Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a data driving device and a display device including the same, and more particularly, to a data driving device and a display device including the same, capable of improving the slew rate and the display speed of the display device by overdriving a pixel of a display panel with a power voltage of the data driving device.

Abstract: A fiber scanning projector includes a piezoelectric element and a scanning fiber passing through and mechanically coupled to the piezoelectric element. The scanning fiber emits light propagating along an optical path. The fiber scanning projector also includes a first polarization sensitive reflector disposed along and perpendicular to the optical path, a quarter wave plate disposed adjacent the first polarization sensitive reflector, and a second polarization sensitive reflector disposed along and perpendicular to the optical path.

Abstract: A chromaticity adjusting method of a projector includes a first light source for emitting blue light and a second light source for emitting yellow light including red light and green light. A chromaticity value of the blue light is acquired and the chromaticity value and the luminance value of each of the red light and the green light is obtained. The second target chromaticity value is determined based on the first target chromaticity value, the chromaticity value of the blue light, and the chromaticity value and the luminance value of each of the red light and the green light. Light quantities of the first and second light sources are controlled based on the second target chromaticity value. Signal levels of the red, green, and blue color components included in the video signal are controlled according to the difference between the first target chromaticity value and the second target chromaticity value.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a light field display device, including: a backlight layer; a light control array layer; and a control layer. The backlight layer, the light control array layer, and the control layer are arranged side by side, and images on the backlight layer, the light control array layer, and the control layer are superimposed to form a three-dimensional image.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to wearable display technologies. More specifically, various embodiments of the present invention provide wearable augmented reality glasses incorporating projection display systems where one or more laser diodes are used as light source for illustrating images with optical delivery to the eye using transparent waveguides. In one set of embodiments, the present invention provides wearable augmented reality glasses incorporating projector systems that utilize transparent waveguides and blue and/or green laser fabricated using gallium nitride containing material. In another set of embodiments, the present invention provides wearable augmented reality glasses incorporating projection systems having digital lighting processing engines illuminated by blue and/or green laser devices with optical delivery to the eye using transparent waveguides.

Abstract: A polarizing rotation device including a rotation shaft, a driving element and a polarizing element is provided. The driving element is configured to drive the rotation shaft to rotate. The polarizing element is connected to the rotation shaft and is disposed on a transmission path of at least one beam, where the driving element is configured to drive the polarizing element to rotate sequentially while taking the rotation shaft as a rotation central axis, and when the polarizing element is rotated, the at least one beam penetrates through the polarizing element, and the at least one beam penetrating through the polarizing element has different polarization states at different time. Therefore, when a projection device is in a polarized stereoscopic mode, a color or brightness of a display image is uniform, and a user observes a 3D display image with good uniformity.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a score signal representing the quality of an audio or video signal supplied to the apparatus is proposed. The apparatus comprises: an input for supplying an audio or video signal, a computing unit implementing a neural network, the computing unit being supplied with the audio or video signal, and producing a score signal representing the quality of an audio or video signal supplied representing at least one predefined quality parameter of the audio or video signal, the neural network being set up by being trained with training data of a specific transmission standard and/or codec used for generating the audio or video data.

Abstract: A lighting system and a projection device with enhanced functionality includes a light source in the lighting system for emitting first light, a first wavelength selection structure, and a second wavelength selection structure. The first wavelength selection structure includes a wavelength selection portion for transmitting the first light in a first target wavelength and a first light-transmitting portion for transmitting the first light. The light emitted then from the first wavelength selection structure is defined as second light. The second wavelength selection structure receives the second light and applies a supplementary portion for transmitting the second light in a second target wavelength and a second light-transmitting portion for transmitting the light. The light emitted from the second wavelength selection structure is adjustable as to colors, as to low or high color saturation, and as to low or high brightness of the projection image.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, from an image sensor of a vehicle, an image signal that represents a vector of a plurality of input measured color values; determining weighting values as a function of the input measured values using a determination rule; ascertaining model matrices from a plurality of stored model matrices as a function of the weighting values, each of the model matrices generated for possible input measured values using a training rule; generating a color reconstruction matrix using the ascertained model matrices and at least one of the determined weighting values according to a generating rule; and applying the generated color reconstruction matrix to the measured color value vector in order to produce an output color vector that represents a processed image signal.

