Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of communications, and in particular relates to an array antenna apparatus and a preparation method therefor, and an electronic device. The array antenna apparatus includes a first substrate and a second substrate which are provided from top to bottom. A first antenna is provided on the first substrate, a second antenna is provided on the second substrate, the first antenna is provided with a plurality of array elements arranged in an array, the second antenna is provided with a plurality of array elements arranged in an array, and the projections, on the second substrate, of all the array elements of the first antenna and all the array elements of the second antenna do not completely coincide. The present invention has the advantages of low sidelobe, large bandwidth, and multiple beams, etc.

Abstract: An optically transparent antenna stack includes at least two stacked optically transparent antennas. Each antenna includes an electrically conductive metal mesh including a plurality of interconnected electrically conductive metal traces defining a plurality of enclosed open areas. The metal mesh of each antenna and each lead has a percent open area greater than about 50%. The at least two stacked optically transparent antennas includes a first antenna configured to operate over a first, but not a second, frequency band and a second antenna configured to operate over the second, but not the first, frequency band. The optically transparent antenna stack has an optical transmission of at least about 50% for at least one wavelength in a wavelength range from about 450 nm to about 600 nm.

Abstract: An ultra-wide band antenna is disclosed. The antenna generally includes a substrate having a top surface and a bottom surface. A first radiator having a positive polarization is disposed at the top surface, and a second radiator and a third radiator, each having a negative polarization, are disposed at the bottom surface. The first, second, and third radiators each have a minor portion and a major portion which are parallel with respect to each other. Size of each radiator in descending order from largest to smallest radiator is the second radiator, the first radiator, and the third radiator.

Abstract: A lens elements array comprises at least two lens elements aligned along an alignment axis. Each lens element includes a spherical lens and a feed element. The feed elements are tilted such that the RF signals generated by the feed elements have major axes form an angle (preferably between 5° and 30°) other than a perpendicular angle with respect to the alignment axis. The combined RF signals produced collectively by these feed elements have amplitude that has minimal dips across the array. The feed elements that are farther away from the center of the array have higher levels of tilts than the feed elements that are closer to the center of the array.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include a Radio Detection and Ranging (Radar) system with reduced transmitter antenna and receiver antenna mutual coupling. The radar system includes a transmitter antenna disposed on a first side of the dielectric substrate and a receiver antenna disposed on the same side of the dielectric substrate. The radiation boundaries of the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna are substantially parallel to a line connecting centroids of the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna. The radar system also includes a ground plane disposed on a second side of the dielectric substrate, opposite to the first side, operatively connected to the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna through probes. The ground plane comprises at least one groove, separating vertical projections of the transmitter antenna and the receiver antenna on the ground plane.

Abstract: Two antennas based on quarter wave elements angled relative to each other and connected to two ground planes that are also angled relative to one another, having a shorting connection to cancel the extra capacitance and the antennas form a structure similar to IFA or PIFA. The two antennas fed from alternate ends and spaced closely together in which the connection of each antenna to ground causes the ground plane connections to be electrically far apart. A method of manufacturing an antenna system comprising antenna feeds which are connected via a spring pin and a ground pin that is formed partially by a screw connection, spring clip, or spring pin. The antenna elements are stamped and printed on a single non-conducting surface and the antenna carrier is connected to a circuit board that contains the active electronics.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for polarization division multiple access. A polarized antenna system having a plurality of differently-polarized antennas is envisioned for wirelessly communicating with a plurality of user devices in a wireless network environment. Each polarized pair of antenna elements, using a particular frequency, will transmit signals using a polarization-frequency pair and a base station will instruct user devices which polarization-frequency pair they should tune to for processing the appropriate downlink signal. Using OFDMA with a polarized antenna system increases capacity without the need for deploying additional base stations.

