Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for detecting and mitigating scaling artifacts caused by high chromatic colors in adjacent pixels are disclosed. A blend factor calculation circuit determines if high chromatic colors are in close proximity to each other in a set of pixel data of an image or frame. The blend factor calculation circuit generates a blend factor value to suppress artifacts which are introduced when filtering the set of pixel data when the set of pixel data has high chromatic colors in close proximity. In one scenario, the blend factor calculation circuit calculates pixel component difference values of adjacent pixels and uses a value calculated based on the difference values as an input to a transfer function. The output of the transfer function is a blend factor value which determines how filtering is blended between a plurality of filters.

Abstract: Methods for improving object recognition using depth data are disclosed. An image is captured of a 3-D scene along with depth data, such as in the form of a point cloud. The depth data is correlated with the image of the captured scene, such as by determining the frame of reference of each of the image and the depth data, thereby allowing the depth data to be mapped to the correct corresponding pixels of the image. Object recognition on the image is then improved by employing the correlated depth data. The depth data may be captured contemporaneously with the image of the 3-D scene, such as by using photogrammetry, or at a different time.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed herein include techniques for determining autofocus for a camera on a mobile device. In various instances, a depth imaging system (e.g., a time-of-flight autofocus system (ToF-AF system)) is used to determine distance of a subject in order to determine autofocus for a camera. In some instances, however, the ToF-AF system may be unable to detect a subject that is very close to the camera when the objects are below a minimum detectable distance of the ToF-AF system. In such instances, an existing IR detector outside of the ToF-AF system may be implemented to measure reflected signals from the ToF-AF system. A power ratio may be determined from the reflected signals and used to determine information about the distance of the subject from the camera.

Abstract: An electronic device may include scaling circuitry to scale input pixel data to a greater resolution. The directional scaling circuitry may include first interpolation circuitry to receive best mode data, including one or more angles corresponding to content of the image and interpolate first pixel values at first pixel positions diagonally offset from input pixel positions of the input pixel data based on the best mode data and input pixel values corresponding to the input pixel positions. The directional scaling circuitry may also include second interpolation circuitry to receive the best mode data and the input pixel values and interpolate second pixel values at second pixel positions horizontally or vertically offset from the input pixel positions based at least in part on the best mode data and the input pixel values.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a reduction unit configured to perform color reduction processing for quantizing a color in the generated image data, a change unit configured to change, in a case where brightness of an edge pixel indicating an edge portion in an image based on the image data with the color quantized is equal to or higher than a threshold value, a pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a color of a pixel having highest brightness among pixels surrounding the edge pixel, and change, in a case where the brightness of the edge pixel is lower than the threshold value, the pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a color of a pixel having lowest brightness among the pixels surrounding the edge pixel.

Abstract: An ultrasound imaging system has an improved dynamic range control which enables a user to reduce image haze with substantially no effect on bright tissue in the image and without increasing speckle variance. A dynamic range processor processes an input image to produce an approximation image which is a spatially low pass filtered version of the input image. The dynamic range of the approximation image is compressed, and image detail, unaffected by the compression, is added back to produce a dynamically compressed image for display.

Abstract: A drive control system, a control method and a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the drive control system comprises: a system on chip, configured to receive video data and user operation instructions; a video data processor, electrically connected with the system on chip and configured to receive the video data and perform enhancement processing on the video data; an on-screen display data processor, electrically connected with the system on chip and configured to receive the user operation instructions and process the user operation instructions into corresponding on-screen display data; and a display drive circuit, electrically connected with the video data processor and the on-screen display data processor respectively and configured to receive video data subjected to enhancement processing and the on-screen display data and fuse the video data subjected to enhancement processing with the on-screen display data to drive a display panel for display according to fused data.

Abstract: A system, method and storage medium for providing an emergency alert includes reading tone, using one or more processors, information and volume level information corresponding to an emergency sound generator from memory coupled to the one or more processors; and controlling, using the one or more processors, an output sound of the emergency sound generator based on the tone information and volume level information. The tone information includes data of frequency variation over a predetermined period, and the volume level information includes data of volume level variation over the predetermined period.

