Abstract: Disclosed is a system to determine whether calibration indices are appropriate for each camera when calibrating large quantities of cameras, in which there is great variation in individual differences in image blurring characteristics. The present invention takes an image of a calibration index and calculates the calibration precision that can be expected in calibration from the calibration index image that has been taken. If the calibration precision that can be expected is not optimal for each camera, the density of lines or shapes that constitute the calibration index is changed until the optimum calibration index for each camera is found.

Abstract: A method for calibration of an imaging device that includes a sensor and optics for forming an image on the sensor. The method includes making a first image quality measurement, based on an output of the sensor, while imaging a first target at a first distance from the device and varying an offset between the optics and the sensor. A second image quality measurement is made while imaging a second target at a second distance from the device, which is different from the first distance, and varying the offset between the optics and the sensor. A working point of the optics is set relative to the sensor responsively to the first and second image quality measurements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for aligning a camera sensor to significant data which is text or barcode data to be recognized comprising the steps of:—capturing an image of the significant data by means of the camera sensor; —detecting a predominant alignment line of the significant data and detecting an angle thereof in relation to a horizontal line of the captured image; —determining image sections within the edge and line enhanced image which contain most likely significant data lines; —selecting a representative image section out of the determined image sections which is aligned with the predominant alignment line; —capturing a following image of the significant data; tracking the representative image section and determining the predominant alignment line out of the representative image section to achieve a fast calculation and audio or tactile feedback of the alignment quality to the user.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a target color measurement using an electronic image capturing device comprising the steps of: (1) determining one or more of a field correction array, level correction vectors, a color correction matrix, and a calibration correction and; (2) adjusting a target color measurement based upon one or more of a field correction array, level correction vector, a color correction matrix, and a calibration correction to obtain a corrected color target measurement.

Abstract: Self-calibrating an automatic, surveillance-based change detection system operating on noisy imagery comprises detecting a first image co-registered with a second image, wherein the first image and the second image each comprise pixels of a noisy image of a scene; detecting the second image co-registered with the first image, wherein co-registration of the first image with the second image comprises pixels from different images corresponding to a same location within the scene; producing a calibration factor based on the co-registered images; producing a modified ratio of pixel values corresponding to the first image and the second image from the same location within the scene; and comparing the modified ratio to a pre-determined threshold ratio value.

Abstract: An intelligent light source for use with the test of a digital camera module provides a plurality of shapes of light. A fast light pulse is created with turn-on and turn-off transitions less than or equal to one microsecond. Other waveform shapes comprise a ramp and a sinusoid, and all shapes can be made to occur once or repetitively. The magnitude of the light has a range from 0.01 LUX to 1000 LUX, and the ramp has a ramp time that has a range from microseconds to 100 ms. The light comprises of a plurality of colors created by serial connected strings of LED devices, where the LED devices in a string emit the same color. The light emanating from the light source is calibrated using a photo diode and the control of a tester by adjusting offset voltages of a DAC controlling a current through the LED strings.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for equalizing gain in an array of electron multiplication (EM) pixels is disclosed, each pixel having one or more impact ionization gain stages with implants to achieve charge transfer directionality and comprising a phase 1 clocked gate, an EM clocked gate, and two DC gates formed between the phase 1 clocked gate and the EM clocked gate, comprising the steps of (a) applying initial voltages to each of the DC gates and the EM clocked gates of at least two pixels of a plurality of pixels; (b) clocking phase 1 clock gates and an EM clock gates associated with the at least two pixels of the plurality of pixels a predetermined number of times to achieve an average pixel intensity value after impact ionization gain; and (c) selectively adjusting the difference in voltage between the DC gate and corresponding EM clocked gate of the at least two pixels of the plurality of pixels until the difference between the resulting pixel intensity values and the average pixel intensity value needed to p

