Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and device for loading an electronic program guide (EPG), and a storage medium. The device determines a first area where a focus is located on a display interface of an EPG, where the first area is one of multiple functional display areas of the EPG. The device determines whether a focus cross-area jump condition is satisfied in response to detecting a moving instruction for moving the focus on the display interface of the EPG. The device limits the focus to move within the first area in response to determining that the focus cross-area jump condition is not satisfied.

Abstract: Techniques are generally described for compression encoding of images. In various examples, the techniques may comprise receiving image data. In some examples, the techniques may further comprise generating a first compressed representation of luminance values of the image data by encoding luminance values of the image data with reference to a luminance palette. In some examples, the techniques may further include generating a second compressed representation of chrominance values of the image data by applying a frequency domain based image transform to the chrominance values of the image data. In various further examples, the techniques may further comprise combining the first compressed representation and the second compressed representation to generate compressed image data.

Abstract: Concepts are presented herein how to efficiently create a suitable palette for low complexity image and video coding. A combination of the palette coding with transform coding is feasible.

Abstract: A method for encoding at least one image split into blocks. The method includes, for a current block to be encoded from the image, at least one modification of two data points in the block via an operation of linear combinations operating on the two data points, at the end of which a modified block is obtained, application of a separable transform operation to the data points in the modified block, and encoding the data points obtained after application of the separable transform operation.

Abstract: To estimate content complexity of a video, energy of prediction residuals is calculated. The prediction residuals are usually smaller when the video is less complex and more predictable. Scales of prediction residuals also depend on encoding configurations, for example, I pictures usually have larger prediction residuals than P and B pictures even when the contents are very similar and thus have similar perceived content complexity. To more closely reflect the content complexity, alignment scaling factors are estimated for different encoding configurations. Based on the energy of prediction residuals and alignment scaling factors, an overall content unpredictability parameter can be estimated to compute a compression distortion factor for the video. The compression distortion factor, combined with slicing and freezing distortion factors, can be used to estimate a video quality metric for the video.

Abstract: Techniques are generally described for compression encoding of images. In various examples, the techniques may comprise receiving image data. In some examples, the techniques may further comprise generating a first compressed representation of luminance values of the image data by encoding luminance values of the image data with reference to a luminance palette. In some examples, the techniques may further include generating a second compressed representation of chrominance values of the image data by applying a frequency domain based image transform to the chrominance values of the image data. In various further examples, the techniques may further comprise combining the first compressed representation and the second compressed representation to generate compressed image data.

Abstract: Video coding and decoding techniques are provided in which entropy coding states are stored for regions of video frames of a sequence of video frames, upon completion of coding of those regions. Entropy coding initialization states for regions of a current video frame are derived based on entropy coding states of corresponding regions of a prior video frame in the sequence of video frames. This process may be performed at a video encoder and a video decoder, though some signaling may be sent from the encoder to the decoder to direct the decoder is certain operations.

Abstract: A combustion system includes a perforated flame holder, a camera, and a control circuit. The perforated flame holder sustains a combustion reaction within the perforated flame holder. The image capture device takes a plurality of images of the combustion reaction. The control circuit produces from the images an averaged image and adjusts the combustion reaction based on the adjusted image.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, an encoding device includes a determination unit, a first palette generator, a first assignment unit, an encoder, and a first reference generator. The determination unit is configured to determine an additional palette that holds a color not included in a reference palette among colors included in a predetermined operation unit of an input image. The first palette generator is configured to generate a palette for encoding including a color included in the additional palette and a color included in the reference palette. The first assignment unit is configured to assign, to each pixel in the operation unit, an index indicating a color in the palette for encoding corresponding to a color of the pixel. The encoder is configured to encode the index and information on the additional palette. The first reference generator is configured to generate the reference palette from the palette for encoding.

Abstract: An image capturing apparatus includes image capturing devices; page memories for the image capturing devices, respectively, each page memory storing a piece of image data output from the corresponding image capturing device; a page-memory read unit configured to read pieces of image data stored in the page memories line by line in a time division manner; an image processing unit configured to perform predetermined image processing on the pieces of image data read from the page memories for the image capturing devices line by line in the time division manner; and a write monitoring unit configured to monitor write states of the pieces of image data that are output from the image capturing devices and written into the page memories, and control the page-memory read unit to start reading the pieces of image data from the page memories.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for encoding a video signal and a method and apparatus for decoding a video signal. The method of encoding the video signal includes: determining an optimum scaling bit depth of the video signal in consideration of a maximum bit number of an intermediate value obtained during transformation of the video signal and a maximum bit precision of the video signal; scaling the video signal according to a local shift value corresponding to a difference between the determined optimum scaling bit depth and an original bit depth of the video signal; and transforming the scaled video signal.

