Abstract: An antenna assembly may include a carrying structure having a number of faces, each face having at least partly a ground plane and each face being provided with at least one dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) element. The antenna assembly may include a controller arrangement, a switching arrangement connected to each of said DRA elements, the controller arrangement being configured to switch the antenna elements and alter frequency, polarization and/or radiation pattern of each DRA element.

Abstract: A method for switched diversity, including: determining, on a pair-wise basis, a plurality of comparative quality factors corresponding to at least two antennas based on signals received by the at least two antennas; filtering, over a period of time, multiple instances of at least one of the plurality of comparative quality factors; and selecting at least one of the signals to couple to at least one receiver chain based on the comparative quality factors.

Abstract: There is provided an antenna arrangement for use in an ultra-wideband network, the antenna arrangement comprising an active element; and a plurality of passive elements arranged around the active element; each passive element being controllable to selectively reflect or transmit radio signals emitted by the active element so as to create a desired beam pattern from the active element.

Abstract: There is provided a technique for reducing the occurrence of higher harmonics which occur from a field effect transistor, particularly a field effect transistor configuring a switching element of an antenna switch. In a transistor having a meander structure, the gate width of a partial transistor closest to a gate input side is increased. More specifically, a comb-like electrode is made longer than the other comb-like electrodes. In other words, a finger length is made greater than any other finger length. In particular, the comb-like electrode has the greatest length in all the comb-like electrodes.

Abstract: A dual-mode antenna device (20) includes a wireless module (207) and a second wireless module (208) transceiving signals of a first wireless network signal and a second wireless network. A first antenna (201) and a second antenna (202) transceive the signals, respectively. A first switch (203) is connected to the first antenna and a second switch (204) is connected to the second antenna. A third switch (205) is connected to the first switch, the second switch and the first wireless network module. A fourth switch (206) is connected to the first switch, the third switch and the second wireless network module. The first, third, and fourth switches collaboratively select the first antenna to transmit the wireless network signals. The second, third, and fourth switches collaboratively select the second antenna to transmit the wireless network signals.

Abstract: An antenna array may include an antenna element configured to receive an RF signal. A PIN diode may selectively couple the antenna element to an RF source. Biasing the PIN diode may cancel the received RF signal at a stub coupled to the diode thereby reducing stray capacitance of the PIN diode. A method for switching antenna elements is also disclosed. A PIN diode coupled to an antenna element is biased thereby reflecting the received RF signal out-of-phase within a stub such that the signal is canceling and stray capacitance of the PIN diode is reduced.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a directional antenna and methods for manufacturing the same are described. One system and method includes a plurality of antenna elements. Groups of the antenna elements cooperate to form a directional antenna. In one configuration, a first element is configured as a driven element and a second element is configured as a delayed element. The elements are separated by a distance such that an RF signal radiated from the driven element constructively combines with a delayed RF signal radiated by the delay element. In another configuration, the second element can be configured as the driven element and the first element configured as the delayed element.

Abstract: The invention relates to an array for influencing the radiation characteristics of a reflector antenna, particularly a centrally focused reflector antenna (1) consisting of a hollow conductor (3) with a horn (4) and a sub-reflector component (2), whereby the assembly consists of at least two immoveable triggerable radiator elements (5; 6; 7; 8), which influence the beam path between the reflector (9) and sub-reflector (10) in the operating state. The array has the advantage of providing a small-size technical solution which requires minimal mechanical and electrical efforts for reflector antennas and allows the antenna to track a satellite with high accuracy. Within certain limits, signal reception and the antenna diagram can be controlled such that reception and transmission can be simultaneous. The beam of diagram can be controlled in real time. Another advantage is that the hemisphere can be reproduced in full, i.e.

Abstract: The present invention provides a control apparatus of an antenna array. The control apparatus of an antenna array comprises a control circuit including a serial interface circuit connected to the first switch and the second switch by a first control line and a second control line separately, and an antenna coupled between the first switch and the second switch. The serial interface circuit controls On/Off status of the first switch and the second switch separately through the first control line and the second control line. Furthermore, the control circuit and the others can be connected serially through the included serial interface circuits to increase the number of antennas.

