Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a rotatable photoconductor, a laser light source configured to output a laser beam according to an image, a polygon mirror positioned to reflect the laser beam while rotating and cause the laser beam to be incident on the photoconductor along a main scanning direction to form an electrostatic latent image, a photodetector configured to detect the laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror, a developer, a transfer mechanism, and a processor. The processor (a) controls the laser light source such that a light emission intensity of the laser light source is constant when the laser beam is incident on the photodetector, regardless of a rotation speed of the polygon mirror and (b) controls the output timing of the laser beam based on a detection result of the photodetector.

Abstract: An imaging optical system includes at least one lens, and an optical element having a transmittance that changes in a radial direction perpendicular to an optical axis. The transmittance of the optical element is minimized at a first position in the radial direction separated from an optical axis position of the optical element by a distance smaller than an effective radius rd of the optical element. The transmittance at the first position is smaller than that at the optical axis position and that at a second position separated from the optical axis position by rd.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes a substrate, a phase change material cell on the substrate, the phase change material cell including an electrical heater on the substrate, an optical reflector layer on the electrical heater, and a phase change material layer on the optical reflector layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses methods and systems for submitting content for printing. The method includes receiving a document from a user, the document includes different types of content. A custom print option is provided to the user for selection, the custom print option includes one or more content types. The one or more content types are provided to the user for selection. The document is analyzed to identify different types of content in the document. Upon identification, content corresponding to the one or more content types selected by the user is extracted. The extracted content corresponding to the one or more content types selected by the user is sent, to a multi-function device, for printing. In this manner, the method enables the user to select, submit and print customized content from the document for printing.

Abstract: If the picture complexity is low then the number of pixels in a frame may be reduced. For example, pixel-to-pixel variation in terms of RGB color values can be used to determine the complexity of the frame. Frames can be characterized, in one embodiment, as non-complex frames with less pixel variation and complex frames with very high pixel variation. The high PPI may be used only for complex frames while non-complex frames can use low PPI. This method reduces memory fetching and pixel processing within the display engine and thereby saves power.

Abstract: This image processing apparatus inputs a density value for each pixel of image data and an attribute indicating an object type to which the pixel belongs, processes one pixel of input image data as a pixel of interest in turn, and in accordance with at least the attributes of the pixel of interest and two pixels which sandwich the pixel of interest, executes image processing for replacing the density value of the pixel of interest with the density value of one pixel out of two pixels.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive member; a scan unit configured to scan the photosensitive member with light based on image data, and form a latent image on the photosensitive member; a developing unit configured to form an image on the photosensitive member by attaching toner to the latent image formed on the photosensitive member; and a correction unit configured to correct an exposure amount of the photosensitive member such that a density change of the image in a main scanning direction due to a configuration of the scan unit and a density of the image to be formed is reduced.

Abstract: An imaging device for projecting individually controllable laser beams onto an imaging surface movable in an X-direction. The device includes a plurality of semiconductor chips each comprising a plurality of laser beam emitting elements arranged in a main array of M·N. The chips are mounted such that each pair of adjacent chips in the Y-direction are offset from one another in the X-direction and, if activated continuously, the emitted laser beams of the two chips of said pair trace on the imaging surface a set of parallel lines that are substantially uniformly spaced in the Y-direction. In addition to the M·N elements of the main array, each chip comprises at least one additional column on one or each side, each additional column containing at least one selectively operable element capable of compensating for any misalignment in the Y-direction in the relative positioning of the adjacent chips on the support.

Abstract: In a substrate processing apparatus, a phosphoric acid aqueous solution is supplied to a processor, and a liquid collection from the processor is concurrently performed. Further, a silicon concentration is adjusted, to supply an adjusted processing liquid to the processor. Thus, a phosphoric acid aqueous solution film is formed on the substrate. The liquid film is heated by a heating device. The heating device has lamp heaters in a casing made of a silica glass. The phosphoric acid aqueous solution on the substrate is irradiated with infrared rays. A nitrogen gas flowing in a gas passage formed in the casing is discharged towards a position outside an outer periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining a to-be-processed current point in a target area in a current frame, obtaining a first-type smoothing weight of a first-type neighborhood point in an Nth frame before the current frame with respect to the current point, where the first-type neighborhood point is an Xth circle point that encircles a point corresponding to a location of the current point and that is in the Nth frame before the current frame, obtaining a second-type smoothing weight of a second-type neighborhood point in an Mth frame after the current frame with respect to the current point, where the second-type neighborhood point is a Yth circle point that encircles the point corresponding to the location of the current point and that is in the Mth frame after the current frame, and performing smoothing calculation on the current point according to the first-type smoothing weight and the second-type smoothing weight.