Abstract: A signal transmission apparatus is provided in the present disclosure, including: a substrate, and a BLUETOOTH antenna and WI-FI antennas which are provided on a same side edge of the substrate. At least two branches of the WI-FI antennas are provided, and the BLUETOOTH antenna and the WI-FI antennas are provided at intervals. According to the present disclosure, the BLUETOOTH antenna and the WI-FI antennas are provided on the same side edge of the substrate, and the BLUETOOTH antenna and the WI-FI antennas are provided at intervals, so that all the antennas of the signal transmission apparatus are provided at an edge of a terminal board, thereby facilitating signal transmission and solving a problem in the prior art that the BLUETOOTH antenna and the WI-FI antennas are respectively provided on two side edges of the substrate, affecting data transmission.

Abstract: A radar transmitter transmits a radar signal through a transmitting array antenna at a predetermined transmission period, and a radar receiver receives a reflected wave signal which is the radar signal reflected by a target through a receiving array antenna. A transmitting array antenna and a receiving array antenna each include multiple subarray elements, the subarray elements in the transmitting array antenna and the receiving array antenna are linearly arranged in a first direction, each subarray element includes multiple antenna elements, the subarray element has a dimension larger than a predetermined antenna element spacing in the first direction, and an absolute value of a difference between a subarray element spacing of the transmitting array antenna and a subarray element spacing of the receiving array antenna is equal to the predetermined antenna element spacing.

Abstract: This document describes techniques, apparatuses, and systems for an antenna-to-printed circuit board (PCB) transition. An apparatus (e.g., a radar system) may include an MMIC or other processor to generate electromagnetic signals. The apparatus can include a PCB that includes multiple layers, a first surface, and a second surface that is opposite and in parallel with the first surface. The PCB can also include a dielectric-filled portion formed between the first surface and second surface. The apparatus can also include a conductive loop located on the first surface and connected to a pair of lines. The apparatus can further include a transition channel mounted on the first surface and positioned over the dielectric-filled portion. The described transition can reduce manufacturing costs and board sizes, reduce energy losses, and support a wide bandwidth.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides apparatus, systems, methods, and techniques for cooling using a passive internal return loop with two-phase fluids. The cooling techniques may be applied to an advanced server rack having high power density servers. The server rack may be either packaged with one or more cooling modules or employ a fully sealed immersion configuration. For example, coolant in the vapor state may be separated from coolant in the liquid state in the two-phase coolant, and the coolant in the liquid state may be recirculated to cool the server (or other sub cooling systems) by gravity (i.e., pump-free).

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna assembly. The antenna assembly comprises a feed board, a backplane, and a calibration board. A plurality of radiating elements are mounted on the feed board and extend forwardly from the feed board. The feed board is mounted on a first major surface of the backplane, and the calibration board is mounted on a second major surface of the backplane opposite the first major surface. The antenna assembly further includes a conductive structure, which extends through openings in at least two of the feed board, the backplane and the calibration board so as to electrically connect a first transmission line on the calibration board with a second transmission line on the feed board. The antenna assembly according to embodiments of the present invention can also achieve high integration and miniaturization of the overall antenna construction. Further, the present invention relates to a base station antenna comprises an antenna assembly.

Abstract: An antenna module includes: an antenna-radio unit comprising an antenna and a radio transceiver in an integrated unit; a foundation plate configured for mounting to a monopole; a bottom plate mounted above the foundation plate to form a first air gap; a support member that extends upwardly from the bottom plate, the antenna-radio unit mounted to the support member; an upper plate mounted to an upper end of the support member; a fan unit mounted to the upper plate; a lower cap mounted above the upper plate; an upper cap mounted above the lower cap to form a second air gap; and a shroud that surrounds and conceals the antenna-radio unit and the support member.

Abstract: An antenna system mounted on a vehicle according to the present invention comprises: a first antenna comprising a plurality of conductive members and operating as a radiator in a first frequency band; and a second antenna disposed in the antenna system separate from the first antenna, and operating in a second frequency band higher than the first frequency band. The first antenna may include a loop antenna configured in a loop shape to surround the plurality of conductive members such that signals from the plurality of conductive members are coupled.