Abstract: A selectable beam antenna of generally linear, polygonal, planar or polyhedral form, able to operate at microwave and millimetre wave frequencies, and constructed from associated networks that incorporate radio frequency switches, time delays and amplitude weights positioned within a set of interleaved transmission, lines or waveguides to simultaneously perform both beam-forming and beam selection operations, which selectable beam antenna comprises: (i) a single RP antenna port connected to a 1-to-N corporate feed means, where N is greater than or equal to 2; (ii) a EF switch network means of N/q multi-pole-multi-throw radio frequency switch means (qPMT) connected to the corporate feed means; (iii) a RF distribution means of N×M singularly or multiply interleaved lines arranged so as to have approximately equal transmission length connected to the switch means, where M is the number of throws associated with each radio frequency switch means (qPMT); (iv) an antenna launch means of M×M interleaved antenna elem

Abstract: In general, in one aspect, the disclosure describes a semiconductor antenna having a plurality of antenna elements and a switching network formed in the same semiconductor die. The switching network is to control activation of the antenna elements.

Abstract: A self-structuring hybrid antenna with multiple self-structuring subsystems is disclosed for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals. The subsystems include a self-structuring signal feed subsystem and a variable impedance element subsystem. A signal feed circuit is coupled with the antenna circuit. A performance-adjusting device includes the self-structuring hybrid antenna selectively interconnecting its switching circuit elements, a self-structuring feed subsystem selectively interconnecting the antenna circuit and the feed circuit, and variable impedance switch elements disposed in the antenna circuit or the signal feed circuit.

Abstract: An antenna is provided, in combination with an associated switch array, the antenna comprising a number of antenna elements mounted above a ground plane for providing coverage over a predetermined range of angles in azimuth using a number of beams. Each of the antenna elements is connected to a switch in the switch array and the switch array is operable to connect selected pairs of the antenna elements to a signal path to thereby generate each of the different beams, at the same time connecting unselected antenna elements to ground.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus based on metamaterial structures to achieve tunable operations of an antenna at different antenna frequencies.

Abstract: A horizontally polarized antenna array allows for the efficient distribution of RF energy into a communications environment through selectable antenna elements and redirectors that create a particular radiation pattern such as a substantially omnidirectional radiation pattern. In conjunction with a vertically polarized array, a particular high-gain wireless environment may be created such that one environment does not interfere with other nearby wireless environments and avoids interference created by those other environments. Lower gain patterns may also be created by using particular configurations of a horizontal and/or vertical antenna array. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna systems disclosed herein are utilized in a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) wireless environment.

Abstract: An antenna unit and a communication apparatus are provided, which are operable with respect to wireless systems having three, or more frequencies by employing 2 sets of antenna elements, and which can realize such an antenna structure having a high freedom degree, while the antenna structure can be applied to frequency arrangements as to the plurality of wireless systems.

Abstract: A radar system having first and second modes of operation comprising a dual antenna assembly comprising first and second antennas having respective first and second antenna waveguides coupled to a waveguide switch operable to divert RF energy to or from either said antenna waveguide, said waveguide switch coupled to a common waveguide, said dual antenna assembly mounted to an antenna support assembly, said first and second antennas being designed for use in said first and second modes respectively and operable for coupling said RF energy to a transmit medium, and for coupling reflected RF energy from transmit medium to said first or second antenna waveguide; and a control processor configured with control logic operable to control the functions of said radar system wherein said first and second antennas are mounted generally perpendicularly in the vertical plane with respect to each other and wherein said radar system operates in only one of said modes of operation at any time.

Abstract: An antenna of a mobile terminal and a method for changing a radiation pattern of the mobile terminal are provided. The antenna includes an antenna radiator including at least two different feeding points, a Radio Frequency (RF) receiver selectively connected to one of the at least two different feeding points of the antenna radiator, a switching unit interposed between the RF receiver and the antenna radiator for electrically connecting one of the at least two different feeding points to the RF receiver, and a controller for controlling the switching unit using a Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) value determined at a path connected to the feeding point of the antenna radiator.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna is provided. The antenna includes a radiating element resonant for at least two resonant frequencies, and at least two matching elements that are electrically connectable to the radiating element to substantially match an input impedance of the antenna to a reference impedance for each one of the at least two resonant frequencies. A method for transmitting and receiving on one or more frequency bands is also provided that includes selecting at least one resonant frequency, selectively electrically connecting a matching element corresponding to the at least one selected resonant frequency to a radiating element resonant at the one or more frequency bands, and receiving or transmitting a wireless signal at the at least one selected resonant frequency with the radiating element.