Abstract: A calibration apparatus for executing a camera calibration for each of a plurality of cameras mounted on an object so that image capturing ranges of two of the plurality of cameras overlap each other, the calibration apparatus includes an image obtaining unit configured to obtain first and second images captured by the two cameras, a temporary link structure forming unit configured to form a temporary link structure by using the first and second images including images of markers sets, a link angle determining unit configured to determine an effective link angle to form an effective link structure from the temporary link structure, and a parameter determining unit configured to determine a parameter for positioning at least one of the cameras on the basis of the effective link angle.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: a connecting unit that connects a projecting device and an image capture device, at least one of the projecting device and the image capture device having an adjustable position; an acquiring unit that acquires an image captured by the image capture device capturing an image of a reference pattern that is projected by the projecting device and indicates an effective projecting range of the projecting device; a color converting unit that extracts the reference pattern from the captured image, and performs a color conversion on the extracted reference pattern; an enlarging/reducing unit that enlarges or reduces the color-converted reference pattern in accordance with the ratio between the maximum effective imaging range of the image capture device and the effective projecting range of the projecting device; a superimposing unit that superimposes the enlarged or reduced reference pattern on a reference pattern yet to be projected; and an output unit that outputs the reference

Abstract: An automated RAW image processing method and system are disclosed. A RAW image and metadata related to the RAW image are obtained from a digital camera or other source. The RAW image and the related metadata are automatically processed using an Operating System service of a processing device to produce a resulting image in an absolute color space. When automatically processing, a predetermined tone reproduction curve is applied to the interpolate RAW image to produce the resulting image. The predetermined tone reproduction curve is derived from a plurality of reference images and is selected based on the metadata associated with the RAW image. The resulting image is then made available to an application program executing on the processing device through an application program interface with the Operating System service.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing a distortion corrected video signal. A camera is directed toward a test pattern for producing a raw video signal. An image processor is operatively connected to the camera for receiving the raw video signal. The image processor is operable to capture at least one calibration image of the test pattern using the raw video signal from the camera, analyze the at least one calibration image to provide a calibration data table, and store the calibration data table within the image processor.

Abstract: A target (10, 20) is disclosed suitable for setting the exposure and white balance of a photographic digital camera. The target (10, 20) comprises a target surface (12) that has a reflectance of 18% for all wavelengths of visible light. The target surface (12) is provided with a feature (16) upon which the camera is able to focus.

Abstract: An apparatus for enabling geometric lens distortion calibration for a metric digital camera includes a turntable, a cage mounted on the turntable, and an array of targets disposed on the cage. The device provides distribution of image references points in three planes and is rotatable, allowing minimal movement of the camera being calibrated in three dimensions and reducing space requirements for calibration facilities.

Abstract: In a test method in which an image photographed by a camera apparatus 1 attached to a body of a vehicle is displayed on a display device 17 and an examiner examines compliance or non-compliance of the shooting direction of the camera apparatus 1 by comparing the position of a reference pattern and the position of a judgment pattern on the displayed photographed image, the photographed image is obtained at first by photographing with the camera apparatus 1 a test chart which is placed at a predefined position ahead of the vehicle with the reference pattern drawn on the test chart. Next, the judgment pattern is set at a specific position on the photographed image. Then, the photographed image on which the judgment pattern has been set is displayed on the display device 17.

Abstract: In order to allow a user to arbitrarily set color processing parameters which determine the color reproduction characteristics of a digital camera according to user's preference, an image processing unit obtains color data by performing the same processing as that performed by the digital camera with respect to the sensed data of each color patch included in a color chart by using color processing parameters. A changing unit displays, on a display unit, a target data changing window which presents color data and the target data (the target color of color reproduction) of each color patch and allows the user to change the target data. A parameter editing unit edits color processing parameters so as to reduce the color difference between the changed target data and color data. A data input/output unit transmits the edited color processing parameters to the digital camera.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved method for visualizing the environment of a vehicle, especially in the dark. The invention also relates to a night vision system, which especially provides a visual image of the environment or the digital data thereof. Preferably, the visual image is a color image which indicates the visually perceptible objects of the environment. The system also provides an infrared image of the environment or the digital data thereof. The infrared image indicates the infrared radiation radiated by the visually perceptible and/or other objections. In a preferred form of embodiment, a merged image of the visual image and the infrared image of largely identical sections of the environment of the vehicle is represented on a display comprising at least one merged region and at least one region which is not merged or not merged to the same extent or not merged with the same weighting.