Abstract: An image is obtained. A denoised image is determined by performing denoising processing on the image based on a preset denoising method. At least two frequency information components of the denoised image are obtained by performing filter processing on a preset region image of the denoised image on at least two preset frequency levels. A sharpened image is obtained by performing superposition processing on the denoised image based on at least two frequency information components and a preset adjustment parameter. A target image is determined based on the sharpened image.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for enhancement of objects of interest in medical images.

Abstract: An apparatus includes, a change unit configured to change a pixel value of an edge pixel indicating an edge portion of an image based on the image data having the quantized color, wherein, in a case where the pixel value of the edge pixel is a pixel value changed by color reduction processing to decrease a luminance, the change unit changes the pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a pixel having a highest luminance among pixels surrounding the edge pixel, and wherein, in a case where the pixel value of the edge pixel is a pixel value changed by the color reduction processing to increase a luminance, the change unit changes the pixel value of the edge pixel to a pixel value of a pixel having a lowest luminance among pixels surrounding the edge pixel.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, performing, by a processing system, image fusion using two or more groups of images to generate predicted images, wherein each group of the two or more groups has one of a different resolution, a different frequency temporal pattern or a combination thereof than another of the two or more groups. Gap filling can be performed by the processing system to correct images of the two or more groups. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A multi-view (MV) display panel includes a flat panel display (FPD) having FPD pixels, and lenses configured to image the FPD. Each of the FPD pixels, when imaged through one of the lenses, forms a beamlet that is emitted in a direction unique from other beamlets formed by other FPD pixels through the lens. The lens and the FPD pixels which, when imaged through the lens, form beamlets emitted in different directions collectively configure an MV pixel. Each of the FPD pixels includes multiple sub-pixels. The MV display panel also includes a diffuser arranged between the FPD and the lenses, and a light block configured to isolate a diffusion of the multiple sub-pixels of each FPD pixel from its neighboring FPD pixels. The FPD may be backlit using custom lighting and optics. Lens elements may be staggered in a manner that facilitates assembly of the lenses.

Abstract: Provided are systems, methods, and computer-program products for identifying a media content stream when the media content stream is playing an unscheduled media segment. A computing device may receive a plurality of media content streams, where at least two of the plurality of media content streams concurrently includes a same unscheduled media segment. The computing device may determine that the media display device is playing the unscheduled media segment by examining the media content available at the current time in each of the plurality of media content streams. The computing device may determine identification information from the media content included in the media content stream. The computing device may determine contextually-related content, which may be disabled while the unscheduled media segment is being played by the media display device. The computing device may display the media content stream and the contextually-related content after the unscheduled media segment has been played.

Abstract: An imaging device includes a light source operating in response to an optical control signal having a predetermined frequency, a sensor including a plurality of pixels, configured to generate an electrical signal in response to a light reception signal output by the light source and reflected from a subject, and a logic circuit configured to generate first raw data of a spatial domain based on the electrical signal, and an image signal processor configured to convert the first raw data into second raw data of a frequency domain, to select low-frequency data of the second raw data within a frequency band lower than a predetermined reference frequency, to apply a predetermined weighting to the low-frequency data to generate weighted data, and to generate a resultant image based on the first raw data and the weighted data.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a video jitter detection method and an apparatus. The video jitter detection method includes: acquiring a video; inputting the video into a detection model to obtain an evaluation value of the video, where the evaluation value is used to indicate a degree of jitter of the video; where the detection model is a model obtained by training using video samples in a video sample set as inputs and evaluation values of the video samples in the video sample set as outputs. By inputting the video to be detected into the detection model, the evaluation value of the video can be acquired through the detection model, thereby whether the video is jittery is determined, which realizes the video jitter detection end-to-end, and improves the detection accuracy and robustness of video jitter.

Abstract: Provided are a processing method and system for a convolutional neural network, and a computer-readable medium, the processing method includes training a generator and training a discriminator, wherein training a generator includes: extracting a low-resolution color image from a high-resolution color image; training parameters of a generator network, by using the low-resolution color image and a noise image as an input image, based on parameters of a discriminator network, and reducing a generator cost function; training a discriminator includes: inputting an output image of the trained generator network and the high-resolution color image to the discriminator network, respectively; training parameters of the discriminator network by reducing a discriminator cost function (S204) the generator cost function and the discriminator cost function represent a degree in which the output image of the generator network corresponds to the high-resolution color image.

