Abstract: An exposing device is configured to form a halftone electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive surface by hatching having oblique lines inclined relative to a main scanning direction, and when an interval between first and second chips in the main scanning direction is larger than a first particular value, controls light emission of a plurality of light emitting elements such that light amounts of first and second light emitting elements are larger than light amounts of light emitting elements in a middle region and that the light amount of the second light emitting element is smaller than the light amount of the first light emitting element. The first light emitting element is a light emitting element provided on the first chip and closest to the second chip. The second light emitting element is a light emitting element provided on the second chip and closest to the first chip.

Abstract: An exposure device capable of precisely focusing light on a scanned surface to accomplish a good image quality is provided. The exposure device includes a substrate on which a plurality of light sources are arranged along a main-scanning direction, a lens array including a plurality of lenses configured to focus light emitted by the plurality of light sources on a scanned surface, and a housing configured to support the substrate and the lens array such that a certain spacing is maintained between the plurality of light sources and the plurality of lenses. At least a portion of the substrate is spaced apart from the housing along a sub-scanning direction.

Abstract: A method is described for adjusting the focus position of a linear printhead in a digital printing system. A line image is printed including a plurality of variable linewidth lines at different cross-track positions. A digital image capture system is used to capture an image of the printed line image, and a data processing system is used to automatically analyze the captured image to determine linewidth parameters representing linewidths of the plurality of lines. Linewidth progression functions are determined for the lines responsive to the determined linewidths, wherein the linewidth progression functions represent the linewidth parameters as a function of position. The linewidth progression functions are analyzed to determine defocus characteristics of the linear printhead, which are used to adjust the focus position of the linear printhead.

Abstract: An optical writing device performing optical writing onto a photoreceptor, including: a light-emitting unit including a plurality of light-emitting elements that form a plurality of element rows spaced from one another in a sub scanning direction, each of the light-emitting elements having a main scanning direction position differing from a main scanning direction position of any other one of the light-emitting elements; a plurality of signal output units, one for each element row, each outputting a light amount signal for each light-emitting element in a corresponding element row, each light amount signal indicating an amount of light to be emitted by a corresponding light-emitting element; and a plurality of drive units, one for each light-emitting element, each, when receiving a light amount signal for a corresponding light-emitting element, supplying a drive current in accordance with the light amount signal to the corresponding light-emitting element.

Abstract: An OLED module equipped with vertical electric connection structure includes a substrate, a plurality of OLED clusters, an anode wire structure and a cathode wire structure. The substrate is extended toward a first direction. The OLED clusters are located on the substrate in the first direction. The anode wire structure includes a bottom layer wire set, an insulation layer, a middle wire layer set and a top layer wire set. The bottom layer wire set is located on the substrate. The insulation layer is located on the bottom layer wire set. The top layer wire set is located on the insulation layer. The cathode wire structure is located on the substrate and extended axially thereof. The middle layer wire set runs through the insulation layer and forms vertical connection between the bottom layer wire set and the top layer wire set.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductive member and an exposure unit. The exposure unit has a supporting frame made of resin, a holding case attached to the supporting frame, a plurality of emitting elements and a lens array held by the holding case, and a grounded metal wire. The holding case is made of resin and elongated in a longitudinal direction. The photoconductive member is configured to be exposed to light emitted by the plurality of light emitting elements and converged by the lens array. The supporting flame holds the metal wire such that the metal wire extends in the longitudinal direction and faces the holding case.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an LED lighting arrangement, comprises: receiving an optical component having a diffusing material that is light diffusive and at least one photoluminescent material that is excitable by light of a first wavelength range and which emits light of a second wavelength range; receiving an LED assembly that is operable to generate the light of the first wavelength range and mounting the optical component to the LED assembly to form the LED lighting arrangement. The optical component having the diffusing and photoluminescent materials is mass produced separately from the LED assembly and can be selected such that light generated by the optical component combined with the light generated by the LED assembly corresponds to light of a selected color. Also disclosed are LED lighting arrangements, components for LED lighting arrangements and methods of fabricating an optical component.

Abstract: In a wafer bonding process, one or both of two wafer substrates are scored prior to bonding. By creating slots in the substrate, the wafer's characteristics during bonding are similar to that of a thinner wafer, thereby reducing potential warpage due to differences in CTE characteristics associated with each of the wafers. Preferably, the slots are created consistent with the singulation/dicing pattern, so that the slots will not be present in the singulated packages, thereby retaining the structural characteristics of the full-thickness substrates.