Abstract: Regardless of a user's hand holding condition, it is possible to obtain excellent antenna performance in both of folded and unfolded calling conditions. A folder type mobile radio apparatus includes an upper case 1301 having a first antenna element made of a metal plate 1305, a lower case 1302 having a second antenna element made of a circuit board 102, a hinge portion 1303 pivotably connecting the upper and lower cases 1301 and 1302, a first circuit board 101 having a ground pattern provided in an end side near the hinge portion 1303 in the lower case, an antenna switching unit 103 for selecting one of a first feed means for feeding the first antenna element for the radio circuit 1314 on the first circuit board 101 or a second feed means for feeding the second antenna element.

Abstract: Provided is a complex antenna which corresponds to both a circularly polarized wave and a linearly polarized wave. The complex antenna includes a substrate, a power feed terminal, four helical antenna devices disposed on the substrate at intervals of 90 degrees, four delay lines having different lengths by a quarter wavelength, and four switch modules which are connected to the power feed terminal in common and each of which is connected to each helical antenna device and each delay line. Each switch module selects one of a first mode in which the power feed terminal and each helical antenna device are directly connected and a second mode in which each delay line is connected to each helical antenna device so that a phase of a power feed fed from the power feed terminal and propagated from each delay line to each helical antenna device can be sequentially shifted by 90 degrees.

Abstract: An extremely miniaturized digital TV signal reception antenna built in a mobile device includes a substrate, an antenna unit and a switch unit. The substrate is provided with a plate having a grounding metallic surface and a first clearance surface. A second clearance surface is provided on the same side of the grounding metallic surface with a metallic microstrip line for electrically connecting to an output end of the switch unit. Input ends of the switch unit are electrically connected with a plurality of leads of the first clearance surface. The other ends of the plurality of leads are electrically connected with the antenna unit. Finally, when a tuner of a portable digital television switches the channels, signals of the switched channel are simultaneously output to the switch unit. According to the frequency of that channel, the switch unit automatically switches to a suitable range of bandwidth for receiving the digital TV signals, thereby performing the reception of the digital TV signals.

Abstract: An antenna (1) comprises a number of antenna units (10, 20, 30), each comprising a lens (11, 12, 13) and any array (21, 22, 23) of beam ports (32). The antenna units (10, 20, 30) are arranged in a stack, and are configured to transmit or receive signals from the same field-of-view. Each unit 10, 20, 30) is configured to operate in a different frequency band, with the lenses (11, 12, 13) being configured such that an approximately constant beam shape is maintained across the entire operating bandwidth of the antenna (1).

Abstract: A quad-band antenna device (10) for a portable radio communication device comprises two radiating elements (12, 14) of different lengths and two common conductors (18, 20) of different lengths. One of the common conductors can be selectively connected in and out with respect to radio frequency signals in order to adjust the total electrical length of the antenna device, thereby making it operable in four different frequency bands.

Abstract: A switchable patch antenna includes a ground plane, a metal patch, at least two feed lines and a switch. The metal patch is positioned adjacent, but not in contact with, the ground plane. Each feed line is electrically connected to the metal patch. Each feed line is substantially orthogonal to at least one other feed line. The switch is electrically connected to the at least two feed lines. The switch is operable to sequentially select between the at least two feed lines for exciting the switchable patch antenna.

Abstract: A transmitting/receiving circuit (17) holds a communication at a frequency f1 by using an antenna (11a) or an antenna (11b), and a transmitting/receiving circuit (3) holds a communication at a frequency f2 by using an antenna (1). In response to a receiving signal intensity, a switching circuit (14) connects any one of the antennas (11a),(11b) to the transmitting/receiving circuit (17) as a selected antenna for use in communication, and connects the other antenna to a terminating circuit (13) as a non-selected antenna. The terminating circuit (13) connected to the non-selected antenna has an impedance that satisfies a predetermined phase condition at the frequencies f1, f2 respectively, suppresses an inter-antenna coupling between the non-selected antenna and the selected antenna and the antenna (1), and suppresses degradation in antenna characteristic caused due to the inter-antenna coupling between the selected antenna and the antenna (1).