Abstract: A remote control device may include: first circuitry to control a function of a first electronic device; second circuitry to be set to control a function of a second electronic device; and a setup controller to set the second circuitry to control a function of a target electronic device based on a code received from a separate device. An electronic device to be controlled by a remote control device may include: an input device to receive a signal from the remote control device; an output device to send a signal to the remote control device; and a processor coupled to the input and output devices, and configured to access a database of codes and to selectively provide codes from the database to the remote control device, the codes configured to set circuitry of the remote control device to control a function of the electronic device and/or an auxiliary electronic device.

Abstract: A head bracket for providing multiple horizontal panoramic pictures simultaneously comprises a video camera, a longitudinally rotating motor, a transversally rotating motor, sliding rings, a connection interface, and a support. A supporting pipe is arranged at center of head bracket and provided with multiple coaxial heads. Sliding rings are arranged at center of coaxial heads and fixed on supporting pipe. The video camera is mounted on fixing bracket of outer case of sliding rings. A longitudinally rotating belt pulley on video camera is connected to longitudinally rotating motor through a belt, and a transversely rotating belt pulley on sliding ring is connected to the transversely rotating motor through a belt; wherein the transversely rotating motor is fixed on a bottom plate fixed on the supporting pipe. The supporting pipe is internally provided with cables and cable connectors. The connection interface is arranged at the tail end where cables gather.

Abstract: Described herein is a novel transcoding technique called lossless inter frame transcoding (LIFT) for improving the error resilience of video streaming. According to various embodiments, conventional coded blocks are selectively transcoded into new transcoded blocks. At the decoder, the transcoded blocks can be transcoded back to the conventional coded blocks when prediction is available and can also be robustly decoded independently when prediction is unavailable. According to another embodiment, an offline transcoding and online composing technique is provided for generating a composite frame using the transcoded and conventional coded blocks and adjusting the ratio of the transcoded blocks, thereby achieving error robustness scalability.

Abstract: This invention makes it possible to reduce power consumption of an encoding device while more appropriately encoding a video image in the first frame. An image capturing apparatus includes a camera unit which photo-electrically converts object light and outputs a video signal, an encoding unit which encodes the video signal, a camera information acquisition unit which acquires information associated with the operation status of the camera unit, and a calculation unit which calculates, on the basis of the information acquired by the camera information acquisition unit, an initial parameter serving as an encoding parameter for an initial encoding operation of the encoding unit before the start of an encoding operation of the encoding unit.

Abstract: A method of processing image data includes generating image data including luminance and chrominance data representing a selected object, separating the luminance and chrominance data, storing the separated luminance and chrominance data in corresponding separate spaces in memory, and separately compressing the stored luminance and chrominance data.

Abstract: An image signal processing device 1 comprises an encoding part 10, a delay part 20, a difference calculation part 30, a decoding part 40, a quantization error determination part 50 and a corrected image data output part 60.

Abstract: In order to set a quantization step according to a target amount of code with high precision, a coefficient set according to the resolution of a moving picture to be encoded and the encoding method of a frame to be encoded is selected from a plurality of coefficient sets corresponding to the resolutions of moving pictures and encoding methods of frames. A feature amount of the frame to be encoded is extracted, and when the frame to be encoded undergoes inter-frame coding, a function indicating the relationship between a quantization step and amount of generated data is generated based on the selected coefficient set and feature amount. When the function is generated, a quantization step according to a target amount of code is set based on that function in encoding of the frame to be encoded.

Abstract: An image processor includes a frequency transform unit performing frequency transform independently on a luminance signal and plural chrominance signals and outputting an item of frequency data of the luminance signal and plural items of frequency data of the chrominance signals, and a quantization unit performing quantization independently on plural items of frequency data inputted from the frequency transform unit. The quantization unit performs quantization on one or plural specific items of frequency data corresponding to a signal with noise among the frequency data of the luminance signal and the chrominance signals, employing a quantization coefficient having a value greater than “1”, and performs quantization on frequency data apart from the specific items of frequency data, employing a quantization coefficient having a value “1”.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing at least a region of an input picture having input pixel values enabling a reduction of quantization banding artifacts including an estimation unit arranged to estimate a quantization precision of at least the region of the input picture, a pattern analysis unit arranged to determine positions in the input picture of changes in input pixel value of less than or equal to the quantization precision, and to output analysis information representing the positions, and an adaptive filter, arranged to calculate an output picture corresponding to at least the region of the input picture, comprising output pixels being determined on the basis of adaptive combinations of input pixels, and arranged to determine the adaptive combinations in dependence on the analysis information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a communication system, including: a sending apparatus configured to transmit a Digital Visual Interface signal wherein pixel data formed from color data including red data, green data and blue data are disposed successively for the individually same color data through a Digital Visual Interface cable; and a receiving apparatus configured to receive the Digital Visual Interface signal transmitted from said sending apparatus through said Digital Visual Interface cable.