Abstract: A print head apparatus is provided for use with a xerographic printing device having a rotating photoreceptor with a curved conductive surface. The apparatus includes an LED bar print head configured for locating adjacent the photoreceptor; a first distance sensor located on the print head at a first location, the first distance sensor being configured for measuring a first gap between the print head and the photoreceptor at the first location; and a second distance sensor located on the print head at a second location, the second location being different from the first location, the second distance sensor being configured for measuring a second gap between the print head and the photoreceptor at the second location. The print head is configured such that the sensors are arranged on the print head such that the sensors are configured to enable a measurement of angular position of the print head relative to the surface of the photoreceptor.

Abstract: A light irradiation apparatus which has excellent maintainability despite an increase in its length and size is provided. A light irradiation apparatus includes a plurality of light irradiation modules arranged; and a casing which houses at least part of the plurality of light irradiation modules. The plurality of light irradiation modules each includes a light irradiation device, a heat-dissipating member, a cooling piping for supply, a cooling piping for discharge which discharges a coolant from the flow channel, an electrical wiring, and a cover. The casing includes a side-cover and an under-cover.

Abstract: A pixel circuit for AC driving, a driving method and a display apparatus relate to the field of display manufacture, and are capable of removing effect of internal resistance of a power supply line on the current for light-emitting and effect of the threshold voltage of the driving transistor on the display nonuniformity of a panel while effectively avoiding rapid aging of OLED. The pixel circuit comprises: a capacitor (C1), a first voltage input unit (11), a second voltage input unit (12), a data signal input unit (13), a first light emitting unit (14), a second light emitting unit (15) and a light emitting control unit (16). The present disclosure can be applied in display manufacture.

Abstract: An electro-optical apparatus is provided with a pixel where first scanning line, first signal line, second scanning line, and second signal line are wired. The pixel includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a first pixel electrode, a second pixel electrode, and an electro-optical material, and the electro-optical material is interposed between the first pixel electrode and the second pixel electrode.

Abstract: A system for cooling various components of an electronic display. One or more heat-generating components are preferably placed in thermal communication with a plate and ribs. One or more fans are placed to draw cooling air along the ribs to remove the heat removed from the component. Some embodiments may place the electronic image assembly in thermal communication with the ribs to remove heat from the electronic image assembly. Exemplary embodiments have power modules and the electronic image assembly in thermal communication with the ribs. Conductive thermal communication is established between the ribs and the components in the exemplary embodiments.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a deflector configured to deflect a plurality of light beams emitted from a plurality of light emitters that are mutually spaced apart in a sub-scanning direction; an incident optical system configured to steer the plurality of light beams so as to be incident on the deflector; an imaging optical system configured to steer the plurality of light beams so as to be obliquely incident on a surface to be scanned and to form images of the plurality of light emitters on the surface to be scanned; and a correction unit configured to correct a jitter of at least one of the plurality of light beams in a main scanning direction on the basis of irradiation position information, in the sub-scanning direction, of at least one light beam among the plurality of light beams at a point corresponding to the surface to be scanned.

Abstract: An exposure unit includes a lens group having a plurality of lenses arrayed in a first direction and an element array which is arranged to face the lens group and includes a plurality of organic EL elements arrayed in parallel with the first direction on a substrate, a drive circuit including a plurality of TFT circuits for controlling luminance per unit time of the organic EL element is arranged on the substrate, and the TFT circuit controls the luminance of the organic EL element based on a signal created by an area gray scale method.

Abstract: A light emitting module is disclosed. The light emitting module includes a circuit board, a plurality of light emitting devices mounted on the circuit board and spaced apart from each other, molding parts wrapping the respective light emitting devices, and a reflective member disposed on the circuit board to surround the light emitting devices. The reflective member has a height greater than that of each of the molding parts. The reflective member has a plurality of openings exposing the light emitting devices, and each of the openings has a reflective side wall extending upward from the circuit board.