Abstract: An exposure device irradiates a photoconductor with light on the basis of an exposure signal and thereby forms an electrostatic latent image. A toner amount calculating unit (a) determines a distribution pattern of the electrostatic latent image on the basis of the exposure signal, (b) determines an electric field variation level of a target pixel, (c) determines an electric field intensity of the target pixel on the basis of a value of the target pixel in the distribution pattern and the electric field variation level, and (d) determines a toner consumption amount corresponding to the electric field intensity. Further, using spatial filters independently of each other in a primary scanning direction and in a secondary scanning direction, the toner amount calculating unit determines the electric field variation level on the basis of (a) the distribution pattern or (b) the exposure signal.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is to acquire image data including primary color image data for primary color and spot color image data for spot color; generate primary color halftone data representing the primary color image data as a group of halftone dots, using a primary color screen specifying cyclic arrangement of lines of halftone dots; and generate spot color halftone data representing the spot color image data as a group of halftone dots, using a spot color screen having a second phase that is different from a first phase represented by the cyclic arrangement of lines specified in the primary color screen.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a specification unit configured to perform surface specification processing for specifying a reflective surface that deflects light; a correction unit configured to perform correction processing for correcting image data in accordance with which reflective surface deflects light; and a control unit configured to control so as to cause scanning of a first photosensitive member to start before the surface specification processing completes, and control so as to, after the surface specification processing completes, cause the correction processing to be performed, with respect to image data for causing light to be emitted from a second light source and in accordance with a specification result of the surface specification processing, and cause scanning of the second photosensitive member to start.

Abstract: A processing liquid is supplied from a supply tank to a processing liquid nozzle of a processing unit, and the processing liquid is supplied from the processing liquid nozzle to a substrate. The processing liquid used in the processing unit is collected and selectively supplied to first and second replenishment tanks. In a period in which the used processing liquid is supplied to the first replenishment tank, the supply tank is replenished with the processing liquid in the second replenishment tank, and the processing liquid in the first replenishment tank circulates while being heated by a heater. In a period in which the used processing liquid is supplied to the second replenishment tank, the supply tank is replenished with the processing liquid in the first replenishment tank and the processing liquid in the second replenishment tank circulates while being heated by the heater.

Abstract: An exposure device irradiates a photoconductor with light on the basis of an exposure signal and thereby forms an electrostatic latent image. A toner amount calculating unit (a) determines a distribution pattern of the electrostatic latent image on the basis of the exposure signal, (b) determines an electric field variation level of a target pixel, (c) determines an electric field intensity of the target pixel on the basis of a value of the target pixel in the distribution pattern and the electric field variation level, and (d) determines a toner consumption amount corresponding to the electric field intensity. Further, the toner amount calculating unit limits the electric field variation level to an uppermost value or less, the uppermost value corresponding to a value of the target pixel in the distribution pattern of the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image processing unit configured to perform image processing corresponding to an image forming mode on image data; a controller configured to control the image processing unit to perform the image processing corresponding to the image forming mode on measurement image data, control an image forming unit to form the measurement image based on the measurement image data, to control a measurement unit to measure the measurement image, and to control an image forming condition based on a measurement result. In a case where the measurement image is formed while the image forming apparatus consecutively forms a plurality of images in the second image forming mode, the controller controls the image forming unit to form the measurement image without performing the image processing corresponding to the second image forming mode.