Abstract: An antenna array device provided, which includes a substrate, multiple antenna elements, a metal ground plate and a first isolation unit group. The multiple antenna elements are disposed on a first surface of the substrate. The multiple antenna elements have a first polarization direction and a second polarization direction opposite to the first polarization direction. The first isolation unit group is disposed between adjacent two of the multiple antenna elements. An arrangement direction of the first isolation unit group is perpendicular to the first polarization direction and the second polarization direction. The first isolation unit group is two isolation units which are adjacent, each of which comprises an outer end and an inner end opposite to the outer end. The inner end is connected to the metal ground plate disposed on a second surface of the substrate via a second via.

Abstract: An antenna system for a mobile communications base station and a method of operating a communications network including a base station is described. The antenna system includes an antenna array for beamforming and is configured either as a radar sensor, a communications antenna or a combined radar sensor. A radar image may be used to determine a map of objects in the vicinity of the antenna system and to adapt the beamsteering or beamforming of the antenna system.

Abstract: An antenna module, comprising: a first radiating element having a flat plate shape; a second radiating element having a flat plate-shape, disposed at a position different from a position of the first radiating element in a direction normal to the first radiating element, and having a resonant frequency different from a resonant frequency of the first radiating element; and a first feed line extending from a feed circuit, passing through the second radiating element, and configured to transmit a radio frequency signal to the first radiating element, wherein the first feed line includes, at a position different from a position of the second radiating element in a path from the feed circuit to the first radiating element, a shift region extending in a direction orthogonal to the direction normal to the first radiating element.

Abstract: A method for performing a beamformed transmission and/or reception in a wireless communication using an antenna array comprising a first sub-array of first antenna elements each having a first polarization and a second sub-array of second antenna elements each having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization is provided. The method comprises obtaining a first weight vector for the first sub-array and a second weight vector for the second sub-array. The first weight vector and the second weight vector optimize a utility function. The utility function comprises a first term depending on a first function of the first weight vector and on a second function of the second weight vector. The utility function further comprises a second term depending on either one of the first function and the second function. Performing the beamformed transmission using the obtained first weight vector and the second weight vector.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Repetitions of a reference signal may be transmitted by a first device. In some examples, the repetitions may be quasi-colocated with one another, share an antenna port, or both. The repetitions of the reference signal may arrive at a reconfigurable surface. The reconfigurable surface may apply a modulation sequence to the repetitions of the reference signal and output modulated repetitions of the reference signal in a direction based on a reflective state of the reconfigurable surface. A signal including the modulated repetitions of the reference signal may be received by a second device and combined with the modulation sequence used by the reconfigurable surface to obtain a combined signal. The combined signal may be used to determine, for the reconfigurable surface, information about a channel between the first device and the second device.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna device, antenna system, and methods to create, and install or modify, an antenna profile for an antenna device so as to direct remotely the propagation of radio frequency signal from the antenna device to targeted radio frequency geographic coverage areas. Ports may be selected to activate spatial segments created by the configuration of the reflectors, joined about a cylindrical core, which may be quadrants when the reflectors are configured into a cross-like shape. The system provides aid in orienting an antenna, upon installation, to a pre-designated geographic heading. Optionally, the tilt of each quadrant of an antenna device may be determined so as to ensure proper radio frequency coverage.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a housing, a first feed source, a second feed source, and a resonance circuit. The housing includes a first and a second radiator spaced to each other and grounded. The first feed source feeds current into the first radiator to activate a first mode, a second mode, and a third mode to generate radiation signals in a first frequency band, a second frequency band, and a third frequency band. The second feed source feeds current into the second radiator to activate a fourth mode to generate radiation signals in a fourth frequency band. The resonance circuit adjusts a radiation frequency band of the second radiator according to an impedance of the resonance circuit. The first radiator adjusts the third mode according to the radiation frequency band of the second radiator. A wireless communication device employing the antenna structure is also provided.