Abstract: A projector and a projection method are provided. The projector is coupled to a display card and includes a light source, a light valve, a projection lens, and a processor. The light source provides an illumination beam. The light valve converts the illumination beam into an image beam. The projection lens projects the image beam to the outside of the projector to form an imaged image. The processor receives an input image signal from the display card, and generates a control signal corresponding to the input image signal according to a refresh rate of the input image signal. When the refresh rate is greater than a threshold, the imaged image has a first resolution. When the refresh rate is less than the threshold, the light valve performs a pixel shifting operation, so that the imaged image has a second resolution. The first resolution is less than the second resolution.

Abstract: A projector control system and a control method corresponding to same. The system includes a main controller, a dynamic current adjusting module, a color wheel controller, a color wheel rotation speed feedback module, and a light source; the dynamic current adjusting module includes a DLP module, a light source controller, and a power supply module; the color wheel rotation speed feedback module generates a feedback signal; the DLP module receives the feedback signal, and the DLP module receives dynamic brightness information and sends processed dynamic brightness information and a control signal to the light source controller according to the feedback signal; the light source controller controls the power module according to the received processed dynamic brightness information and the control signal sent by the DLP module to turn on a power switch and output a corresponding current value.

Abstract: A projector optical system includes a LED (Light Emitting Diode) light source, an optical rod polarization conversion module, an overlapped lens module, a first mirror, a focusing lens, a LCD light valve, a field lens, a second mirror and a projection lens, which are sequentially arranged according to a traveling direction of lights. The optical rod polarization conversion module is for integration and polarized light conversion of natural lights emitted from the LED light source. The overlapped lens module is for superimposing integrated lights on the LCD light valve, so as to greatly improve light utilization of a projector and obviously save power supply consumption. Meanwhile, uniform illumination to the LCD light valve is realized, which obviously improves illumination uniformity and illumination efficiency. A projector optical engine is further provided, including the projector optical system.

Abstract: A metrology system for substrate processing includes an optical metrology station including a plurality of optical sensors to measure spectra from a plurality of measurement locations on a substrate. A plurality of fiber cables are connected to the plurality of optical sensors. A spectrometer is selectively connected to the plurality of fiber cables. A mass metrology station measures at least one of a mass or mass change of the substrate. A controller includes a modelling module to generate thickness values at the plurality of measurement locations based on the spectra from the plurality of measurement locations and a learned model. A spatial modelling module generates a spatial thickness distribution model for the substrate based on the thickness values at the plurality of measurement locations from the modelling module and the at least one of the mass or the mass change from the mass metrology station.

Abstract: An optical device includes a light source, which is configured to emit a beam of light, and a sensor having a detection area. At least one scanning mirror is configured to scan the beam across a target scene. Light collection optics include a collection lens positioned to receive the light from the scene that is reflected from the at least one scanning mirror and to focus the collected light onto a focal plane, and a non-imaging optical element having a front surface positioned at the focal plane of the collection lens and a rear surface in proximity to the sensor and configured to spread the light focused by the collection lens over the detection area of the sensor.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a filter configured to transmit light and an image sensor configured to generate an image according to the light. The filter includes first to fourth filter regions. The first filter region transmits light of a first wavelength region, and does not transmit light of a second wavelength region. The second filter region does not transmit the light of the first wavelength region and transmits the light of the second wavelength region. The third, filter region does not transmit the light of the first, wavelength region and does not transmit the light of the second wavelength region. The fourth filter region transmits the light of the first wavelength region and transmits the light of the second wavelength region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for combining light beams which interact with adjacently arranged pixels of a light modulator. The present invention furthermore relates to a device for beam combination and to a spatial light modulation device for complex-valued modulation. The invention relates to a device for beam combination, and to an optical arrangement of polarization-sensitive component parts which allows complex-valued modulation of a light field by means of a phase-modulating light modulator and a beam combiner, which is insensitive to changes in the incidence direction of the illumination wave. This document furthermore also relates to various arrangements of reflectively operating light modulators.