Abstract: Method and system for dynamically modifying visual rendering of a visual element in a computer generated environment from an interactive computer simulation is provided. Pre-defined visual characteristics are associated with the visual element. A tangible instrument module is used to provide one or more commands for controlling a simulated vehicle of the interactive computer simulation. At the interactive computer simulation station, dynamically affecting the visual element is performed by enhancing at least one of a visual contouring of the visual element and one or more pre-identified distinctive visual characteristics of the visual element. Tailoring parameters determined considering at least one of an identity of the trainee in the interactive computer simulation station and an identifier of the visual element are considering when dynamically affecting the visual element in real-time during execution of the interactive computer simulation prior to rendering the visual element for display.

Abstract: The method for intra frame prediction allows for the recovery of some intra directional modes that are otherwise rendered useless due to the classical padding process. Directional modes are recovered by filling pixel locations in the prediction unit with samples from the portion of the unit that is determined to have samples available for use using a counterpart directional mode to the one that is useless. When it is determined that reference samples are missing for a particular prediction unit or portion thereof given a particular directional mode, a determination is made about whether reference samples along another portion of the prediction unit are available. The other portion is the side of the prediction unit at an opposite end of the particular directional mode.

Abstract: Provided are methods, systems, electronic devices, and/or computer-readable media that involve filtering images based on keywords, such as keywords extracted from the image. An image filtering method implemented on an electronic device may include receiving a chat message including information on an image sent from another electronic device through a chatroom of a messenger and filtering an image corresponding to the chat message based on a keyword that is extracted from the image.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates a method for fingerprint image enhancement comprising applying a first low pass filter and a first weight to raw fingerprint image data to produce a first filtered fingerprint image data set. Applying a second low pass filter and a second weight to the raw fingerprint image data to produce a second filtered fingerprint image data set. Filter coefficients of the second filter are different from filter coefficients of the first filter. The first filtered fingerprint image data set and the second filtered fingerprint image data set are combined to produce a final enhanced fingerprint image. The disclosure also relates to a fingerprint sensing system and to an electronic device comprising a fingerprint sensing system.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, methods and computer readable media for classification of documents using a location hierarchy.

Abstract: An application engine renders an image based on image data from a content source. A display engine displays the image to a user. The image is adjustable from a first size to a second size. A detection system detects the size adjustment. An application executes a clarification routine to maintain sharpness of the image.

Abstract: The method for intra frame prediction allows for the recovery of some intra directional modes that are otherwise rendered useless due to the classical padding process. Directional modes are recovered by filling pixel locations in the prediction unit with samples from the portion of the unit that is determined to have samples available for use using a counterpart directional mode to the one that is useless. When it is determined that reference samples are missing for a particular prediction unit or portion thereof given a particular directional mode, a determination is made about whether reference samples along another portion of the prediction unit are available. The other portion is the side of the prediction unit at an opposite end of the particular directional mode.

Abstract: This display device comprises a display panel whereon a plurality of pixels are disposed, and a drive unit for driving the display panel. The display device includes: a conversion unit that convers an original signal representing the luminance of the pixel into a brightened signal and/or a darkened signal; a calculation unit that calculates the difference in luminance of the original signal between one pixel unit and another pixel unit located next to the one pixel unit; a determination unit that determines whether or not the difference in luminance exceeds a threshold; a selection unit that selects the original signal when determined that the difference in luminance exceeds the threshold, and selects the brightened signal or the darkened signal when determined that the difference in luminance does not exceed the threshold; and an input unit that inputs an input signal based on the signal selected by the selection unit into the drive unit.