Abstract: Methods and systems for inter-chip communication via integrated circuit package antennas are disclosed and may include communicating one or more signals between or among a plurality of integrated circuits via one or more antennas integrated in a multi-layer package. The integrated circuits may be bonded to the multi-layer package. The antennas may be configured via switches in the integrated circuits or by MEMS switches integrated in the multi-layer package. The signals may include a microwave signal and a low frequency control signal that may configure the microwave signal. The low frequency control signal may include a digital signal. The antennas may comprise metal and/or ferromagnetic layers deposited on and/or embedded within the multi-layer package.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided an antenna apparatus comprising: a substrate comprising an end portion; antenna elements connected to the end portion through a connecting portion; and a conductive line path provided between adjacent antenna elements, both ends of the conductive line path connected to the end portion. A distance between both ends of the conductive line path is shorter than a quarter wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna elements. A path difference between a first path length from an connecting portion of one of the antenna elements to an connecting portion of the other of the antenna elements through both ends of the conductive line path and a second path length from the connecting portion of one of the antenna elements to the connecting portion of the other of the antenna elements through the conductive line path is a half wavelength of the operating frequency.

Abstract: Provided is an antenna which has a small-sized planar constitution as can be easily mounted on a small-sized radio device and which can form a principal beam having a vertical polarization in directions of low and high elevation angles. On the surface of a substrate 11, slot elements 13A and 13B having a length of about one half wavelength are arranged in parallel at a predetermined distance d1, and a reflecting plate 14 is arranged at a predetermined distance h from the mounting face of the slot elements 13A and 13B. On the back of the substrate 11, parasitic elements 15A to 15D are made of a copper foil pattern and are arrayed to intersect the slot elements 13A and 13B at right angles. A switching element 16A is connected with the parasitic elements 15A and 15B, and a switching element 16B is connected with the parasitic elements 15C and 15D.

Abstract: Antenna diversity systems are provided for portable electronic devices that have wireless communications circuitry and environment sensors. The wireless communications circuitry may include multiple redundant antennas that operate in one or more overlapping radio-frequency communications bands. The environment sensors and redundant antennas may be used in implementing an antenna diversity system. For example, an electronic device may use environment sensors to select an antenna for use in handling wireless communications. The electronic devices may monitor the wireless performance of an active antenna. When the wireless performance of the active antenna degrades, the electronic devices may select a new antenna for wireless communications using the antenna diversity system and environment sensors. Antenna selection may also be made based on which features are being used in the electronic device.

Abstract: A communication apparatus communicating other apparatuses includes: a switch for switching between a vertical polarized antenna and a horizontal polarized antenna; a communication device for transmitting and receiving the electric wave via one of the antennas, which is selected by the switch; a monitor for monitoring a relative distance between the apparatus and other apparatuses; and a controller for controlling the switch such that the switch selects the vertical polarized antenna when the relative distance is equal to or larger than a distance threshold, and the switch selects the horizontal polarized antenna when the relative distance is smaller than the distance threshold. The distance threshold is larger than a distance between the apparatus and a dip point.

Abstract: The invention is to improve antenna performance in an internal antenna in a closed state without deteriorating the antenna performance in a state where a foldable portable radio apparatus is opened. A foldable portable radio apparatus includes a foldable mechanism in which an upper casing 101 and a lower casing 104 are rotatably connected, a first conductor plate 102 and a second conductor plate 103 that are provided in the upper casing 101, and a feeding system that is provided in the lower casing 104, and connects an antenna element 107, a circuit board 105, the first conductor plate 102, and the circuit board, a detecting unit 109 that detects opened and closed states between the upper casing 101 and the lower casing 104, and a first switching unit 110 that switches between an electrically opened state and an electrically short-circuited state between the first conductor plate and the second conductor plate according to the detected result by the detecting unit 109.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antenna system, which comprises a transmitter component (1, 2, 3, 4), a reception component (4, 3, 10, 11, 12), and an antenna (5) connected to these. According to the invention, the antenna (5) is arranged to connect to different connection points (6, 7, 8) of the transmitter (1, 2, 3, 4) or the reception component (4, 3, 10, 11, 12).

Abstract: The present invention relates to wide-band high output power ultra-linear TDD switch systems for receiving and/or transmitting signals that can meet wireless communication and base systems requirements. They comprise of an antenna; one or more circulators; and one or more signal ports where at least one of the circulators enables a selectable path for a signal between the antenna and one of said signal ports. This selectable path may be uni-directional. For antenna switches that receive and transmit signals, these switches may have two signal ports, one for transmitting signals and another for receiving signals where at least one of the circulators enables a selectable uni-directional path for a signal between the antenna and a signal port; and at least one of the circulators enables a selectable uni-directional second path for a signal between the antenna and a second signal port.