Abstract: A stereoscopic image projection device and stereoscopic display glasses include a light source system for sequentially generating a first broad spectrum light and a second broad spectrum light; a light splitter for splitting the first broad spectrum light into a first wavelength light and a second wavelength light, each having different wavelengths, and splitting the second broad spectrum light into a third wavelength light and a fourth wavelength light, each having different wavelengths; and a controller for simultaneously controlling the first wavelength light to display a corresponding color in a left-eye image and the second wavelength light to display a corresponding color in a right-eye image, and simultaneously controlling the third wavelength light to display a corresponding color in the left-eye image and the fourth wavelength light to display a corresponding color in the right-eye image.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an illumination system, a projection device and an illumination control method. The illumination system includes a first sensor, a second sensor and a control module. The first sensor receives a part of an excitation beam and a part of at least one converted beam scattered by a wavelength conversion module, so as to generate a first photoelectric signal. The second sensor receives a part of a first set of color light and a part of a second set of color light scattered by a filter module, so as to generate a second photoelectric signal. The control module generates a synchronization signal based on relative intensity changes of the first and second photoelectric signals. The synchronization signal is to synchronize the wavelength conversion module with the filter module, and the first set of color light and the second set of color light sequentially form an illumination beam.

Abstract: A light source section 21 includes a red light source 22r, a green light source 22g, and a blue light source 22b, and one frame period is divided into four subfield periods. Light sources of each color respectively emit light in blue, green, and red subfield periods, and the red light source 22r and the green light source 22g emit light in a yellow subfield period. Light emission intensity of the blue light source 22b in the blue subfield period is set to twice light emission intensities of the red light source 22r and the green light source 22g in other subfield periods. Color breakup is reduced by displaying the yellow subfield, and light utilization efficiency improved by setting transmittance of a light modulation element 16 to 100% when a white signal by which each gradation of red, green, and blue becomes maximum is input. With this, a field sequential type display device which can reduce color breakup and has high light utilization efficiency is provided.

Abstract: Dual or multi-modulation display systems comprising a first modulator and a second modulator are disclosed. The first modulator may comprise a plurality of analog mirrors (e.g. MEMS array) and the second modulator may comprise a plurality of mirrors (e.g., DMD array). The display system may further comprise a controller that sends control signals to the first and second modulator. The display system may render highlight features within a projected image by affecting a time multiplexing scheme. In one embodiment, the first modulator may be switched on a sub-frame basis such that a desired proportion of the available light may be focused or directed onto the second modulator to form the highlight feature on a sub-frame rendering basis.

Abstract: An electronic reading device includes an adjustable RGBW front light and an ambient light sensor. Additionally, the electronic reading device includes circuitry configured to receive a signal corresponding to a brightness level from the ambient light sensor, receive a signal corresponding to a current screen color temperature, calculate a predetermined mixture of light based on at least one of the brightness level or the current screen color temperature, Wherein the calculation allows the current screen color temperature to remain the same regardless of the brightness level, and display the predetermined mixture of light via the adjustable RGBW front light.

Abstract: Image display apparatus and methods may use a single imaging element such as a digital mirror device (DMD) to spatially modulate plural color channels. A color channel may include a light steering element such as a phase modulator. Steered light from a light steering element may be combined with or replaced by additional light to better display bright images. These technologies may be provided together or applied individually.

Abstract: A backlight unit has a light-guide plate and a light source optically coupled with the light-guide plate, with which light is input from a plane of the light-guide plate and white-light is output from the first principal plane of the light-guide plate. The light source has a plurality of blue light emitting diodes, red phosphor material excited by light from the blue light emitting diodes and emits red light, and a plurality of green semiconductor lasers having emission peaks at green light wavelengths. The red phosphor material is included in a phosphor sheet, and the phosphor sheet is disposed on a surface of the light-guide plate.

Abstract: A backlight unit has a light-guide plate and a light source optically coupled with the light-guide plate, with which light is input from a plane of the light-guide plate and white-light is output from the first principal plane of the light-guide plate. The light source has a plurality of blue light emitting diodes, red phosphor material excited by light from the blue light emitting diodes and emits red light, and a plurality of green semiconductor lasers having emission peaks at green light wavelengths. The red phosphor material is included in a phosphor sheet, and the phosphor sheet is disposed on a surface of the light-guide plate.