Abstract: A system for transporting fast frame rate video data from a high frame rate image sensor mosaics and spreads the fast frame rate video data in 1920×1080p30 video frames for transporting via an existing standard video architecture. Packing information, spreading information, and unique ID/timestamps for each frame is encoded in metadata and inserted in ancillary metadata space of the 1080p30 video frames. A robust encoding scheme generates the metadata and ensures that the transported video can be reassembled into its original fast frame rate form after being spread over multiple channels.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: a signal receiver configured to receive an input image; an image processor configured to process the input image and generate an output image; a storage configured to store a first patch corresponding to a first pixel of the input image; and a controller configured to control the image processor to generate the output image by applying the first patch stored in the storage to the first pixel.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus and an image processing method are provided. The image processing apparatus detects character data from image data, executes edge enhancement processing, using a first filter, on an edge portion of a region, out of the detected character data, that includes a region whose frequency of points or lines is greater than a predetermined frequency, and executes edge enhancement processing, using a second filter, on an edge portion of a region, out of the detected character data, that does not include a region of a spatial frequency higher than the predetermined frequency. The first filter has, in comparison to the second filter, a larger degree for edge enhancement with respect to a region having a frequency higher than the predetermined frequency.

Abstract: Display quality is improved. A display device includes a display controller and a display panel provided with m×n pixels. The display controller includes the step of comparing first display data, which is displayed in a first pixel connected to the i-th signal line and the (j?1)-th scan line, with second display data, which is displayed in a second pixel connected to the i-th signal line and the j-th scan line, and calculating an absolute value of a difference value, the step of extracting a maximum value from a result of the absolute value, and the step of determining a first selection period of the j-th scan line in accordance with the maximum value.

Abstract: There is provided is a method for enhancing a video image capable of achieving high image quality improvement for both a texture area and an edge area. A maximum limit value and a minimum limit value of a video signal value enhanced on the basis of a pixel signal value in an area set around the target pixel are calculated, the maximum limit value and the minimum limit value are corrected according to a texture value calculated as a scale value that indicates a variation of the pixel signal value in the corresponding area, and the corrected maximum limit value and minimum limit value are applied to the enhanced video signal value.

Abstract: An image-processing apparatus and method for reducing or removing staircase artifacts comprises an image sensor and circuitry. The image sensor is configured to capture an input image signal. The circuitry is configured to identify a first portion of the input image signal that exhibits a staircase artifact. The circuitry is further configured to generate a slope signal based on a steepness parameter of a slope that corresponds to the first region-of-interest based on the identification. The circuitry is configured to generate a difference signal based on a difference between the first portion of the input image signal and the generated slope signal. The circuitry is configured to generate a de-noised image signal based on the generated difference signal and the generated slope signal to reduce the staircase artifact in the first portion of the input image signal.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including an image processing circuit is provided. The image processing circuit is configured to perform a subpixel conversion operation on an input image of a first format to convert the input image of the first format to the input image of a second format; obtain a first detection result with respect to a target pixel of the input image of the first format; determine a filter parameter with respect to the target pixel according to the first detection result; and perform a subpixel rendering operation on the input image of the second format according to the determined filter parameter to obtain an output image.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and device for processing image data and a display device including the device for processing image data. The device for processing image data includes: an edge detector for receiving image data to be displayed, and performing edge detection on the image data to identify edge subpixel points; a brightness comparator for comparing brightnesses of the identified edge subpixel points with a preset brightness; a brightness attenuator for attenuating brightnesses of edge subpixel points which have a brightness greater than the preset brightness to obtain image data to be transmitted; and a data transmitter for transmitting the image data to a source driver. The present disclosure can effectively eliminate zigzag edges, and meanwhile guarantee the sharpness at edges of an image.

Abstract: A testing circuit is arranged in a semiconductor integrated circuit so as to detect a delay fault in the semiconductor integrated circuit. The semiconductor integrated circuit includes a first output control circuit having a plurality of sequential circuits, a first combination circuit connected to the first output control circuit, and a memory circuit connected to the first combination circuit. The testing circuit includes the first output control circuit; a second output control circuit; and a third output control circuit. The testing circuit, under control of a testing apparatus connected to the semiconductor integrated circuit, is configured to perform steps to detect the delay fault in the semiconductor integrated circuit.

Abstract: A method for registration of medical images comprises: receiving a 2D X-ray image (20) acquired with a medical 2D imaging device (14) under a first view direction; filtering the 2D X-ray image (20), such that high frequency components of the 2D X-ray image are emphasized with respect to low frequency components of the 2D X-ray image; receiving a 3D image (16) acquired with a medical 3D imaging device (12); generating a 2D projection image (26) from the 3D image, wherein the 2D projection image is generated with a second view direction; overlaying the filtered 2D X-ray image and the 2D projection image; providing functionality for changing the second view direction, such that the 2D projection image is registered with the filtered 2D X-ray image.

