Abstract: A method for segmentation of 3D structures in CT and MR images is provided. The method is based on 3D ray propagation by mean-shift analysis with a smoothness constraint. Ray propagation is used to guide an evolving surface due to its computational efficiency and shape priors are incorporated for robust convergence. The method includes the steps of receiving 3D image data; visualizing the 3D image data on a display device; selecting a structure in the 3D image data by placing a seed in the structure; initializing a plurality of rays from the seed to form a surface; determining a speed function of each of the rays; evolving the surface by propagating the rays based on the speed function of each of the rays; converging the rays on a boundary of the structure; and segmenting the structure when all of the rays have converged on the structure's boundary.

Abstract: A computer-implemented drawing tool provides a number of different measurement functions in the context of reviewing and marking up drawings. Drawings may be annotated by the drawing tool using a Measure object, wherein the Measure object is placed proximate to one of the other objects in the drawing and then queries the object for one or more measurement values stored therein. These measurement values may comprise a distance, a multi-distance (e.g., path of travel), or area. The Measure object displays the measurement values queried from the object when it is displayed on a monitor of a computer by the drawing tool.

Abstract: Binning polygons in a three-dimensional graphics system includes constructing a first bounding box around a first-level polygon, the first bounding box including tiles that contain the first-level polygon, subdividing the first-level polygon into second-level polygons if the first bounding box exceeds a predetermined size, and constructing bounding boxes around each second-level polygon. The second bounding box includes fewer tiles than the first bounding box.

Abstract: A computerized method and computer readable medium for adjusting a digital image obtained from scanning a document. An application processes the digital image to discern a border portion from an image portion. The application processes the digital image to determine whether an image portion of the digital image corresponds to a target orientation. If the image portion does not correspond to a target orientation, the application adjusts the image portion to correspond to the target orientation. The application further crops the adjusted image to entirely eliminate the border portion of that image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-level model-based intelligent agent diagnosis system and method for computer-controlled machinery operative to reduce the complexity typically associated with conventional model based diagnostic systems. The system utilizes a plurality of intelligent agents arranged in a plurality of physically hierarchical layers such that the tasks associated with accomplishing model based diagnosis are distributed amongst the intelligent agents if each layer wherein information gathered from a first lower level intelligent agents is processed by at least one other higher level to realize system fault diagnosis. The system provides increased processing speed of modeling and/or model identification such that faster and more accurate failure isolation and identification is accomplished.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, implementing and using techniques for processing a computer graphics illustration, the computer graphics illustration having overlapping objects. At least a region of the computer graphics illustration is broken up into tiles, without regard to the overlapping objects. The objects in each tile are processed to create vector output representing the tiled region of the computer graphics illustration. In one implementation, the boundaries of the tiles overlap. In an alternative implementation, the tiles are adjacent. In the latter implementation, information is obtained about physical pixel boundaries in an output device space, and each tile includes only pixels of the output device space that are wholly within the tile.

Abstract: A system and methods for accessing 2D digital images and 3D geometric models over a network (preferably the Internet) and transforming and composing that media along with 2D digital image and 3D geometric model media, acquired by other means, into enhanced 2D image and 3D model representations for virtual reality visualization and simulation is disclosed. Digital images and models from a network and other sources are incorporated and manipulated through an interactive graphical user interface. A photogrammetric media processing engine automatically extracts virtual sensor (camera) and geometric models from imagery. Extracted information is used by a reconstruction processor to automatically and realistically compose images and models. A rendering system provides real-time visualization and simulation of the constructed media. A client-server processing model for deployment of the media processing engine system over a network is disclosed.

Abstract: A shadow for a three-dimensional model having an infrastructure that includes a bone is generated by projecting the bone onto a surface and generating the shadow on the surface based on a projection of the bone. Projecting the bone includes drawing lines from the virtual light source, through points on the bone, onto the surface and connecting points at which the lines intersect the surface.

Abstract: A method generates a detail directed hierarchical representation of orientations of a surface of a graphics model. The surface of the graphics model is partitioned into surface cells, each surface cell enclosing a portion of the surface. The surface cells are stored in a hierarchical data structure having levels, wherein the number of levels for a particular portion of the surface is determined by surface detail of the particular portion. A visibility element of the enclosed portion of the surface is determined for each surface cell, the visibility element specifying an axis and a spread defining a range of normal values of the enclosed portion of the surface. The visibility element is stored with the associated surface cell. The surface detail of the particular portion can be determined by a degree of curvature and shading parameters of the surface of the particular portion.