Abstract: Each scanning optical system includes a first scanning lens and a second scanning lens through which a light beam is incident onto the first scanning lens. The second scanning lens of each scanning optical system is disposed at the optically most downstream side in the scanning optical system and has an optical plane that has the strongest power in a sub-scanning corresponding direction. In addition, the optical plane of each second scanning lens, which has the strongest power in the sub-scanning corresponding direction, is located under the shaft bearings of neighboring polygon mirrors in the vertical direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit having a plurality of photoconductor drums arranged in tandem; a conveyor belt arranged opposite to the plurality of photoconductor drums and configured to convey a recording sheet; a cleaning unit having a cleaning member positioned in contact with the conveyor belt to collect substance adhering to the conveyor belt, and a receptacle configured to store the substance collected by the cleaning member, wherein the cleaning unit is arranged on the same side as the image forming unit with respect to the conveyor belt; and a positioning member configured to cause the cleaning member to be positioned at a contacting position where the cleaning member contacts with the conveyor belt and at a spaced-apart position where the cleaning member is away from the conveyor belt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser module comprising several sub-modules (1) arranged side by side along a first axis (10) on a common carrier. Each of said sub-modules (1) comprises a laser area (8) formed of one or several arrays of semiconductor lasers arranged on a surface of the sub-module (1). Laser radiation emitted by each of said semiconductor lasers (2) forms an intensity distribution in a working plane facing said surface of the sub-modules (1). The sub-modules (1) and laser areas (8) are designed and arranged such that the laser areas (8) of adjacent sub-modules (1) partly overlap in a direction perpendicular to said first axis (10). With such a laser module a thin laser line focus can be generated having a homogeneous intensity distribution along the length of the laser line independent on the distance between the module and the working plane. The individual semiconductor lasers (2) may be VCSEL with a rectangularly shaped emission.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes; an exposure unit configured to perform, based on the image data, first exposure for a photosensitive member and second exposure for the photosensitive member exposed by the first exposure; a determination unit configured to determine a type of the image to be formed based on image data; and a control unit configured to control the exposure unit such that a difference in an exposure amount between the first exposure and the second exposure performed based on the image data when the type of the image is a character is larger than the difference in the exposure amount between the first exposure and the second exposure performed based on the image data when the type of the image is a picture.

Abstract: An optoelectronic semiconductor chip includes a semiconductor body, having an n-conducting region and a p-conducting region, and a single n-type contact element, via which the n-conducting region can be electrically contact-connected through the p-conducting region.

Abstract: An optical scanning apparatus includes a light source configured to emit a light beam, a rotating polygon mirror configured to deflect the light beam such that the light beam scans a photosensitive member, an optical box to which the rotating polygon mirror is attached and which includes a first portion, and a holding member configured to hold the light source, including a second portion and a protrusion portion, and attached to the optical box such that the first portion of the optical box and the second portion of the holding member form a gap therebetween, wherein the holding member is attached to the optical box with an adhesive poured into the gap, and the protrusion portion is arranged toward the optical box from the holding member along a position in the gap into which the adhesive is poured to prevent the adhesive from falling off the position.

Abstract: An optical print head, including: a light emitting substrate which includes a light emitting element on a base; a rod lens array which focuses light emitted from the light emitting element onto an image carrier, the rod lens array having a larger linear expansion coefficient than the base of the light emitting substrate; and expansion suppressing members which are attached to both lateral surfaces of the rod lens array in a direction that is perpendicular to an optical axis direction and is a shorter direction, each of the expansion suppressing members having a smaller linear expansion coefficient than the rod lens array.

Abstract: An image forming device includes a photoreceptor drum including a target surface that is scanned in a main scanning direction and a sub-scanning direction, an exposure head including a plurality of light emitting segments aligned in parallel to the main scanning direction, an exposure driving unit which selectively drives the plural light emitting segments, a storing unit which stores a profile where the respective positions of the plural light emitting segments correspond to a correction amount from the main scanning direction toward the sub-scanning direction at every position, and a correcting unit which smoothes a local change of the correction amount in the profile.

Abstract: A light scanning device includes a scanning unit and a power consumption unit. The scanning unit faces a scan surface and performs scanning by dividing one scan area into segments by having multiple light-emitting-element groups arranged in a predetermined scanning direction. Each light-emitting-element group writes an image onto the scan surface by causing multiple light-emitting elements arranged in the scanning direction to emit light in a time-division manner based on image information. The power consumption unit operates during a non-writing period occurring between scanning processes repeatedly executed in each light-emitting-element group, so as to cause consumption of electric power corresponding to electric power consumed for light emission in the light-emitting-element group.