Abstract: In one example, a document scanner having a document-receiving platen. The platen includes a plurality of alignment patterns disposed on the platen at known positions in a coordinate system. The scanner includes overlapping staggered scan bars disposed adjacent the platen, each scan bar fixed at a position to image a one-dimensional slice of a corresponding one of the alignment patterns. The scanner further includes a controller to determine, from the imaged slice, X and Y coordinates of each corresponding scan bar within the coordinate system.

Abstract: In one example, a printing process includes: forming a first latent image on a photoconductor; applying a first LEP ink to the photoconductor to develop the first latent image into a first ink image; forming a second latent image having a first part on the first ink image and a second part on the photoconductor; and applying a second LEP ink to the first ink image and to the photoconductor to develop the second latent image into a second ink image and form a composite on the photoconductor in which some of the second ink image overlaps some of the first ink image.

Abstract: A light irradiation apparatus includes an irradiation unit including a light source to emit light to a process-target object, a light source driving circuit to drive the light source, a light source controller to control the light source driving circuit to change a light output level of the light source, and a light spot controller to control energy or energy density of a beam spot of the light on the process-target object depending on an operation mode, and a transition mode that one operation mode is being changed to another mode. The light spot controller sets the energy or energy density during the transition mode lower compared to either of the energy or energy density during the one operation mode before the transition mode and the energy or energy density during the another mode after the transition mode.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image forming section that includes a latent image bearer; a charger to charge a surface of the latent image bearer; and a latent image writer to write a latent image on the charged surface of the latent image bearer. The image forming apparatus further includes a developing device to develop the latent image with a developer borne on a developer bearer; and a cyclical changing device including a controller and a write controller, in combination. The cyclical changing device cyclically changes a developing bias to be applied to the developer bearer while cyclically changing a charge intensity of the charger during the image formation by the image forming section. The cyclical changing device cyclically changes the developing bias and the charge intensity, and a latent image write intensity of the latent image writer.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes a resolution converting unit that converts the resolution of input image data into a low resolution by using a “reference shift” method; a dot processing unit that deletes a dot area that occurs on an edge portion of an object in image data that is obtained by the resolution converting unit; and a format converting unit that converts image data, from which the dot is deleted by the dot processing unit, into the format of an output processing unit that prints the input image data with a low resolution.

Abstract: An image processing method generates image data of an image made up of a plurality of dots and having resolution in a first direction and resolution in a second direction. The second direction intersects the first direction. The resolution in the first direction is different from the resolution in the second direction. The image processing method includes performing contour portion correction including adding a dot at a correction target pixel, the correction target pixel being a pixel adjacent to a step-like contour portion in the image, and when a dot is arranged at a pixel adjacent to a pixel of interest adjacent to the correction target pixel, deleting the dot at the pixel of interest.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes a generation unit configured to generate a composite image to be combined with an input image, a first calculation unit configured to perform, based on a type of the composite image, approximation calculation of a value indicating a toner amount to be used in printing the composite image generated by the generation unit, a second calculation unit configured to calculate, based on a value indicating a toner amount to be used in printing the input image and the value indicating the toner amount to be used in printing the composite image, which is obtained by approximation calculation performed by the first calculation unit, a value indicating a toner amount to be used in printing the input image combined with the composite image, and a notification unit configured to notify a printing unit of the value calculated by the second calculation unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a photoconductor drum; an optical scanning device that drives a light source to scan a surface of the photoconductor drum and form a latent image on the surface; a developing device that develops the latent image; and a density detector to detect density variation of an image in a rotation direction of the photoconductor drum, the image being developed by the developing device. The optical scanning device includes a processing device that is capable of correcting a driving signal for driving the light source on a basis of an output signal of the density detector to adjust at least either one of a correction period and a correction strength of correction data for the driving signal for a rotation period of the photoconductor drum.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image processor configured to perform first image processing on image data having a first resolution and to add tag data to a target pixel where second image processing is to be performed; a resolution converter configured to convert the image data into image data having a second resolution higher than the first resolution, and to perform the second image processing based on arrangement of the image data having the first resolution and the tag data; a pulse generator configured to generate an on-off modulation signal and an application-current switching signal in accordance with the image data having undergone the second image processing; and a light source driver configured to drive the light source in accordance with a current setting value output from an application current setter depending on the application-current switching signal and the on-off modulation signal.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an electrostatic latent image bearer; a charger to charge a surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer; a power source to output a charging bias supplied to the charger; an electrostatic latent image writing unit to write an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrostatic latent image bearer charged by the charger; a developing unit including a developing member to develop the electrostatic latent image to obtain a toner image; a developing power source to output a developing bias supplied to the developing unit; a processor to adjust the charging bias output from the power source to a predetermined target value; and a storage unit to store an adjustment value algorithm.