Abstract: A light source system comprises: a light-emitting device for emitting a first light and a second light in sequence; a beam splitting system with which the first light is divided into one beam in a first range of wavelength and the other beam in a second range of wavelength, respectively emitted along a first optical path and a second optical path, and also with which at least a part of the second light is emitted along the first optical path; a first spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the first optical path; a second spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the second optical path. The light source system has the advantages of high light-emitting efficiency and low cost. A projection system comprising the aforementioned light source system is also provided.

Abstract: A light source system comprises: a light-emitting device for emitting a first light and a second light in sequence; a beam splitting system with which the first light is divided into one beam in a first range of wavelength and the other beam in a second range of wavelength, respectively emitted along a first optical path and a second optical path, and also with which at least a part of the second light is emitted along the first optical path; a first spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the first optical path; a second spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the second optical path. The light source system has the advantages of high light-emitting efficiency and low cost. A projection system comprising the aforementioned light source system is also provided.

Abstract: A method of spatially and spectrally calibrating a spectrophotometer including: a) emitting a white light illumination output from a full width illumination source; b) illuminating a test patch with the white light illumination output; c) reflecting a portion of the white light illumination output from the test patch to form a white light reflected illumination output; d) receiving the white light reflected illumination output at first, second and third rows of photosensitive elements to form a first calibration data set; e) emitting a cyan light illumination output from the full width illumination source; f) illuminating the test patch with the cyan light illumination output; g) reflecting a portion of the cyan light illumination output from the test patch to form a cyan light reflected illumination output; and, h) receiving the cyan light reflected illumination output at the second and third rows of photosensitive elements to form a second calibration data set.

Abstract: A laser light source is provided. The laser light source includes: a laser device; a first color wheel and a second color wheel, on both of which there are corresponding color regions, wherein the laser device emits laser which illuminates the first color wheel and the second color wheel sequentially, and exits from the color regions on the second color wheel; a first marker and a second marker arranged respectively on the first and the second color wheels; a first sensor configured to detect the first marker, and to generate a first sense signal; a second sensor configured to detect the second marker, and to generate a second sense signal; and a control unit configured to synchronize the first color wheel and the second color wheel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a lighting device for illuminating a target object with the objective to draw a person's attention to this target object. It alternatingly provides a relatively fast dynamic light output component and a relatively slow dynamic light output component, the former being predominantly for triggering a person's attention towards a target object, while the latter is mainly for enhancing the visual appearance of the target object, thereby keeping someone's attention for that object. For this purpose, the lighting device is arranged to provide a primary light output alternatingly comprising a first light output component and a second light output component. The lighting device comprises a switching controller for switching between the first light output component and the second light output component after a time interval. The primary light output has a perceived light intensity that remains constant over time within a margin of 10%.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a light-emitting device includes a light source unit which emits polarized light in a first direction, a bending portion which is irradiated with the polarized light in the first direction and bends the light in a second direction, and a lightguide member which is irradiated with the polarized light caused to bend in the bending portion. The lightguide member comprises an exit surface, bends the polarized light in a third direction, and emits the light through the exit surface. The light source unit includes a first source which emits first light, and a second source which emits second light. The bending portion includes a first incident portion which the first light enters, and a second incident portion which the second light enters.

Abstract: A light source system comprises: a light-emitting device for emitting a first light and a second light in sequence; a beam splitting system with which the first light is divided into one beam in a first range of wavelength and the other beam in a second range of wavelength, respectively emitted along a first optical path and a second optical path, and also with which at least a part of the second light is emitted along the first optical path; a first spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the first optical path; a second spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the second optical path. The light source system has the advantages of high light-emitting efficiency and low cost. A projection system comprising the aforementioned light source system is also provided.