Abstract: A laser marker includes a laser irradiation device that irradiates a card with a laser beam; a base unit that supports the card; a drive roller that is provided in the base unit and that is in contact with a lower surface of the card; a rotation member that rotates between a holding position and a withdrawn position, the holding position being a position in which the rotation member holds the card in cooperation with the base unit, the withdrawn position being outside of an optical path of the laser beam; a pinch roller that is provided in the rotation member, that is in contact with an upper surface of the card, and that transports the card in cooperation with the drive roller; and a prism that is fixed to the rotation member and that transmits and refracts the laser beam when the rotation member is in the holding position.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum and a light emitting device. In the rotational axis direction of the photosensitive drum, the width of the weak light exposure region on the photosensitive drum in which an exposing device emits weak light is larger than the width of a region corresponding to the width of a recording medium on which an image is formed, but smaller than the width of a region on the photosensitive drum charged by a charging roller.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for marking and/or scanning an object comprising a head, in particular a marking head or a scanning head, having a plurality of regular operating elements for marking and/or scanning the object, and comprising a driving mechanism for providing a relative movement of the object relative to the head in an advance direction during a working operation, at least a part of the regular operating elements being arranged in a rectangular pattern of rows and columns.

Abstract: A light source unit includes a surface-emitting laser array including light emitting units; and an apertured member provided on a light path of light beams emitted from the surface-emitting laser array, the apertured member including an aperture. In at least one direction, an intensity distribution of interference patterns caused by the light beams passing through the aperture includes an equal number of crests and troughs.

Abstract: Provided is an LED device which is capable of reducing the emission size without changing the size of an LED and is capable of switching the emission size arbitrarily. The LED device includes, on a substrate, a carrier control layer, a lower current confinement layer, an active layer, and an upper current confinement layer. A p-type electrode is provided on the upper current confinement layer. Two n-type electrodes are arranged on the carrier control layer so as to dispose the p-type electrode between the two n-type electrodes in an in-plane direction of the substrate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an image forming apparatus includes a photoconductive drum, a line-type LED exposing unit disposed to be opposed to the photoconductive drum, an exposing unit supporting tray configured to support the LED exposing unit to be capable of approaching and separating from the photoconductive drum in a radial direction of the photoconductive drum, an extending piece being formed in a part of an end of the exposing unit supporting tray, and a rod member disposed in parallel to the major axis direction of the LED exposing unit and moved in the major axis direction to thereby cause the LED exposing unit to approach and separate from the photoconductive drum in the radial direction of the photoconductive drum via the extending piece of the exposing unit supporting tray.

Abstract: A method, non-transitory computer readable medium, and apparatus for adjusting a light intensity of a printhead are disclosed. For example, the method receives an image comprising a plurality of pixels, calculates a correction factor for each one of a plurality of pixels of the image by applying a filter to each one of the plurality of pixels of the image and summing a contribution of the light intensity of each one of a plurality of surrounding pixels to a pixel being analyzed to calculate an overlap value and comparing the overlap value to a development threshold range and adjusts the light intensity of a light source of the printhead in accordance with the correction factor of each one of the plurality of pixels of the image that require toner.

Abstract: A light emitting element head includes a first light emitting element array, a second light emitting element array, and an optical device. The first light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in a main scan direction. The second light emitting element array includes a plurality of light emitting elements arranged in the main scan direction. The optical device focuses a light output from the first light emitting element array and the second light emitting element array on a photoreceptor to form an electrostatic latent image on the photoreceptor. The first light emitting element array and the second light emitting element array are overlapped each other in a sub scan direction in an overlapping section. Interval between the light emitting elements of the first light emitting element array are different from interval between the light emitting elements of the second light emitting element array.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a surface-emitting laser element having a light-emitting mesa structure with an emitting area including a high-reflectance portion and a low-reflectance portion includes forming a layered body that includes a lower reflecting mirror, a cavity structure, and an upper reflecting mirror on a substrate; forming a first area on an upper surface of the layered body; forming a second area having the same size as the first area on the upper surface of the layered body; forming a light-emitting mesa structure and a monitoring-mesa structure by etching the first area and the second area, respectively; forming a confinement structure including a current passage area surrounded by an oxide in the light-emitting mesa structure and the monitoring-mesa structure; and measuring the size of the current passage area of the monitoring-mesa structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser driver to drive at least one semiconductor laser, the semiconductor laser including a storage device, an emission-intensity setting device, and a drive circuit. The storage device stores emission-intensity switching data to control light-emission intensity of the semiconductor laser, the emission-intensity setting device sets the light-emission intensity based on the emission-intensity switching data stored in the storage device, and, the drive circuit generates a driving current to drive the semiconductor laser based on the light-emission intensity set in the emission-intensity setting device.