Abstract: A method for hybrid RF beamforming comprising: providing an antenna structure which comprises: a driven element, parasitic elements configured to couple/decouple a linearly polarized radiation pattern and arranged around the driven elements, a feed system comprising four ports that are 90 degrees out of phase with each other and are connected to the driven element, RF switches electrically connected to the parasitic elements and the four ports, and a controller operatively connected to the RF switches; selectively attenuating an output of each of the four ports with the controller according to a stored configuration, which is stored in a memory, by changing the four ports' respective phase or attenuation; and selectively changing a loading of each parasitic element by activating each parasitic element's corresponding RF switch with the controller according to the stored configuration so as to produce a desired null/beamforming of a main RF beam.

Abstract: Antenna device which is suitable for wireless communications according to a 5G network standard, wherein the antenna device comprises, or consists of: i) a primary layer having a top side and a bottom side, the primary layer comprising a multitude of adjacent antenna units wherein each antenna unit has a respective electrically conductive antenna plate which is present at the top side of the primary layer, and ii) a dielectric resonator body which comprises, or consists of, a resonator base layer having a top side and a bottom side, which top side is provided with a multitude of adjacent resonator units, wherein the resonator base layer and the resonator units are made of dielectric material, wherein the bottom side of the dielectric resonator body is provided on the top side of the primary layer, and wherein above the antenna plate of each antenna unit a corresponding resonator unit is present.

Abstract: According to certain embodiments, an electronic device comprises: a housing; and a printed circuit board positioned within the housing, and having a conductive pattern inside the printed circuit board, the printed circuit board having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, wherein the printed circuit board comprises: a first conductive layer located closer to the first surface than to the second surface and comprising a first antenna element and a second antenna element, wherein the first antenna element and the second antenna element are non-overlapping; a second conductive layer forming a ground plane and located closer to the second surface than the first conductive layer; and a dielectric located between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

Abstract: An antenna array includes an array of antenna bodies arranged on a planar structure, which, in turn, contains a circuit board with a ground-plane layer. The array of antenna bodies is arranged on a top side of the circuit board. Each of the antenna bodies is dome shaped and attached to the top side of the circuit board along its base. Each of the antenna bodies is connected to a respective top transmission line configured to convey microwave signals to and/or from said antenna bodies. The top transmission lines are further connected to bottom transmission lines via coaxial probes through the ground-plane layer. A resonance cavity is arranged below the top side of the circuit board between each of the antenna bodies. This accomplishes a highly compact design that can be produced in a cost-efficient manner.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining segmented partition capture area by using a minimum detectable signal and a maximum interfering signal calculated from a driving point impedance. A signal channel of an analog-to-digital converter is selected and then a signal channel of a low-noise amplifier is selected in order to reduce the noise for the system using the method. The maximum value of the analog-to-digital noise and the minimum value of the analog-to-digital converter input signal sinewave signal are determined. The signal channel is designed by the use of a channel noise figure, a channel full scale input signal and a channel input impedance. A maximum interfering signal is defined by the channel full scale signal to set a limit on the segmented partition capture area.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a first communication circuit including a first transmission port which outputs a transmission signal of first communication and a first reception port which receives a reception signal of the first communication, a second communication circuit including a second transmission port which outputs a transmission signal of second communication and a second reception port which receives a reception signal of the second communication, a first branching filter connected to a first antenna and the first communication circuit, a second branching filter connected to a second antenna and the first communication circuit, a first switch connected to the second communication circuit through the second transmission port and the second reception port and connected to switch between the first branching filter, the second branching filter, and a third antenna, and a fourth antenna connected to the second communication circuit through the second reception port.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna device, and especially, comprises: a printed board assembly (PBA hereinafter) which has a plurality of antenna-related components mounted to one surface, and has a plurality of filters mounted to the other surface; and an antenna board which is stacked and disposed on the one surface side of the PBA, has a plurality of antenna elements mounted to one surface, and is connected to the filters tightly adhering to the other surface, so as to establish an electrical signal line with the filters, wherein the filters are spaced apart from the other surface of the PBA and have clamshell parts integrally formed so as to prevent a signal leakage from the electrical signal line, and thus an advantage is provided of enabling the improvement of the overall heat dissipation performance and filter performance of the filters.