Abstract: An apparatus for calibrating images between cameras, includes: a detector for detecting dynamic markers from images taken by a motion capture camera and a video camera; a 3D position recovery unit for recovering 3D position data of the dynamic markers obtained by the motion capture camera; a 2D position tracking unit for tracking 2D position data of the dynamic markers obtained by the video camera; a matching unit for matching the 3D position data and the 2D position data of the dynamic markers; and a calibrating unit for converting the 3D position of the dynamic markers on a spatial coordinate system into image coordinates on an image coordinate system of the video camera to calculate intrinsic parameters and extrinsic parameters of the video camera to minimize a difference between coordinates of the 2D position data and the image coordinates.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is a camera calibration tool. One embodiment of a three-dimensional test target for calibrating an image capturing device includes a first planar face exhibiting a first color, a second planar face exhibiting a two-toned pattern of a second color and a third color, and a third planar face exhibiting the two-toned pattern of the second color and the third color, wherein the first planar face, the second planar face, and the third planar face meet at a first right-angle convex vertex.

Abstract: Self-calibrating an automatic, surveillance-based change detection system operating on noisy imagery comprises detecting a first image co-registered with a second image, wherein the first image and the second image each comprise pixels of a noisy image of a scene; detecting the second image co-registered with the first image, wherein co-registration of the first image with the second image comprises pixels from different images corresponding to a same location within the scene; producing a calibration factor based on the co-registered images; producing a modified ratio of pixel values corresponding to the first image and the second image from the same location within the scene; and comparing the modified ratio to a pre-determined threshold ratio value.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a standard color referencing panel system for cinematography that reproduces the original colors of captured images. The standard color referencing panel system for cinematography includes a memory that stores scene display content and standard color display content of an object to be captured; an input unit that allows a user to turn on a power switch and an image capture start switch; a controller that supplies power in response to a power switch on a signal received from the input unit, transmits control signals in response to an image capture start switch on the signal received from the input unit, and reads the scene display content and the standard color display content from the memory; and a display unit that is supplied with power from the controller to preheat a screen, and displays the scene display content and the standard color display content on the screen in response to the control signals transmitted from the controller.

Abstract: A portable, self contained, deployable test pattern display, for use in optimising imaging quality having a portable protective display housing, a test pattern incorporating imaging information contained in and deployable from the housing, a retraction device connected to the test pattern for replacing it within the housing, so that the test pattern can be carried to a desired location, protected by the housing, and the test pattern can be deployed from the housing when required, and can then be replaced within the housing.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes an image pickup device, a device that obtains an image from the image pickup device, a sensor that detects a roll angle of the sensor, wherein the sensor detects a reference roll angle of the sensor when the imaging apparatus is disposed at a predetermined roll angle, a device that calculates a reference roll angle of the image pickup device by using a reference image from the image pickup device when the imaging apparatus is disposed at the predetermined roll angle and a device that corrects a roll angle of the sensor by calculating a relative roll angle from the reference roll angle of the image pickup device and the reference roll angle of the sensor.

Abstract: To provide highly accurate calibration method or the like for use with a distance measuring device which provides captured images with significant lens aberration.

Abstract: A camera calibration device performs camera calibration for projecting a plurality of camera images from a plurality of cameras onto a predetermined surface to combine them on the basis of the results after calibration patterns to be arranged in a common photographing area of the cameras are photographed by each of the cameras. The camera calibration device judges where or not the calibration patterns are observed by the cameras on the basis of the photographed results. If judging that the calibration patterns are not observed, the camera calibration device creates the content of an instruction to contain the calibration patterns in the common photographing area to allow the cameras to observe the contained calibration patterns on the basis of the photographed results and notifies the instruction content to an operator who is in charge of the arrangement operation of the calibration patterns.

Abstract: The present invention provides a light quantity measuring apparatus capable of properly measuring, in short time, light to be measured whose quantity fluctuates periodically. Charges generated and stored in photodiodes during a measurement period are read in a plurality of times. A control unit obtains pixel data according to quantity of the charges generated and stored by the photodiodes in a plurality of storage periods obtained by dividing a measurement period. Further, the control unit adds up the plurality of pieces of pixel data, and calculates pixel data according to the quantities of charges generated and stored by the photodiodes in the measurement period.