Abstract: A method for controlling antennas of a mobile terminal device such as a laptop PC and a handheld PC without degrading communication speed or quality and a mobile terminal device having such control means are provided. The method comprises determining the usage of the mobile terminal device, determining an antenna to be disabled among the plurality of antennas according to the usage that is determined by the determining of usage, and disabling the antenna which is determined by determining of an antenna to be disabled, wherein the determining of usage determines usage based on the display orientation of the display unit of the mobile terminal device.

Abstract: A printed monopole smart antenna is provided. The smart antenna includes a monopole antenna having a plane for receiving and transmitting a signal, two conductors for directing and/or reflecting the signal to the monopole antenna respectively, and a circuit device electrically connected between the first and second conductors, for selectively switching the first and second conductors to determine an operation mode of the smart antenna. The smart antenna further has at least a groove in the ground for concentrating the current distribution and solving the influence of the antenna gain to the ground size. The sequence of the antenna pattern of the smart antenna is randomly arranged, depending on user's situation. When a plurality of printed monopole smart antennas are disposed on different directions of the WLAN AP/router, the omnidirectional radiation pattern will be obtained and the antenna gain will be increased.

Abstract: A tunable antenna comprises a conductor, a shunt inductance tuning element, a switch that controls the shunt inductance tuning element and the conductor, and a local ground connected to the shunt inductance tuning element. The switch is capable of activating the shunt inductance tuning element to change a frequency and bandwidth of the tunable antenna.

Abstract: It is an object to relieve deterioration in efficiency due to the influence electromagnetic coupling between antennas and to obtain a high diversity gain, and a high transmission speed and a large communication capacity in an MIMO system. In a portable wireless machine including two types of antennas 11A and 11B for receiving a digital modulating signal, matching circuits 12A and 12B set individually to the antennas 11A and 11B respectively, tuners 13A and 13B, demodulating portions 14A and 14B, a combining portion 15 for combining a demodulated signal, and receiving quality deciding portions 17A, 17B and 17C for outputting receiving qualities in respective branches and after a combination, a diversity effect decision is made by using the receiving quality after the combination and a receiving quality in a single branch receipt, and a matching condition of the matching circuit 12A or the matching circuit 12B of the antenna 11A or the antenna 11B is controlled corresponding to a result.

Abstract: A receiver system and method for receiving signals are provided, wherein the system includes a plurality of antenna elements configured to receive a transmitted signal. A receiver device is in communication with the plurality of antenna elements, wherein the receiver device is configured to emit an output based upon the received signal, and communicate a control signal that corresponds to a determined signal quality of the received signal. A switch device is adapted to switch among the plurality of antenna elements to electrically connect a selected antenna element of the plurality of antenna elements to the receiver device. A controller is in communication with the receiver device, such that the controller receives the control signal, wherein the controller commands the switch device to directly switch to any of the antenna elements to electrically connect one of the plurality of antenna elements to the receiver device based upon the control signal.

Abstract: A portable wireless unit having high antenna performance, which comprises: a first case having a first antenna element, a second antenna element and a second feeding section; a second case having a third antenna element, a third feeding section and a circuit board provided with a ground pattern; and a coupling section consisting of first and second electrically connected conductive coupling elements and coupling the first case and the second case to be extended and housed freely. The second coupling element is provided in the first case while being connected electrically with the first antenna element, the first coupling element is provided in the second case while being connected electrically with the first feeding section, and the first antenna element, the coupling section, and the ground pattern are operated as a dipole antenna.

Abstract: An electronically controlled monolithic array antenna includes a transmission line through which an electromagnetic signal may be propagated, and a metal antenna element defining an evanescent coupling edge located so as to permit evanescent coupling of the signal between the transmission line and the antenna element. The antenna element includes a conductive ground plate; an array of conductive edge elements defining the coupling edge, each of the edge elements being electrically connected to a control signal source, and each of the edge elements being electrically isolated from the ground plate by an insulative isolation gap; and a plurality of switches, each of which is selectively operable in response to the control signal to electrically connect selected edge elements to the ground plate across the insulative isolation gap so as to provide a selectively variable electromagnetic coupling geometry of the coupling edge.