Abstract: There are provided an image formation device, an image formation method, a program, and an image forming product capable of preventing noise and granularity of an image from deteriorating even when dots with a plurality of dot sizes are arranged to be aggregated. When a continuous tone image signal is a signal which indicates a tint image, at least one of dot aggregation portions 16, 18, 68, and 72 is formed through arrangement for aggregation of dots 14 (dots 14L and 14S) with two or more dot sizes, on a part of dot images 10, 12, 66, and 70 which are indicated by dot image signals. In addition, the dot aggregation portions 16, 18, 68, and 72 are formed through arrangement for non-aggregation of the dots 14 (dots 14L) with at least one dot size.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises: a counting unit which counts the number of pixels at each tone level in a halftone image corresponding to an input image; a determination unit which determines a halftone region in the halftone image; an acquisition unit which acquires tone characteristic information of an output density of the image forming apparatus; a correction unit which obtains a density in a region to be formed by using a developing material from the number of pixels at each of the tone levels and information of the halftone region and correct the density in accordance with the tone characteristic information; and a first prediction unit which predicts a consumption amount of the developing material by using the density corrected by the correction unit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes estimating a quantity of toner to be used to print a job at a printer by calculating a buildup of toner at edges of data on each page of the print job.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a body, a cartridge, detachably mountable to the body, configured to form a toner image, an information recording portion provided in the cartridge and configured to record information, a control portion provided in the body and configured to electrically communicate with the information recording portion, and a connector provided in the body and configured to electrically connect the control portion with the information recording portion. The connector has a temperature detecting portion configured to detect temperature.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus uses an edge component of an input image in which a little low-frequency component of a dark part is retained as a luminance signal, synthesizes a large blurring component generated from the input image as a color component, and realizes a taste of natural watercolor paintings in which gradation is not inverted from a bright part to the dark part when a color is placed on a rough line drawing in watercolor-like processing.

Abstract: A system includes a structure module, graininess module, mottle module, and standard deviation (STD) module. The structure module is to identify a structure metric based on an input digital image, and remove a structured nonuniformity from the input digital image to produce a second input digital image. The graininess module is to identify a graininess metric based on the second input digital image. The mottle module is to identify a mottle metric based on the second input digital image. The STD module is to identify a STD metric that is to correspond to overall smoothness of the input digital image.

Abstract: In the generation of a threshold matrix for Nx speed writing, first and second areas are set, the first area being a cluster of a plurality of first partial areas substantially evenly distributed in a matrix space, and the second area being an area of the matrix space excluding the first area. Next, at least two writing elements in each of the first partial areas are allocated occurrence numbers and changed into determined elements. Then, at least one writing element in the second area is allocated an occurrence number and changed into a determined element. Thereafter, the other writing elements are allocated occurrence numbers and changed into determined elements. In accordance with the occurrence numbers, the threshold value of each writing element is determined to obtain a threshold matrix for Nx speed writing. This results in a reduction in the graininess of an image in a highlight area.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image information retrieval unit that retrieves image information of an image to be formed on a recording material, a density information retrieval unit that retrieves information relating to an image density of the image to be formed in accordance with the image information through analysis of the image information retrieved by the image information retrieval unit, an exposure unit that exposes a rotating image carrier to light in response to the image information retrieved by the image information retrieval unit, and a setting unit that sets, in accordance with the information relating to the image density retrieved by the density information retrieval unit, an exposure period according to which the exposure unit exposes the rotating image carrier to light.