Abstract: The latest progresses in breast imaging using differential phase contrast techniques pose the question of how to fuse multiple information sources, yielded by absorption, differential phase, and scattering signals, into a single, informative image for clinical diagnosis. It is proposed to use an image fusion scheme based on a multiple-resolution framework. The three signals are first transformed into multiple bands presenting information at different frequencies and then a two-step processing follows: (1) intra-band processing enhances the local signal-to-noise ratio using a novel noise estimation method and context modeling; and (2) inter-band processing weights each band by considering their characteristics and contributions, and suppressing the global noise level. The fused image, looking similar to a conventional mammogram but with significantly enhanced detail features, is reconstructed by inverse transform.

Abstract: An image processing device includes: a compression unit that compresses original image data in units of a block; a first position correction unit that shifts positions of respective pixels contained in the original image data compressed by the compression unit such that the positions are shifted in a sub scanning direction; an expansion unit that expands the original image data shifted by the first position correction unit; and a second position correction unit that converts resolution of the original image data into higher resolution, and shifts the positions of the respective pixels of the converted original image data, wherein the first shift amount is a shift amount set in units of a shift corresponding to an integral multiple of the block, and the second shift amount is a shift amount set in units of a shift corresponding to one pixel with high resolution converted by the second position correction unit.

Abstract: A system, device, and method for generating and presenting enhanced image content are disclosed. The enhanced image content presenting system may include a display system receiving enhanced spatial image pixel (SIP) data from an image processor (IP). The IP may be configured to acquire one or more first frequency image pixel (FIP) data, create one or more second FIP data as a function of the at least one first FIP data; determine one or more first enhancement metrics as a function of the one or more second FIP data; and enhance each one of the FIP data as a function of one first enhancement metric or a combination of the first enhancement metrics. In some embodiments, each FIP data may have been formed as a layer of a Laplacian pyramid that results from a deconstruction of pre-enhanced SIP data.

Abstract: An audio signal processing circuit includes a first obtaining unit, a regulation unit, a second obtaining unit, and a synthesis unit. The first obtaining unit obtains high-frequency audio signals from original audio signals. The regulation unit obtains a volume of the original signals and amplifies the high-frequency signals according to an amplification factor having a positive correlation with the volume of the original audio signals, to output improved audio components. The second obtaining unit obtains reference audio signals from the original audio signals. The synthesis unit synthesizes the improved audio components and the reference audio signals to output improved audio signals.

Abstract: A first sum is calculated which is a sum of light intensities of dispersed lights generated when a pixel light by a target pixel passes through an optical system, and a first light intensity is calculated by adding the first sum to a light intensity of the pixel light of the target pixel. A second sum is calculated which is a sum, at a position of the target pixel, of each of light intensities of dispersed lights generated when each of pixel lights by pixels around the target pixel pass through the optical system. A second light intensity of the pixel light by the target pixel is calculated by subtracting the second sum from the first light intensity.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to produce a hologram of a cross-section of an object includes an electromagnetic radiation assembly configured to receive a received electromagnetic radiation, such as light, from the object. The electromagnetic radiation assembly is further configured to diffract the received electromagnetic radiation and transmit a diffracted electromagnetic radiation. An image capture assembly is configured to capture an image of the diffracted electromagnetic radiation and produce the hologram of the cross-section of the object from the captured image. The hologram of the cross-section includes information regarding a single cross-section of the object.

Abstract: System, apparatus, method, and computer readable media for edge-enhanced non-local means (NLM) image denoising. In embodiments, edge detail is preserved in filtered image data by weighting of the noisy input target pixel value with other pixel values based on self-similarity and further informed by a data-driven directional spatial filter. Embodiments herein may denoise regions of an image lacking edge characteristics with a more uniform spatial filter than those having edge characteristics. In embodiments, directionality of a spatial filter function is modulated based on an edge metric to increase the weighting of pixel values along an edge when there is a greater probability the edge passes through the target pixel. In further embodiments, the adaptive spatial filter is elliptical and oriented relative to a spatial gradient direction with non-uniform filter widths that are based on the edge metric.