Abstract: A video encoder identifies one or more AC coefficients of each of plural blocks in the picture. The encoder identifies a threshold quantization step size such that the identified AC coefficient(s) of each of the plural blocks are nonzero after quantization according to the threshold quantization step size. The threshold quantization step size is such that quantization according to the next higher quantization step size would result in at least one of the identified AC coefficient(s) of at least one of the plural blocks being zero. For example, identifying the threshold quantization step size comprises identifying n top AC coefficients in each of four blocks of a macroblock, determining the smallest AC coefficient among the identified n top AC coefficients of the four blocks, and iteratively evaluating the smallest AC coefficient with respect to candidate quantization step sizes until the threshold quantization step size is identified.

Abstract: On an information registering equipment, content of interest rendered by media, such as a video image of interest distributed by TV broadcasting is captured and displayed. Position/area on the image are defined with a mouse or the like to obtain the target position/area. Information to identify the content is obtained from the TV tuner. Reference information is obtained by inputting through input means or by retrieval from the server for reference information. The thus obtained information specifics are transmitted to an information search equipment that in turn stores then into its database. An information viewing equipment obtains the target position/area and information to identify the content of interest and transmits the thus obtained data to the information search equipment. The information search equipment matches that data with each data record in the database and transmits reference information to the information viewing equipment on which the reference information is displayed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a color space quantization descriptor structure for performing quantization of a color space in order to search a multimedia based on contents when multimedia feature information is color information, particularly when the multimedia feature information is the color information and the search is about a moving image or a still image, the color space quantization descriptor structure according to the present invention has a tree structure divided into a plurality steps of superior color spaces and subordinate color spaces, and the tree structure recursively comprises a plurality of subordinate color spaces. Accordingly, the present invention can improve performance of a still image and a moving image search apparatus, perform the quantization of a n dimensional color space such as a H, S, V, RGB, HMMD color space etc., and perform the different step quantization corresponding to each feature.

Abstract: A video encoder that allows for the selection of a distortion level, comprising: a selection system for selecting a target distortion level; and a system for determining a quantization parameter q that will ensure compliance with the selected target distortion level, wherein the system includes an algorithm for calculating distortion that utilizes a Gaussian distribution having a variance that is a function of the quantization parameter q. The algorithm is based on a distortion model D(q)=N(a1q2+a2q+a3, b1q2+b2q+b3), wherein N is a Gaussian distribution and a1, a2, a3, b1, b2 and b3 are distortion model parameters.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus for reading a document image and forming the document image on a paper, document image data are divided into a plurality of blocks and the document image data are compressed in the unit of block to be stored in a first memory device. The data read from the first memory device are expanded in the unit of block to be stored in a second memory device. Compression time and expansion time are estimated and image output start time for a printer is set based on the compression and expansion times before expansion of all the blocks is completed. In a different way, the start time is set to read data from a second memory device by a printer for printing, after estimation based on expansion time on data not yet expanded by an expansion device. In a still different way, predetermined form data such as page number are superposed with image data. The form data is drawn first in a page memory device and expanded image data are superposed next in the page memory device.

Abstract: A data encoding system for encoding input color pixel data and outputting encoded data. The data encoding system includes a reference pixel generating device which outputs reference pixel data corresponding to the input color pixel data to be encoded; a predictor having a color order table which sets the color ranks of color codes for every reference pixel pattern, reads and outputs the color rank of the corresponding color code from the color order table on the basis of the color pixel data to be encoded and its reference pixel data; and an entropy encoding device which converts the color ranking data into encoded data and outputs the encoded data.

Abstract: An encoding and decoding apparatus and method which has the primary benefit over the prior art of not requiring storage of the nonlinear sequence of numbers representative of the quantization characteristics. The hardware required for quantization is reduced and inverse quantization may be achieved using shifting operations and a multiplier of up to half the scale compared to conventional encoding/decoding methods and encoding/decoding apparatus.