Abstract: The optical writing device includes: a light source including a plurality of light-emitting element assemblies; a line information storage for storing pixel information constituting an image; a light source driver for driving the light-emitting elements; an error information acquire for acquiring inclination error information and arrangement error information; a correction value generator for generating correction value information for correcting the inclination of the main scanning line; a correction value holder for holding the generated correction value information; and a driven pixel adjuster for adjusting positions in the sub-scanning direction, wherein the correction value generator generates the correction value information such that a position of the image to be shifted to correct the error of the arrangement of the light-emitting element assemblies is different from that to correct the inclination of the main scanning line.

Abstract: A disclosed surface-emitting laser module includes a surface-emitting laser formed on a substrate to emit light perpendicular to its surface, a package including a recess portion in which the substrate having the surface-emitting laser is arranged, and a transparent substrate arranged to cover the recess portion of the package and the substrate having the surface-emitting laser such that the transparent substrate and the package are connected on a light emitting side of the surface-emitting laser. In the surface-emitting laser module, a high reflectance region and a low reflectance region are formed within a region enclosed by an electrode on an upper part of a mesa of the surface-emitting laser, and the transparent substrate is slanted to the surface of the substrate having the surface-emitting laser in a polarization direction of the light emitted from the surface-emitting laser determined by the high reflectance region and the low reflectance region.

Abstract: A disclosed vertical cavity surface emitting laser device emits light orthogonally in relation to a substrate and includes a resonator structure including an active layer; and semiconductor multilayer reflectors disposed in such a manner as to sandwich the resonator structure between them and including a confinement structure which confines an injected current and transverse modes of oscillation light at the same time. The confinement structure has an oxidized region which surrounds a current passage region. The oxidized region is formed by oxidizing a part of a selective oxidation layer which includes aluminum and includes at least an oxide. The selective oxidation layer is at least 25 nm in thickness. The semiconductor multilayer reflectors include an optical confinement reducing section which reduces optical confinement in a transverse direction. The optical confinement reducing section is disposed on the substrate side in relation to the resonator structure.

Abstract: A surface emitting laser array element is disclosed that includes a lower distributed bragg reflector (DBR) that is formed on a substrate, an active layer that is formed on the lower DBR, and an upper DBR that is formed on the active layer. A mesa and a dummy mesa that is arranged at a periphery of the mesa are created by removing a portion of the upper DBR. The mesa forms a surface emitting laser, and a wiring is connected to an electrode that is formed on an upper face of the mesa. The wiring includes a portion that is arranged over an upper face of the dummy mesa, a side face of the dummy mesa, and a bottom face at a peripheral region of the dummy mesa extending along a longitudinal direction of the wiring.

Abstract: A drive circuit is provided for supplying a drive current to drive a plurality of driven elements. The drive circuit includes a switch circuit having an input terminal for receiving a drive signal alternately changing between an on state and an off state, and an output terminal connected to the driven elements; and a constant current circuit connected to the switch circuit for adjusting the drive current at a constant level. The constant current circuit is formed of a depletion type MOS transistor.

Abstract: An image-forming position displaces from an ideal position occurring due to a portion of a support substrate bending in a direction approaching a photosensitive drum. This displacement is set as a first gap data. Spot size expansion caused by bending of the support substrate can be reduced by using light amount control data that has been corrected in response to this first gap data. Furthermore, by using light amount control data corrected in response to second gap data that indicates displacement to an ideal position from exposure areas occurring due to decentering of the photosensitive drum, spot size expansion caused by decentering of the photosensitive drum can be reduced.

Abstract: A drive device to drive a plurality of three-terminal light emitting elements, comprising: a drive circuit including a first MOS transistor and configured to drive conducting three-terminal light emitting elements among a plurality of three-terminal light emitting elements based on a received drive signal. The first MOS transistor includes: a third terminal connected to a second power supply having a potential different from a potential of the first power supply; a fourth terminal connected to the second terminals connected in common, a second control terminal configured to control a conduction state between the third terminal and the fourth terminal based on the drive signal; and a substrate terminal set to have a potential different from the potential of the second power supply in a direction of increasing threshold voltage of the first MOS transistor.