Abstract: A light source system comprises: a light-emitting device for emitting a first light and a second light in sequence; a beam splitting system with which the first light is divided into one beam in a first range of wavelength and the other beam in a second range of wavelength, respectively emitted along a first optical path and a second optical path, and also with which at least a part of the second light is emitted along the first optical path; a first spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the first optical path; a second spatial light modulator for modulating the beam emitted from the beam splitting system along the second optical path. The light source system has the advantages of high light-emitting efficiency and low cost. A projection system comprising the aforementioned light source system is also provided.

Abstract: An image projector includes a digital micro device (DMD) spatial light modulator and a rotatable actuator. The rotatable actuator is disposed in a path of light reflected from the spatial light modulator. The rotatable actuator includes a first region and a second region. The first region is tilted at a first non-normal angle with respect to an axis of rotation of the rotatable actuator. The second region is tilted at a second non-normal angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotatable actuator. Light reflected by the spatial light modulator and passing through the first region is displaced one pixel relative to light reflected by the spatial light modulator and passing through the second region.

Abstract: A near-eye display device includes at least one projection system configured to project an image to a target position. The projection system includes an image output module, an object lens group, an aperture-coded module, and an eyepiece. The image output module is configured to provide the image. The object lens group is configured to receive lights of the image, and includes a first lens group and a second lens group. The aperture-coded module is configured to receive the lights of the image from the first lens group and send the lights of the image to the second lens group, and the aperture-coded module sequentially provides plural coded patterns, such that the object lens group converts the image into plural relay images sequentially. The eyepiece is configured to send the relay images to the target position.

Abstract: A laser light source is provided. The laser light source includes: a laser device; a first color wheel and a second color wheel, on both of which there are corresponding color regions, wherein the laser device emits laser which illuminates the first color wheel and the second color wheel sequentially, and exits from the color regions on the second color wheel; a first marker and a second marker arranged respectively on the first and the second color wheels; a first sensor configured to detect the first marker, and to generate a first sense signal; a second sensor configured to detect the second marker, and to generate a second sense signal; and a control unit configured to synchronize the first color wheel and the second color wheel.

Abstract: An optical device (100) includes laser light sources (111 to 113), polarization films (121 to 123), and a stacked wave plate (130). The laser light sources (111 to 113) respectively output light of a different wavelength. The stacked wave plate (130) includes multiple wave plates (131 to 133) and induces a phase difference on polarization components of transmitted light. The polarization films (121 to 123) adjust the polarization direction of the light such that an angle between polarization directions of the light emitted by the laser light sources (111 to 113) and input to the stacked wave plate (130) becomes an angle that corrects an orientation angle difference that occurs at the stacked wave plate (130), consequent to differences in the wavelength of the light.

Abstract: An image projection apparatus includes a light source configured to emit light with a luminance according to electric power; a color wheel configured to sequentially transmit the light through multiple color filters arranged along a circumferential direction; a light modulation element configured to form an image by modulating an intensity of the light transmitted through the color wheel according to an input signal representing input image data; and a selection controller configured to select, out of a first waveform indicating temporal change in electric power supplied to the light source in a first mode and a second waveform indicating temporal change in electric power supplied to the light source in a second mode, the second waveform when a luminance value of the input signal is equal to or less than a first threshold. A brightness of the image in the second mode is lower than that in the first mode.

Abstract: A projector including: a projecting unit including a plurality of light sources and a modulating unit configured to modulate lights emitted by the plurality of light sources, the projecting unit projecting modulated light modulated by the modulating unit; an optical system configured to optically change a projection state of the modulated light projected from the projecting unit; an optical-system adjusting unit configured to change a state of the optical system; a storing unit configured to store states of the optical system and adjustment values of light emission amounts of the respective light sources for adjusting white balance of the modulated light in association with each other; and a light-emission-amount adjusting unit configured to adjust the light emission amounts of the respective light sources on the basis of the adjustment values corresponding to the states of the optical system.