Abstract: A dual-mode antenna device (20) includes a wireless module (207) and a second wireless module (208) transceiving signals of a first wireless network signal and a second wireless network. A first antenna (201) and a second antenna (202) transceive the signals, respectively. A first switch (203) is connected to the first antenna and a second switch (204) is connected to the second antenna. A third switch (205) is connected to the first switch, the second switch and the first wireless network module. A fourth switch (206) is connected to the first switch, the third switch and the second wireless network module. The first, third, and fourth switches collaboratively select the first antenna to transmit the wireless network signals. The second, third, and fourth switches collaboratively select the second antenna to transmit the wireless network signals.

Abstract: Provided is a portable terminal with a variable ground unit. The portable terminal includes a main board including a ground layer having a predetermined area; at least one antenna radiator placed at the main board; at least one conductor installed or formed in the terminal and spaced apart from the ground layer; at least one switching unit interposed between the at least one conductor and the ground layer, the switching unit selectively connecting the conductor to the ground layer through an electrical connection unit; and a controller controlling the switching unit so that the conductor and the ground layer of the main board are selectively electrically connected depending on a state of the terminal.

Abstract: A flip-open type mobile wireless device able to receive a signal of the same polarized wave both in an open state and a closed state of a movable part including an antenna with respect to a fixed part, provided in the antenna with a first feeding point and a second feeding point for handling different polarized waves, an open/close detecting unit for detecting which of the opened/closed states the movable part is in relative to the fixed part, and a feed switching unit for feeding electric power to the first feeding point when detecting the open state thereof and feeding electric power to the second feeding point when detecting the closed state thereof.

Abstract: An antenna device for a portable terminal, which includes an antenna module disposed in an antenna jack of a terminal capable of TV service, the antenna module receiving broadcasting signals depending on mounting/demounting of an external antenna. The antenna device for a portable terminal includes an antenna module disposed along the outer circumference of the antenna jack, which receives broadcasting signals depending on mounting/demounting of the external antenna; an insulator module; and an antenna switch module. The external antenna provides a broadcast signal to the terminal when connection jack of the external antenna is joined with the antenna jack. The antenna module provides broadcast signals when the connection jack external antenna is separated from the antenna jack.

Abstract: A mobile wireless communications device may include a plurality of antennas, a plurality of wireless transceivers, and signal processing circuitry. The device may further include a controller for selectively switching the signal processing circuitry to a desired one of the wireless transceivers, and for selectively switching a desired one of the antennas to the desired one of the wireless transceivers. Moreover, the controller may also be for selectively connecting and disconnecting the at least one other one of the antennas to an unused one of the wireless transceivers.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compact antenna system having multiple antennas exhibiting polarization and pattern diversity. The system comprises at least two antennas which may have different polarizations, operatively coupled to a passive element which operates as a Balun for a first antenna and which is configured to absorb and re-radiate electromagnetic radiation from the second antenna to produce a desired radiation pattern. The present invention also provides for additional antennas operatively coupled to the passive element or to the first antenna to provide additional diversity.

Abstract: A MIMO wireless communications device supports a dual polarized mode of antenna operation and a single polarized mode of antenna operation. Antenna mode selection is performed as a function of signal to noise ratio information and/or rank information corresponding to a communications channel matrix. One of a communications device's processing chains is switched between first and second polarization orientation antennas, e.g., vertical and horizontally polarized antennas, as a function of the antenna mode selection. In various embodiments, the dual polarized mode is advantageously used for high SNR users, while in the low SNR regime, where the capacity is limited by received power, the single polarized antenna configuration, sometimes referred to as the spatial MIMO configuration, is used.

Abstract: A self-similar multiband reconfigurable antenna includes a planar antenna structure formed on a surface of a substrate, the antenna structure including symmetrically opposed self-similar geometry antenna arms defining a self-similar or Sierpinski gasket configuration for each arm of the antenna. MEMS type switches are provided for operatively connecting adjacent antenna patches on each arm of the antenna configuration, and a voltage source is provided for selectively actuating the switches. Selective actuation of the switches enables up to four different antenna configurations each having a different resonant frequency, and wherein each resonant frequency demonstrates a similar radiation pattern.

Abstract: An antenna whose resonance and electromagnetic radiation properties can be modified by environmental conditions, acoustic conditions, and the like. The reconfiguring antenna acts to facilitate wireless transmission of information about the local environment without the need for local power.