Abstract: An image processing system includes a camera, an image processor and a calibration surface. The calibration surface includes thereon a calibration pattern, the calibration pattern comprising a plurality of alternately coloured elements which provide a corresponding plurality of corners at locations on the calibration pattern at which more than two of the coloured elements adjoin. The corner locations define a first group of lines and a second group of lines, the lines in each of the group of lines are parallel with respect to each other and with respect to the calibration surface. The first group of lines is orthogonal to the second group of lines and the camera is operable to generate and communicate to the image processor a video signal representative of a scene as viewed by the camera, the scene including the calibration surface.

Abstract: A method for enabling an output device to emulate colors of a target camera includes the following steps: (a) utilizing the target camera to shoot a color chart to obtain a first plurality of output values respectively corresponding to a plurality of color patches of the color chart, (b) utilizing the output device to shoot the color chart to obtain a second plurality of output values respectively corresponding to the plurality of color patches of the color chart, (c) comparing the first plurality of output values with the second plurality of output values to deduce a color transform matrix, and (d) applying the color transform matrix in an image processing pipeline of the output device to enable the output device to emulate colors of the target camera.

Abstract: A method used for the compensation of vignetting in digital cameras has been achieved. The compensation for vignetting is done in two steps. The first step is done during production of the camera unit and involves taking and analyzing an image of a test screen, preferably a gray test screen. This results in a set of e.g. 5×5 coefficients describing a polynomial surface. The second step is done for each image that is taken by the camera and involves calculating and applying a gain-table based on polynomial coefficients to all pixels of the image to compensate vignetting.

Abstract: Online camera calibration methods have been proposed whereby calibration information is extracted from the images that the system captures during normal operation and is used to continually update system parameters. However, such existing methods do not cope well with structure-poor scenes having little texture and/or 3D structure such as in a home or office environment. By considering camera families (a set of cameras that are manufactured at least partially in a common manner) it is possible to provide calibration methods which are suitable for use with structure-poor scenes. A prior distribution of camera parameters for a family of cameras is estimated and used to obtain accurate calibration results for individual cameras of the camera family even where the calibration is carried out online, in an environment which is structure-poor.

Abstract: A method characterizes field of view (FOV) distortion and may correct machine vision measurements accordingly. A plurality of distorted images are acquired, with the same calibration target at a plurality of spaced-apart locations within the FOV. The method analyzes the images and determines distortion parameters that can correct the distortions in the images such that features included in the calibration target pattern achieve a sufficient or optimum degree of congruence between the various images. Distortion parameters may be determined for each optical configuration (e.g., lens combination, magnification, etc.) that is used by a machine vision inspection system. The distortion parameters may then be used to correct FOV distortion errors in subsequent inspection and measurement operations.

Abstract: An alignment metrology and resolution measurement system concurrently determines the alignment of an imaging array in six degrees of freedom relative to an external reference frame, and further determines the resolution of the imaging array. To achieve this, an image of at least three mask patterns is projected on the imaging array. First and second positions of the imaging array relative to first and second coordinate axis of the reference frame is obtained using pixel positions of the images along the first and second axis. A first rotational position of the imaging array about a third coordinate axis is obtained using pixel positions of the images along the first and second axes. The third position and the second and third rotational positions of the imaging array about the first and second coordinate axis are determined using feature widths of focus images of the patterns and distances between the mask patterns.

Abstract: A lens auto-focusing method in camera module testing includes the following steps: providing testing equipment including a range finder, a signal processor and a driving member; providing an imaged object (20); providing an camera module including a lens module (10) and an image sensor, the view angle and the biggest value of the modulation transfer function of the lens module are both certain values, the image (30) of the imaged object is formed in the image sensor; the imaged object and the image formed thereby in the other side of the lens module are fixed; the imaged object and the image formed in the other side of the lens module are fixed; inputting an image distance tested by the range finder into the signal processor, the signal processor calculates a displacement for the driving member; the driving member drives the lens module to a focusing point.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the performances of a camera including illumination, signal levels, signal to noise ratio, resolution, spectrum, color vectors and displaying the measured values in alphanumeric, waveforms, graphs and vectors onto a displayed scene generated by a camera under test, thereby enabling the user to better comprehend the meaning and verify the camera specifications and their fitness.