Abstract: The present invention is for easily drawing a polygon model having borderlines at high-speed. The video game machine comprises a recording medium 200 for enlarging the 3-D model where a normal vector of each polygon faces the outside at a predetermined enlargement ratio, overlaying a back model, where a normal vector of each polygon faces the inside, onto the above model and storing the integrated model as a framed model in advance, and a drawing processor 10 for drawing only polygons facing the direction of the view point position of the virtual camera in a virtual game space on the monitor 22 based on the drawing instructions of the framed model.

Abstract: The invention provides improved interface tools, both physical and digital for performing two and three-dimensional spatial manipulation and two and three-dimensional gaming using a set of tangible tools. These tools are shaped to specific forms mimicking the tools' primary function. For example, one of the tools is shaped to resemble a pair of kitchen tongs, which gives the user the immediate perception that they are to be used for grabbing. Two physical or digital input devices can be used in conjunction to alter virtual objects. The invention also presents several novel tools to alter and generate three-dimensional objects, for example using an eraser tool, a deformation tool, a spray-painting tool, a smoothing tool, and a texture creation tool. The invention presents several novel means of interacting with video games using the tools mentioned above as a replacement for the standard joystick.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling the scaling of a 3D computer model in a 3D display system include activating a zoom mode, selecting a model zoom point and setting a zoom scale factor are presented. In exemplary embodiments according to the present invention, a system, in response to the selected model zoom point and the set scale factor, can implements a zoom operation and automatically move a model zoom point from its original position towards an optimum viewing point. In exemplary embodiments according to the present invention, upon a user's activating a zoom mode, selecting a model zoom point and setting a zoom scale factor, a system can simultaneously move a model zoom point to an optimum viewing point. In preferred exemplary embodiments according to the present invention, a system can automatically identify a model zoom point by applying defined rules to visible points of a displayed model that lie in a central viewing area.

Abstract: A method and system for utilizing processor(s) and bypass processor(s) of a computer graphics system are disclosed. The processor(s) and bypass processor(s) render primitives, which are ordered based on their left corners. The method and system include providing a merge circuit, a distributor, a feedback circuit and a controller. The merge circuit determines left and right edges for each primitive. The distributor is coupled with feedback circuit and outputs a first portion of the primitives. The distributor provides a second portion of the primitives to the processor(s) and a third portion of the primitives to the bypass processor(s) if the first portion includes more primitives than there are processor(s). The second portion includes no more primitives than there are processor(s). The feedback circuit, coupled to the merge circuit, re-inputs a fourth portion of the primitives to the bypass processor(s) until the first portion has been rendered for a line.

Abstract: A printing process for use in a computer system includes process steps to compare a first polygon object to subsequent polygon objects and/or compare a first bitmap to subsequent bitmaps, and to store only the attribute data of the first polygon object and/or attribute data of the first bitmap if the attribute data of the first polygon object is the same as the attribute data of subsequent polygon objects, and attribute data of first bitmap and subsequent bitmaps is the same.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided relationally modeling a trimmed NURBS surface. The relational model may be formed of a NURBS surface object, a trimming curve object that depends on the NURBS surface object, and a third object which depends on both the NURBS surface object and trimming curve object. Modeling a NURBS surface and a trimmed NURBS surface as separate objects eliminates the issue of circular definitions discussed earlier with respect to relational modeling of trimmed NURBS surfaces.

Abstract: A preferred method for producing a composite digital video data stream, which contains data corresponding to an image to be rendered, includes the steps of: receiving multiple digital video data streams, each of the multiple digital video data streams corresponding to at least a portion of an image to be rendered; and combining the multiple digital video data streams into the composite digital video data stream. Devices also are provided.

Abstract: A method for determining a position at which a polygon to be clipped is situated with respect to a clipping plane to perform clipping processing, includes the steps of selecting a bounding volume sufficiently enclosing the polygon, and judging a position at which the bounding volume is situated with respect to the clipping plane to be the position at which the polygon is situated.