Abstract: A start-up and compression technique for transmitting data. A process is provided which utilizes the calculated difference between individual pixel values of subsequent video frames to the current displayed data in order to update. Additionally, techniques are provided for restarting on-going transmissions and for system initialization based on a variations or suspension of the described interframe compression technique.

Abstract: Input image data is divided into a plurality of blocks. An orthogonal transform device subjects the input image data to orthogonal transform every block. A memory temporarily stores output data from the orthogonal transform device. A first quantizer quantizes output data from the memory. A coding device codes output data from the first quantizer into variable-length code words. A code amount accumulation device accumulates a code amount of output data from the coding device. A second quantizer separates the output data from the orthogonal transform device into K different groups, and assigns M different scale factors to the respective blocks and quantizes the output data from the orthogonal transform device in the blocks with the related scale factors, where K and M denote predetermined natural numbers. A block code amount calculation device calculates a code amount per block.

Abstract: A dequantization device is provided for receiving input quantized data values and providing output dequantized data values. A conditional decrement device receives the input quantized data values and conditionally decrements the input data values according to determinations made with respect to the input data values. The conditionally decremented values are applied to a multiplication device which multiplies them by a quantization factor. The output of the multiplication device is applied to a second conditionally decrementing device wherein the multiplication output is decremented according to determinations with respect to the input quantized data value and the quantization factor. The output of the further conditional decrementing device is representative of the output dequantized data values. In this manner, dequantization is performed using only two decrements and a multiply.

Abstract: An image data processing apparatus generates output data representing an image in a spatial domain from a plurality of sets of input data, each representing in a spatial frequency domain a sub sampled version of the image in the spatial domain. An error detector detects any erroneous parts of the plurality of sets of input data in the spatial frequency domain. Each of the plurality of sets of input data is transformed from the spatial frequency domain into a sub sampled version of the image in the spatial domain. Any parts of the sub sampled versions that are dependent upon an erroneous part of a set of input data are interpolated from one or more spatially adjacent parts of one or more other sub sampled versions. The sub sampled versions are combined to form the output data.

Abstract: A technique is provided for a color imaging system having a luminance component and two color difference (chrominance) components, which allots more space in the compressed data stream to the signal component of greater information content or complexity; that is, which combines the encoding of the components of the data representing a common portion of an image in response to the actual needs of the component, prior to encoding the combined data. To this end, the calculation of the quantizing factors considers the combined information content of both the luminance and chrominance components for the same image location. Thus, low chrominance complexity allows the transmission of more of the luminance information, and vice versa. The system also provides for predetermining the relative complexity of the signal components to thus pre-allot the amount of space for each signal component in the compressed data stream in proportion to its measured complexity.

Abstract: A quantizing number is determined using multiple stages of code amount estimating circuits. Thus, an optimum quantizing number may be selected from among a number of quantizing numbers which is not limited to the number of code amount estimating circuits. The optimum quantizing number is used to quantize a set of blocks of orthogonally transformed image data. The quantized data are encoded using a variable length code. The optimum quantizing number is the one which results in the greatest amount of data that is within a predetermined threshold, permitting an amount of encoded data to be recorded on a magnetic tape in a fixed format.

Abstract: A quantization control circuit determines an optimum scaling factor for quantizing orthogonal transformation coefficient data that correspond to a predetermined time period of a digital video signal. A first scaling factor is determined from the orthogonal transformation coefficient data as a function of whether a bit rate determined by quantizing the orthogonal transformation coefficient data using an initial scaling factor is greater than a target bit rate. A corrected scaling factor is determined by calculating second scaling factors that are each derived from the first scaling factor. Error values are calculated from the second scaling factors using the orthogonal transformation coefficient data, and the second scaling factor that corresponds to the minimum error value is selected as the corrected scaling factor.

Abstract: Apparatus for compression encoding video signals, comprising block segmenting circuits for segmenting a vertical interval, such as a field or frame, of video picture elements into a plurality of blocks of picture elements. An orthogonal transformation, such as discrete cosine transformation, of respective blocks is obtained, resulting in a two-dimensional array of transform coefficients of different values, the array being partitioned into respective areas. Each area is quantized with a respective quantizing value that differs for different areas. Preferably, a transform coefficient is quantized by dividing the value of the transform coefficients in an area by a divisor 2.sup.n/2, where n is an integer that differs in different areas. The areas of the two-dimensional array of transform coefficients are formed by partitioning the array in a direction substantially perpendicular to the oblique frequency axis of that array.