Abstract: An antenna module of the electronic device includes a first radiator and a second radiator. The first radiator and the second radiator respectively correspond to different communication frequency bands, and the first radiator includes: a first sub-radiator, a second sub-radiator, a first connection portion, and a second connection portion. A common feeding structure is disposed between the first sub-radiator and the second radiator, and the first sub-radiator is connected to the second sub-radiator through the first connection portion and the second connection portion. The common feeding structure and the first sub-radiator are disposed on a non-metallic area of an inner side surface of a housing of the electronic device, the second sub-radiator is disposed on a non-metallic area of an outer surface of the housing, and the second radiator is disposed on a non-metallic area of the inner side surface or a non-metallic area of the outer surface.

Abstract: An electronic control device may be configured to be integrated, or coupled, with a bicycle to control bicycle components. The electronic control device may wirelessly control bicycle components to trigger an action when actuated. The electronic control device may be dimensioned to have a mating surface contoured to matingly engage with a mounting surface of a bicycle, such as on a handlebar. The electronic control device may also be dimensioned to have a compact and/or concealed appearance aided by a low profile relative to the bicycle mounting surface selected for the control device.

Abstract: A dipole antenna array includes at least two dipole antenna elements. Each respective dipole antenna element has at one end a fold which consists of a bend, a bent region, and the projection of the bent region of the dipole antenna element onto a length of the dipole antenna element. Each respective dipole antenna element at least partially encloses a cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a domain decomposition method and system for electromagnetic simulation. The method includes: dividing an antenna structure model into multiple subdomains, where each of the subdomains corresponds to a structure in one to-be-simulated array antenna; subdividing each of the subdomains by a tetrahedral network to obtain multiple tetrahedrons; obtaining a vector basis function of each edge of each of the tetrahedrons according to vertex positions and lengths of the edges of the tetrahedron; and calculating an electric field value and a magnetic field value of any point in a tetrahedron to which each of the edges belongs using a vector basis function corresponding to the edge and a double curl electric field wave equation of a subdomain to which the edge belongs.

Abstract: A signal radiation device and an antenna structure are provided. The signal radiation device includes a first signal radiator, a second signal radiator, and a reflective signal radiator. The first signal radiator is configured to perform a transceiving operation on a first signal along a first direction. The second signal radiator is disposed by overlapping with the first signal radiator, and is configured to perform the transceiving operation on at least one second signal along a second direction and/or a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are different. The reflective signal radiator is disposed between the first signal radiator and the second signal radiator, and is configured to perform the transceiving operation on a third signal omnidirectionally. A frequency band of the third signal is lower than a frequency band of the first signal and a frequency band of the second signal.

Abstract: A stacked patch antenna comprises two or more patch antennas physically disposed in a stack to provide a multi-frequency or broad band antenna. However, independence of the resonant response frequencies of the lower and upper patches of each stacked patch antenna pair ground requires metallization dimensions for the upper patch's lower surface be contained within the perimeter of the lower patch's resonant metallization. Accordingly, composite stacked patch element dimensions are limited by the desired resonant frequency of the lower patch. The inventors have established an alternate physical structure where the resonant patch geometry of the lower patch element's upper metallization is not limited by the lower surface ground plane metallization of the first upper patch element. The inventors have also established design solutions allowing the lower frequency performance of the first, lower patch within a stacked patch antenna to be lowered without compromising the footprint of the resulting antenna.