Abstract: A method of setting a graphics container in a graphics device wherein a child application draws graphics within a parent application's graphics context. A parent application begins a graphics container, pushes the current state information to a container stack, and sets a new container transformation and a container clip region in the graphics context where the contained graphics will be displayed. The current world-to-device transformation is concatenated with the container transformation, and the current visible clip region is intersected with the container clip region for transforming the child graphics to the container. Further, an identifier is used to prevent the child from altering the container transformation set by the parent and from popping the container state stack. After the container is set by the parent application, the world and page transformations of the child application are set to default values and the clipping region is set to infinity.

Abstract: A run-time, frame-based processing mechanism executes a block diagram model by propagating frame attributes information from blocks on which a user specified the frame attributes information to all other blocks in the block diagram model. The frame attributes information includes an indicator that specifies whether or not the data flowing from one block to another is sample-based or frame-based, as well as the size of the frame in terms of number of samples and number of channels.

Abstract: A method and system for comparing a comparison source image to an active project in a viewer, particularly for editing the active project. The comparison source is stored or routed to a comparison buffer, and displayed within a comparison view in the viewer. The comparison view can be sized and positioned as desired to effect the desired editing function.

Abstract: Disclosed is a graphics processing apparatus capable of drawing graphics at high speed with a small memory capacity even in the case of drawing graphics in which a drawing element and a clip element exist mixedly or which has many overlaps. A drawing command is interpreted by a command interpretation unit and data is converted to linear vectors by a vector data generation unit. A display list generation unit generates a display list. With respect to graphics in which a clip element and a drawing element exist mixedly, display lists of both elements are merged and a clipping process is performed at the level of the display lists while executing predetermined determination. In the case of graphics having many overlaps, the overlaps are similarly removed at the level of the display lists. A display list drawing unit has a processing unit of 2N and performs drawing while executing a DDA operation in parallel.

Abstract: A system interactively edits a graphics object. The system includes a user interface for setting editing parameters, and providing a model of the graphics object. An adaptively sample distance field is generated from the model, and an interactive editor manipulates the adaptively sampled distance field. The manipulated adaptively sampled distance field is then converted to rendering primitives to be rendered by a rendering engine.

Abstract: A 3D surface is defined in terms of a set of vertices. The 3D surface and a pixel array are used to generate a 3D image. Portions of the 3D surface are selectively removed using selected criteria. In one embodiment, the 3D surface is defined in terms of a set of triangles, and the triangles are tested for compliance with selected conditions. For example, the triangles can be tested to determine their slope. Based on these tests, the triangles are excised from the geometric surface. In one embodiment, the selected conditions are based on a combination of the slope of the triangles and the color of the pixels bound to the triangles.

Abstract: A method of image data manipulation guides a beginning computer user through the process of applying an emphasizing effect to an object in an image, so that the beginning user who was previously unaware of the existence of such an effect, or of the mechanics of creating such an effect, may nonetheless emphasize an object in an image.

Abstract: A method of rendering image data for full parallax autostereoscopic displays. The method is based on a double frustrum camera technique, where two cameras provide image data from opposing sides of an image plane. The near clipping plane is located on the image plane. The distance between the near clipping plane and the eyepoint of the camera frustra is adjusted to minimize or avoid clipping.

Abstract: A 3D surface is defined in terms of a set of vertices. The 3D surface and a pixel array are used to generate a 3D image. Portions of the 3D surface are selectively removed using selected criteria. In one embodiment, the 3D surface is defined in terms of a set of triangles, and the triangles are tested for compliance with selected conditions. For example, the triangles can be tested to determine their slope. Based on these tests, the triangles are excised from the geometric surface. In one embodiment, the selected conditions are based on a combination of the slope of the triangles and the color of the pixels bound to the triangles.

Abstract: A system and method for rendering a graphic object that recursively subdivides a frame buffer into rectangular regions in an order determined by a space-filling curve. Each rectangular region is tested to determine if the region includes at least part of the object to be rendered. If it contains at least part of the object to be rendered, then the region is subdivided. In accordance with the present invention, the same tests are performed on the subdivided regions. This proceeds until the size of a subdivided rectangular region reaches a predetermined limit, whereupon the pixels in the subdivided region are rendered on a pixel-by-pixel basis.