Abstract: MFP matches low-resolution binary image data received by facsimile with a dot pattern showing a jaggy. If there is any matching region, the image data is converted into multivalued image data by performing jaggy correction in which the tone of a target dot in the region is substituted with a grayscale. MFP also generates a region identification attribute code based on the result of matching and the tone of the input image data. MFP enhances the respective resolutions of the image data after jaggy correction and the region identification attribute code. MFP then binarizes the image data having the enhanced resolution once again by a binarization method according to the region identification attribute code having the enhanced resolution.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus of this invention, when an exposure unit performs exposure, applies, to image data quantized by a first number of bits, compensation data for compensating for unevenness of the exposure intensity occurring on a photosensitive member caused by a lens array used in the exposure unit. This compensation data is obtained by quantizing, by a second number of bits larger than the first number of bits, data corresponding to a change in measurement value obtained by measuring unevenness of exposure occurring on the photosensitive member from a reference value used in the measurement, and requantizing the quantized data by the first number of bits by using sigma-delta modulation.

Abstract: A method is disclosed. The method includes generating a Continuous Tone Image (CTI) with all pixel values same as a first gray level, generating an initial Half Tone Image (HTI) with all pixel values equal to minimum absorptance level and computing a change in pixel error for a first pixel. The change in pixel error is computed by identifying a first pixel indicated in a valid pixel map, toggling the first pixel with all the possible output states and swapping the first pixel with all neighbor pixels only if the stacking constraint is satisfied, updating the HTI with the maximum error decrease operation and continue to next pixel location till the end criteria is met.

Abstract: An image recording apparatus generates black, cyan, magenta, and yellow halftone image data from a multi-tone color image. When the cyan halftone image data is generated, the size of a cyan dot to be formed at a target pixel position is provisionally determined and added to the size of a black dot to obtain a total dot size. When the total dot size is less than or equal to a first threshold dot size, the cyan dot size is determined to be the provisionally determined size, and when the total dot size is greater than the first threshold dot size, the cyan dot size is determined to be the largest dot size within the range of a difference between the first threshold dot size and the black dot size. It is possible to prevent excessive overlapping of black and cyan dots.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image forming method for forming, on an image carrier, an electrostatic latent image that has a pattern where there are an irradiated area and a not-irradiated area in a mixed manner, the electrostatic latent image forming method comprises; adjusting an exposure condition of an irradiated area that is included in the irradiated area and is adjacent to the not-irradiated area so that an electric field intensity of an electrostatic latent image that corresponds to the not-irradiated area is increased so as to prevent adhesion of a developer, and irradiating the image carrier with light under the adjusted exposure condition.

Abstract: A light-emitting chip includes: a substrate; plural light-emitting elements arrayed in line on the substrate, each of the light-emitting elements including a light-emitting region having a length in an array direction of the array different from a length in a direction orthogonal to the array direction; and a light-up current supplying interconnection including plural connecting portions, each of the connecting portions being provided on the light-emitting region of a corresponding one of the light-emitting elements in a shorter direction of the light-emitting region either the array direction or the direction orthogonal to the array direction, each of the connecting portions being connected to an electrode provided on the light-emitting region, the light-up current supplying interconnection supplying a current for lighting up to the plural light-emitting elements through the plural connecting portions.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus comprises a dither processing device that applies dither processing to input image data to express halftone using line screens by increasing an area rate of the input image data and a controller that decreases the number of line screens and maintains a prescribed dropout width between the neighboring line screens when the area rate of the input image data increases and the dropout width falls below a prescribed level.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus includes a communication interface unit which receives print data, a rendering unit which converts the received print data into a bitmap image by rendering, a binarization unit which generates binary data by carrying out halftoning with respect to the bitmap image, a data combining unit which generates multi-bit data by combining a plurality of successive binary data of the generated binary data, and a print engine which forms an image on a print paper using the generated multi-bit data.

Abstract: This invention obtains a high-quality output image in which a jaggy or a disconnection of a thin line hardly stands out. An edge detection unit detects whether the pixel of interest is an edge pixel or a non-edge pixel. A screen processing unit performs screen processing for the pixel of interest to determine the output value of the N-level tone. A calculation unit performs filtering processing having a preset visual sense characteristic for an area including the pixel of interest to calculate the target value of the pixel of interest, and corrects the value of the pixel of interest so as to come close to the target value, thereby determining the output value of the N-level tone. The selector selects, according to the detection result by the edge detection unit, either the result from the calculation unit or that from the screen processing unit.