Abstract: Digital cameras are calibrated so that detailed highlights and shadows in scenes being photographed are reproduced in digital images of those scenes by calibrating holographic data obtained from target images at those scenes. In one embodiment the target image is obtained from an actual target having black and white, and optionally gray, target areas; and in another embodiment, the target image is obtained from the scene being photographed. In both embodiments, histographic data is manipulated so that shadow and highlight data spikes are automatically placed in boundary areas by automatically adjusting lens aperture and/or shutter speed prior to taking the desired photograph of the scene. The resulting photograph is adjusted for highlight and shadow details.

Abstract: In a projector, CPU supplies a chart generation circuit with chart display information designating display position and display size of a chart image to be projected on a screen such that it comes within viewable ranges of phase difference sensors. For focus control, CPU sets display position near center of the screen, and designates display size regardless of distance between the projector and screen. For keystone correction, CPU designates display position and display size based on relationship among angular field of view, distance, and viewable ranges of the phase difference sensors. A superimposing circuit generates a video by superimposing a video signal with a chart image signal based on the chart display information. A display device projects the video superimposed by the superimposing circuit on the screen. CPU obtains the distance to the screen based on phase difference between reflection lights obtained by a sensor unit and corrects the video.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the invention, a method is provided. The method, comprises (a) determining a white balance correction parameter for a white balance correction processing block for an image sensor, and including the white balance correction parameter in the white balance correction processing block; (b) determining a gamma correction parameter for a gamma correction processing block for the image sensor, and including the gamma correction parameter in the gamma correction processing block; and (c) determining a color correction parameter for a color correction processing block for the image sensor, and including the color correction parameter in the color correction processing block.

Abstract: The imaging device comprises a flash light unit, an imaging unit, a memory comprising predetermined color balance parameters specific to the individual flash light unit, and an image processor to correct the image colors based on the parameters. The predetermined parameters are determined by imaging a white test target and stored into memory. The predetermined parameters are applied at a later stage for the color correction of actual images. Consistent image colors may be guaranteed in mass production of the imaging devices although the individual flash light units may have different spectral properties.

Abstract: A system of correcting for color filter array by correcting for a plurality of colors in the color filter array. A color correction matrix is formed which corrects each color for a plurality of desired characteristics simultaneously. These desired characteristics can include, for example, all 24 colors in a chromaticity chart. An additional aspect includes weighting the more important colors relative to the less important colors.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for approximating spectral sensitivities of a particular image sensor, the image sensor having a color filter array positioned over the image sensor. In one example of the method, the method involves measuring spectral sensitivities of a set of image sensors each having a color filter array positioned over the image sensor, calculating mean spectral sensitivities of the set of image sensors for each color within the color filter array, measuring outputs of a particular image sensor when capturing a picture of a plurality of color patches under a first illuminant and calculating spectral sensitivities of the particular image sensor using the mean spectral sensitivities and the output of the particular image sensor. In some embodiments, the method further comprises utilizing the calculated spectral sensitivities to determine outputs of the particular image sensor under a second illuminant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining at least one three-dimensional (3D) geometric parameter of an imaging device. A two-dimensional (2D) target image is provided having a plurality of alignment patterns. The target image is imaged with an imaging device to form a captured image. At least one pattern of the captured image is compared with a corresponding pattern of the target image. From the comparison, the geometric parameter of the imaging device is then determined. The alignment patterns include at least one of (i) one or more patterns comprising a 2D scale and rotation invariant basis function, (ii) one or more patterns comprising a 1D scale invariant basis function, and (iii) one or more patterns having a plurality of grey levels and comprising a plurality of superimposed sinusoidal patterns, the plurality of sinusoidal patterns having a plurality of predetermined discrete orientations.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method provide optimization of color space conversion using a joint quality metric representing differences between reference human visual representations and converted device captured image representations in a perceptual uniform color space, where the conversion includes transforming a nonstandard color space (RGB) to a perceptual standard color space (sRGB) and where the joint quality metric includes a color portion, a noise portion, and a contrast portion. An optical sensor produces a digital reference signal when capturing an image of a reference source such as a Macbeth ColorChecker color rendition chart. After white balancing and color correcting the digital reference signal, the gamma curve parameters are determined by minimizing the joint quality metric which is based on differences, within a uniform perceptual color space such as CIELAB, between the gamma curve compensated signal and the standard values for the reference source.