Abstract: A substrate marking apparatus for use in combination with a substrate comprising a multi-color change diacetylene compound is disclosed. The substrate marking apparatus comprises: at least two radiation sources operable to emit radiation of different wavelengths, optical transformation elements and a control system. The control system takes digital file information and converts this to a set of emission instructions for the radiation sources. The radiation sources are then applied to the substrate in sequence and intensity determined by the control system such that the substrate is activated to change from a colorless state to any one of a range of multiple permanent colors.

Abstract: A light emitting diode (LED) array structure includes a substrate and a plurality of light emitting thyristors. The light emitting thyristors are arranged linearly on the substrate. Each light emitting thyristor includes a strip portion and a plate portion connected to each other, and the plate portions of the adjacent light emitting thyristors are staggered with each other, so as to maintain an arrangement density of the light emitting thyristors, and increase a distribution area of the light emitting thyristors. A printing head and a printing device with the foregoing LED array structure are also provided herein, so as to improve photoconductivity and printing speed of the printing device through the light emitting thyristors, which provide a raised light emission amount by increasing the distribution area.

Abstract: A drive device to drive a plurality of three-terminal light emitting elements includes a drive circuit. The drive circuit includes a first and second conductive type MOS transistor complementarily connected to each other and configured to drive three-terminal light emitting elements that are in conduction state based on a received drive signal. The first conductive type MOS transistor is formed in a substrate region and includes a channel formation region, which is a region wherein a channel is to be formed. An impurity with the same polarity as that of the substrate region is injected in the channel formation region.

Abstract: A driving device that drives a light emitting thyristor array includes: a first driving circuit operated by a second power source; a scanning circuit including plural stages of scanning thyristors and sequentially scanning the plural stages of light emitting thyristors, a second driving circuit operated by a second power source, generating first and second clock signals for driving the scanning circuit, and outputting the first and second clock signals from first and second clock terminals, respectively, a terminal of an odd numbered stage scanning thyristor is commonly connected to the first clock terminal, another terminal of an even numbered stage scanning thyristor is commonly connected to the second clock terminal, and a control terminal of a first stage scanning thyristor is connected to the second clock terminal via a first resistor.

Abstract: A surface-emission laser array comprises a plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements arranged in the form of a two-dimensional array, wherein a plurality of straight lines drawn perpendicularly to a straight line extending in a first direction from respective centers of the plurality of surface emission laser diode elements aligned in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, are formed with generally equal interval in the first direction, the plurality of surface-emission laser diode elements are aligned in the first direction with an interval set to a reference value, and wherein the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the first direction is smaller than the number of the surface-emission laser diode elements aligned in the second direction.

Abstract: Provided is printing apparatus which includes: a light-emitting device array and a photoconductor, wherein the light-emitting device array includes the light-emitting devices of the number greater than the number of pixels of a single line of the print image, data of the single line of the print image are allocated to a portion of the light-emitting devices in the light-emitting device array, and in a period in which exposure of the photoconductor is halted, the light-emitting devices to which the data of the single line of the print image are allocated are shifted in position in the light-emitting device array.

Abstract: An erecting equal-magnification lens array plate includes: a first lens array plate provided with a plurality of first lenses systematically arranged on a first surface and a plurality of second lenses systematically arranged on a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a second lens array plate provided with a plurality of third lenses systematically arranged on a third surface and a plurality of fourth lenses systematically arranged on a fourth surface opposite to the third surface. The first lens array plate and the second lens array plate form a stack such that the second surface and the third surface face each other to ensure that a combination of the lenses aligned with each other form a coaxial lens system. A plurality of V grooves are formed in an area between adjacent second lenses on the second surface in the erecting equal-magnification lens array plate.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a substrate having at least one terminal, a thin semiconductor film including at least one semiconductor device, the thin semiconductor film being disposed and bonded on the substrate; and an individual interconnecting line formed as a thin conductive film extending from the semiconductor device in the thin semiconductor film to the terminal in the substrate, electrically connecting the semiconductor device to the terminal. Compared with conventional semiconductor apparatus, the invented apparatus is smaller and has a reduced material cost.