Abstract: Wireless communication link bandwidth utilization monitoring apparatus and methods are disclosed. Utilization of bandwidth on a wireless communication link is monitored to generate bandwidth utilization information. In order to provide a record of the distribution of bandwidth utilization, durations of bandwidth utilization above respective different thresholds might be determined. Such distributions could be useful for such purposes as network analysis and/or customer billing based on actual wireless bandwidth usage. Bandwidth utilization information may be collected from multiple wireless link nodes, illustratively the wireless link nodes at both ends of monitored wireless communication links, to allow total bandwidth utilization for bi-directional communications over the monitored links to be determined.

Abstract: Image details are created for an image. An image is processed to obtain image information. Detected texture samples are processed to obtain texture information. A processor device is used for transforming received image information for obtaining frequency domain information. The texture information is used for determining a lifting factor. A frequency distribution is determined for the frequency domain information using the lifting factor for creating particular frequency. An inverse transformation is performed on an updated frequency distribution for creating output image blocks. The output image blocks are combined to create image details for a lifted image. The lifted image is mixed with the image.

Abstract: Presented herein are caching structures and apparatus for use in block based video. In one embodiment, there is described a system receiving lower resolution frames and generating higher resolution frames. The system comprises an upsampling circuit, a first circuit, and a second circuit. The upsampling circuit upsamples a particular lower resolution frame, thereby resulting in an upsampled frame. The first circuit maps frames that are proximate to the particular frame, to the particular frame. The second circuit simultaneously updates the upsampled frame with two or more blocks from at least one of the frames that are proximate to the particular frame.

Abstract: Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method comprising receiving image data generated by an imaging device. The image data represents an image captured by the imaging device and the image includes image edges. The method further comprises receiving sensor data related to sensor gain used by the imaging device for capturing the image, and adjusting the image data to modify sharpness of the image edges of the image. The adjusting is based, at least in part, on the sensor data.

Abstract: Provided are a method and device for automatically controlling a state indicator of a terminal device. The method comprises: brightness of a working environment of a terminal device is detected in real time to acquire a brightness signal of the working environment of the terminal device; a current electric level value of the brightness signal is determined according to a variation of the electric level value of the brightness signal within a preset duration; the current electric level value is determined as a light-on electric level value or a light-off electric level value by using a preset threshold; and the state indicator of the terminal device is controlled to carry out a light-on or light-off operation according to the determined light-on electric level value or light-off electric level value.

Abstract: A television receiver includes: an edge gradient direction setting section configured to set an edge gradient direction of an interpolation pixel by use of input pixels within a reference block; a temporary reference coordinate setting section (65) configured to set four reference pixels to be vertices of a parallelogram having two sides perpendicular to the edge gradient direction; a reference pixel value setting section (66) configured to set, by use of the input pixels within the reference block regardless of whether a first reference pixel and/or a second reference pixel of the four reference pixels is/are located inside or outside the reference block, reference pixel values which are pixel values of the respective four reference pixels; and an interpolation pixel value calculating section (67) configured to calculate a pixel value of the interpolation pixel by use of the reference pixel values of the respective four reference pixels.

Abstract: A duty ratio correction circuit includes: a buffer circuit configured to generate a second signal based on a first signal, the second signal having a DC component corresponding to a first control signal; a waveform shaping section configured to shape a waveform of the second signal to generate a third signal that is a target of duty ratio correction; a first capacitor; and a first charge-discharge control circuit configured to selectively charge or discharge the first capacitor based on the third signal, to generate the first control signal.

Abstract: According to an image processing apparatus includes an acquisition unit, a storage unit, and a convolution unit. The acquisition unit is configured to acquire an input image captured via an optical system. The storage unit is configured to store therein a coefficient designed through learning for each of positions of respective pixel sets referred to in a convolution such that a result of the convolution of a second image with the coefficient is brought nearer to a first image, the second image being obtained by deteriorating the first image through a predetermined deterioration process. The convolution unit is configured to read the coefficient from the storage unit correspondingly to a position of a pixel set referred to in the input image, and generate an output image by convoluting the pixel set with the coefficient.