Abstract: Various systems, methods, and programs embodied in computer readable media are provided for calibration of at least one half-tone density in a printer. In one approach, a method is provided comprising the steps of acquiring a plurality of half-tone density values from a respective plurality of test patches generated on a belt in the printer over a period of time, each of the test patches embodying an intended half-tone density, generating a mathematically smoothed half-tone density value from the half-tone density values, and calibrating a half-tone density in the printer based upon the mathematically smoothed half-tone density value.

Abstract: An embodiment of the image processing apparatus for controlling the lighting of a line head that is driven with binary data and performs exposure with subline lighting to thereby form images, includes: a subline generating unit that generates a plurality of sublines from a same image data; an inclination correcting unit that exposes the generated sublines so as to generate correction image data used to correct an inclination of an exposure position; a gradation control unit that controls the lighting of sublines based on the correction image data generated by the inclination correcting unit to express gradation; and a light intensity correction unit that corrects and controls the light intensity based on the correction image data generated by the inclination correcting unit, wherein an output of the gradation control unit and an output of the light intensity correction unit are input into the line head in parallel.

Abstract: An optical device includes a drive unit configured to drive a light source that outputs a laser beam; a detecting unit configured to detect the laser beam output from the light source; a converting unit configured to convert an output of the detecting unit into a value within a predetermined range; and a control unit configured to control the drive unit to switch a light quantity of the laser beam output from the light source from a first light quantity within an imaging light quantity range for forming an image to a second light quantity outside the imaging light quantity range, or vice versa. The converting unit converts an upper limit light quantity in the imaging light quantity range into a maximum value in the predetermined range, and converts a lower limit light quantity in the imaging light quantity range into a minimum value in the predetermined range.

Abstract: A dither matrix selecting device includes a storage unit, a determining unit, and a selecting unit. The storage unit is configured to store a first dither matrix and a second dither matrix different from the first dither matrix. The first dither matrix includes a plurality of sub-matrices. Each sub-matrix of the first dither matrix has a plurality of threshold values such that a single dot grows from a starting pixel as an input value increases. Each sub-matrix has a first region and a second region different from the first region. Each threshold value allocated in the first region is smaller than a prescribed value. An arrangement of each threshold value in the first region is identical for all of the plurality of sub-matrices. The determining unit is configured to determine whether or not toner accommodated in a printing device is a specified toner. The selecting unit is configured to select the first dither matrix when the determining unit determines that the toner is not the specified toner.

Abstract: Methods are provided to image patterns on a media. A pitch of a repeating pattern of sub-regions is determined and an imaging head is operated which has an array of individually addressable channels to direct imaging beams to form an image swath on the media. The individually addressable channels are controlled to image the repeating pattern of features and the pitch of the repeating pattern of features is adjusted to equal substantially the pitch of the repeating patterns of sub-regions.

Abstract: An image processing method generates a halftone image by forming a halftone dot represented by a set of one or plural output dots corresponding to an intensity of an input image signal while making a part of the dots constituting the halftone dot to be an actual non-output dot so as to reduce an amount of a coloring material of a halftone-dot portion. The image processing method includes holding in a predetermined storage medium halftone-dot profile data for forming the halftone dot corresponding to the intensity of the image signal and gap-size profile data representing a size of a set of the non-output dot; and generating the halftone dot comprising a gap having a size based on the gap-size profile data, a size of the halftone dot being based on the halftone-dot profile data.

Abstract: As set forth herein, computer-implemented methods and systems facilitate the generation of halftone screens for moiré-free color halftoning. A first fundamental frequency vector and a second fundamental frequency vector of a halftone cell are sheared using a selected shearing value. The shearing value is selected as an offset in a fast scanning or slow scanning direction. The selected shearing value satisfies various moiré-free conditions associated with the identified frequency vectors and is capable of being selected for multiple halftone screens. The halftone screens generated using the sheared frequency vectors are used for moiré-free halftoning.