Abstract: A magnetic shielding sheet and a manufacturing method therefor are provided. The magnetic shielding sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is placed on one surface of an antenna comprising a hollow part disposed at the center thereof and having a predetermined area and a pattern part surrounding the hollow part, may comprise: a sheet body which is made of a magnetic material so as to be able to shield a magnetic field; and at least one eddy current-reducing pattern part which is formed in the sheet body so as to increase the resistance of the sheet body so that the occurrence of eddy current can be reduced.

Abstract: A conductive pattern according to an embodiment includes a metal pattern and a blackened pattern which covers the metal pattern, wherein at least one of the metal pattern and the blackened pattern has a reverse taper shape. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the conductive pattern from being viewed by a user and improve image quality.

Abstract: A terminal device is provided, including: a metal frame; a first metal sheet, where a feed point is disposed on the first metal sheet, the first metal sheet is connected to the metal frame, and there is a first gap between the metal frame and a part of the first metal sheet that is not connected to the metal frame; and a grounding plate, where the grounding plate is connected to the metal frame through a connection piece.

Abstract: An antenna is disposed, as a part of a conductor, on a substrate. The antenna includes a main plate providing a ground potential; and a patch portion arranged to face the main plate in Z direction. The substrate has a no-arrange region in which no conductor is arranged as a region between a periphery and the main plate in a plan view. A metal support portion of a case is in contact with the no-arrange region on a bottom surface of the substrate. The metal member is in contact with the no-arrange region on a top surface or on a bottom surface opposite to the top surface in the plate thickness direction of the substrate.

Abstract: Each of the plurality of transmission antenna groups includes a plurality of transmission antennas that are disposed at second intervals in a first direction, and are disposed at fourth intervals each of which is an interval of an integral multiple of a third interval in a second direction. Each of the plurality of reception antenna groups includes a plurality of reception antennas that are disposed at fifth intervals in the first direction, and are disposed at sixth intervals each of which is an interval of an integral multiple of the third interval in the second direction. The difference between the second interval and the fifth interval is the first interval, and the difference between the fourth interval and the sixth interval is the third interval.

Abstract: An transparent antenna includes a first substrate and a second substrate oppositely arranged; the first substrate includes: a first dielectric layer having a first surface and a second surface oppositely arranged; a reference electrode layer on the first surface; at least one first radiation part on the second surface and having a orthographic projection on the first surface at least partially overlapping an orthographic projection of the reference electrode layer on the first surface; at least one feeding structure on the second surface and feeding the first radiation part; the second substrate includes: a second dielectric layer having a third surface opposite to the second surface and a fourth surface oppositely arranged; at least one second radiation part on the fourth surface, an orthographic projection of each second radiation part on the first surface is within an orthographic projection of one first radiation part on the first surface.

Abstract: Multi-band, microstrip patch antennas, as well as methods of fabricating the same and methods of using the same, are provided. A decoupling technique can be used where strategically etched slots are provided between the tightly coupled microstrip patch antennas, and the appropriate mode excitation of the corresponding patch antennas can be used. The antennas have high isolation between the frequency bands of operation. Multi-band operation can be achieved by exciting a different mode on each contiguous portion of the patch antenna.

Abstract: A control unit for a motor vehicle is provided. The control unit includes a printed circuit board having a first side and an edge. The first side is delimited by the edge. At least one electronic component is arranged on the first side of the printed circuit board and is electrically conductively connected to the printed circuit board. At least one first conductor loop is arranged on the first side of the printed circuit board and at least one second conductor loop is arranged at a distance from the first conductor loop. The first conductor loop is arranged between the edge and the second conductor loop, and the second conductor loop is arranged between the first conductor loop and the at least one electronic component. An encapsulation surrounds at least the first side, the at least one electronic component, the first conductor loop and the second conductor loop.

