (15.1; 15.3). At the lower ends (16), the fastening elements (12.1, 12.2) are connected to the reflector (13), the fastening elements (12.1, 12.2) also being used for electrical excitation of the emitter element.

Abstract: An antenna (96) for use in inductive coupling two devices (34 and 42) includes a first coil (180) having a first inductance value, a second coil (190) having a second inductance value, and a capacitor (198) having a capacitance value. The first and second coils (180 and 190) and the capacitor (198) form a tank circuit (196) having a predetermined resonant frequency. The capacitance value of the capacitor (198) varies inversely to an equivalent inductance value of the tank circuit (196) for providing the predetermined resonant frequency. The first and second coils (180 and 190) are connected in parallel with one another so that the equivalent inductance value of the tank circuit (196) is less than each of the first and second inductance values and the capacitance value of the capacitor (198) is maintained above a predetermined threshold value for providing stability to the tank circuit (196).

Abstract: A radio frequency security element is provided for electronic surveillance of articles of merchandise. The security element comprises a lower strip conductor (1) and an upper strip conductor (5), which are wound in opposite directions. The upper and lower strip conductors and superimposed and connected in a common contact zone. The coil turns of the two conductor strips each have an included angle of rotation less than 2?. The security element has an improved detection rate and is particularly stable against changes in the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A phase compensated loop antenna having phase compensation elements distributed along the length thereof. The phase compensation elements compensate for current variations along the antenna length resulting from increasing the length of the antenna. A nested loop configuration incorporating at least one phase compensated loop antenna is also provided.

Abstract: An antenna for transmitting information by means of electromagnetic fields in free space is formed as a supertoroidal conductor, comprising a helical coil of wire with the coil itself being wound helically around a toroidal former to form a toroidally shaped coiled coil. Higher orders of supertoroid are formed by replacing the wire of the above first order supertoroidal conductor with a helical coil. The supertoroidal antenna is energized from a signal generator generating signals including frequencies not less than 2 c/l, where l is the length of conductor in the supertoroidal antenna. Both transmitting and receiving arrangements are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems for compensating magnetic current loops provide current magnitude and phase uniformity within the magnetic current loops. A magnetic current loop is divided into k sections. Each of the k sections has a series reactance. Series reactive compensation is added to each of the k sections such that the reactive compensation substantially cancels the series reactance of each section. Adding reactive compensation to the loop that cancels the series reactance of each section of the loop provides current magnitude and phase uniformity along the loop at any given instant in time. As a result, the magnitude and phase of the magnetic field at a point in space can be controlled with precision to achieve a desired result, such as precise field cancellation or precise field generation.

Abstract: A loop antenna for a mobile terminal capable of reducing SAR. The loop antenna has three lines. The first line generates and transmits predetermined electric waves upon receiving current from an oscillator for oscillating power and has a connection point to connect an external line thereto. The second line includes a first end connected to a printed circuit board to ground current supplied to the first line and a second end having an opened structure. The third line has a first end connected to one side of the first line through the connection point and a second end connected to one side of the second line coupled to the printed circuit board in order to receive current from the first line through the connection point and transmit current into the second line.