Abstract: A focus detection apparatus having a first focus detection unit and a second focus detection unit of a scheme differing from that of the first focus detection unit, for detecting the shift amount of a focal position by the first and second focus detection units, includes (a) an instruction unit capable of instructing a detection mode for detecting the shift amount, and (b) an image producing unit, when given the instructions for the detection mode from the instruction unit, for producing an object image.

Abstract: A test system for digital camera modules used in consumer electronics, e.g. cellular phones and PDA's is shown. The test system comprises of a tester and a module handler that is aimed at reducing test time by an order of magnitude. The Test system has an image-processing unit that uses N-parallel processor to reduce the computation time on a test image by approximately the number of parallel processors. The handler is controlled by the tester to select, focus and test small digital camera modules. There are two test stations in the handler, where a first test station performs tests on a first camera module while a second test station is loaded with a second camera module, thus burying the loading time within the test time.

Abstract: A device for measuring data for calibration for obtaining data for calibration of a camera 2 capable of varying its optical conditions, wherein the data for calibration are obtained using a plurality of images of a calibration chart 1 having marks arranged thereon which were photographed with the camera 1 under varied optical conditions, comprising: a mark extracting part 131 for extracting the marks from the images of the chart; an internal parameter calculating part 134 for calculating data for calibration under optical conditions under which the images of the chart were photographed based on the positions of the marks extracted by the mark extracting part and a plurality of conditions under which the images of the chart were photographed; and an internal parameter function calculating part 160 for calculating data for calibration corresponding to the varied optical photographing conditions of the camera 2, using the data for calibration calculated in the internal parameter calculating part and a plurality

Abstract: A Light box for optical module test is disclosed. The light box is designed to have at least a light source, a beam splitting unit, an optical filtering module and two optical fibers. The optical filtering module is formed with a plurality of filters and arranged between the light source and the beam splitting unit to generate a variety of color temperatures of the light beam from the light source before the light beam enters the beam splitting unit. Thereafter, the light beam is uniformly divided by the beam splitting unit into a first light beam and a second light beam which are transmitted via the optical fibers, respectively, and projected onto a test chart.

Abstract: A digital image processing method for a centralized multi-mode medical tongue image inspection system, comprising the steps of: forming at least one service unit (300) for performing tongue record (220) construction; forming a processing unit (320) for tongue record inspection (308); and providing communication links (330) between the service units and the processing unit.

Abstract: A security camera and an image, within the camera's field of view, of a test pattern, containing color elements and grayscale elements having know predetermined spectrophotometrical values and resolution elements. After taking of images at a scene, and when subsequently reproduced accurately the elements will produce electronic signals that are detectable on measuring equipment well-known to the trade, such as vectorscopes and waveform monitors. Adjustments and corrections can then be made to the images of a scene, based on those readings. A method of adjusting and correcting images using the test pattern is also disclosed.

Abstract: An improved test target pattern that can be used in the testing of image quality for digital images taken with a camera module, the camera module either being a stand-alone product or being incorporated into a device such as a mobile telephone. With the present invention, several different image quality aspects can be monitored and measured using a single test pattern. Previously, multiple test patterns would have had to have been used for such a task.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and method to permit a photographer to take accurate portraiture pictures. There is provided a camera reference device for adjusting the settings on a camera comprising a reference member with qualitative indicia for determining picture sharpness and colour for adjusting the settings on the camera and which allows for the taking of a picture of the face and head of the subject within the same photographic image beside the reference member. Using the device, there is provided a method of taking a photographic image comprising: taking a picture of the subject in combination with an apparatus comprising a reference member with qualitative indicia for determining photographic image qualities for adjusting the settings on the camera and which allows for the taking of a picture of the face and head of the subject within the same photographic image beside the reference member.

Abstract: A novel method of calibrating digital photographs providing accurate planimetry measurements of objects within digital image 12 is disclosed herein. Digital image 12 is imported into a computer program where a calibration method is performed using calibration line 20 that is dragged and dropped to ruler 10 in digital image 12. The novel method provides users with a method to perform a number of accurate planimetry measurements including linear measurements 44 & 46, total surface area 24 along with sub area measurements 50, 52, 54, 56, and circumferential 66 measurements. In addition volume 42 measurement can be calculated and associated with various area parameters 50, 52, 54, 56, when various depth parameters 58, 60, 62, 64 are provided.