Abstract: Provided are antenna arrays based on three-dimensional special-shaped wave-absorbing structures by the disclosure, and includes an antenna array fixing plate and a plurality of antenna array units, where the antenna array units are sequentially fixed on the antenna array fixing plate; each of the plurality of antenna array units includes an antenna transmitting channel, two antenna receiving channels and a pair of three-dimensional special-shaped wave-absorbing structures; the antenna transmitting channel is used for transmitting antenna signals; the antenna receiving channels are used for receiving the antenna signals; and the three-dimensional special-shaped wave-absorbing structures are used for isolating antenna signals of antenna transmitting channels of other antenna array units.

Abstract: An electronic package is provided and includes a first carrier structure having a plurality of antenna feed lines, and an antenna module disposed on the first carrier structure. The antenna module includes a substrate body having a plurality of recesses with different depths. Further, antenna layers are formed in the plurality of recesses and electromagnetically coupled to the antenna feed lines so as to improve the overall radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly.

Abstract: A low profile phased array antenna that is configured to be manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques is provided. In one or more embodiments, the phased array can include a plurality of signal ears, ground ears, and clustered pillars that can be arranged in relation to a base plate such that each component of the antenna can be manufactured from a single piece of material, thereby allowing for the use of additive manufacturing techniques which can substantially reduce the cost and time of the manufacturing process. The phased array can include a signal ear that include one or more posts that interface with an airgap located within a base plate of the array, wherein the size of the airgap in relation to the size of the post is configured to achieve an optimal level of impedance matching.

Abstract: A method for determining microphone position is a method for determining positions of a plurality of microphones in a microphone array having the plurality of microphones arranged in a plurality of concentric circles. The method for determining microphone position includes a constraint condition acquiring step of acquiring constraint conditions including the maximum number of the plurality of microphones; and a selecting step of selecting, from among a plurality of combinations of (i) the number of microphones included in each of the plurality of concentric circles and (ii) the radius of each of the plurality of concentric circles, a combination indicating directional characteristics with the smallest difference from a target value of the directional characteristics of the microphone array, where the plurality of combinations satisfy the constraint conditions.

Abstract: An antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes an antenna unit array including a plurality of antenna units, and a parasitic element disposed to be adjacent to the antenna units and to be electrically and physically separated from the antenna units. Each of the antenna units includes a radiator, and a transmission line including a first transmission line and a second transmission line connected to the radiator in different directions. The parasitic element includes a first parasitic element disposed between the first transmission line and the second transmission line included in the same antenna unit, and a second parasitic element disposed between the first transmission line and the second transmission line included in different neighboring antenna units. The second parasitic element includes a branched portion including a first branched portion and a second branched portion bent in different directions.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus establish a distance as well as to a vehicle. In the method for establishing a distance between a vehicle and an infrastructure device, at least two vehicle-mounted reception devices receive a signal transmitted by the infrastructure device. Each of the vehicle-mounted reception devices contains at least two antenna elements. For each reception device, a reception device-specific distance between the vehicle and the infrastructure device is established in accordance with the antenna signals generated by the antenna elements, and the shortest of all the reception device-specific distances is established as the distance.

Abstract: A first RF radiating element is transmissive to visible light and includes a first electrode and a second electrode. The first electrode is formed of at least one linear conductor. The second electrode is formed of a material having a visible light transmittance greater than the visible light transmittance of a material forming the first electrode. The conductivity of the second electrode is smaller than the conductivity of the first electrode. The first electrode and the second electrode face each other in a stacking direction. The first RF radiating element includes a first region, in which the first electrode overlaps the at least one linear conductor, and a second region, in which the first electrode does not overlap the at least one linear conductor, in plan view of the first RF radiating element in the stacking direction.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a first antenna array and at least one second antenna array disposed a substrate. The first antenna array includes a first monopole antenna element and at least a second monopole antenna element. A metal strip member is coupled to the first monopole antenna element and to the second monopole antenna element. The second antenna array comprises a dipole shaped coupler. The first antenna array and the second antenna array are spaced apart by a predetermined distance and occupy a common space.