Abstract: An illumination system including a plurality of light source units, at least one light concentrating unit, at least one taper tunnel and a light consolidating unit is provided. The light concentrating unit corresponds to and is disposed beside one of the light source units. The light concentrating unit has a first illuminating surface, the light source unit corresponding to the light concentrating unit has a second illuminating surface, and the other light source units not corresponding to the concentrator have a third illuminating surface, respectively. The concentrator is disposed between the taper tunnel and the light source unit, and the taper tunnel has a fourth illuminating surface. The light consolidating unit has a fifth illuminating surface. The area of the fourth illuminating surface, and each of the third illuminating surfaces corresponds to each other. A projection apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A lighting assembly comprises a light source and a light guide having a light input edge and a light output surface. Light from the light source enters the light input edge and is propagated within the light guide by total internal reflection. A spectrum adjuster is adjustable or selected to achieve a desired spectrum of the light within the light guide.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device 10 includes a liquid crystal panel 11, a backlight unit 12, a panel controller 50, and a backlight controller 51. The liquid crystal panel 11 includes red pixels RPX, blue pixels BPX, and green pixels GPX. The backlight unit 12 includes magenta LEDs 17M and green LEDs 17G. The panel controller 50 is for controlling the liquid crystal panel 11 such that one frame display period includes a first red and blue display period, a second red and blue display period, a first green display period, and a second green display period. In the first and the second display periods, the red pixels RPX and the blue pixels BPX are driven. In the first and the second green display periods, the red pixels RPX and the green pixels GPX are driven.

Abstract: There is provided a projection-type display apparatus which solves the problem that when an amount of electric power applied to light sources is adjusted, the amount of electric power involved in the cooling of LEDs becomes greater than necessary. Coolers (107R, 107G, 107B) cool light sources (103R, 103G, 103B). Light sensor (111) detects the brightness of a surrounding area. Light case temperature detectors (112R, 112G, 112B) detect case temperatures which are the temperatures of cases of light sources (103R, 103G, 103B). Light source forward voltage detectors (113R, 113G, 113B) detect forward voltages of light sources (103R, 103G, 103B). Light source forward current detectors (114R, 114G, 114B) detect forward currents of light sources (103R, 103G, 103B). Adjuster (117) adjusts the amount of cooling power of coolers (107R, 107G, 107B) based on the forward voltage, the forward current, and the case temperatures.

Abstract: There is disclosed a laser projector and a method of processing a signal thereof. The laser projector includes a plurality of laser sources configured to generate lasers, a controller configured to control each of the generated lasers to be incident on a specific region of a screen with a time difference, and a scanner configured to scan each of the lasers on the screen.

Abstract: A color display has continuous areas of a single color covering a plurality of sub-pixel electrodes. Each sub-pixel of a given color has sub-pixels of the same given color disposed along at least two of its adjacent edges. Each area of a single color may cover a 2×2 array of sub-pixel electrodes. The colors used may be red/green/blue/white (RGBW), red/green/blue/yellow (RGBY), or orange/lime/purple/white.

Abstract: A video display system includes a light source configured to generate light and a substrate having a plurality of pixels deposited on a first side of the substrate. Each of the pixels is formed from a plurality of photo-luminescent dyes, and the light source is configured to project light onto the first side of the substrate to illuminate at least a subset of the photo-luminescent dyes in a raster pattern to generate an image. In another embodiment omitting the substrate, the photo-luminescent dyes forming the pixels are deposited directly onto a screen.

Abstract: A method for controlling characteristics of an electronic device based on ambient light levels is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes receiving light at an ambient light sensor of a device and measuring components, such as color components, of the visible light. The component levels may be weighted differently by factors that vary based on the intensity of the light received by the ambient light sensor. Also, the brightness level of a light source in the device or color output of the device may be controlled based on the weighted component levels. Additional methods, systems, and devices relating to control of an electronic device based on sensed ambient light are also disclosed.

Abstract: A portable digital television (DTV) comprises a processor, a channel and volume changing button arrangement, and a navigational button arrangement. Either or both button arrangements can be used in at least a bi-modal operation. In a first mode of operation, the button arrangements provide their normal functions, and in the second mode of operation, the button arrangements provide an interactive application interface to the user. Preferably, one of the two button arrangements is selected for the bi-modal operation. The selected button arrangement is associated with at least an optical element for lighting the button arrangement. The controller operates the optical element such that the selected button arrangement has one color in one mode of operation and has a different color in the other mode of operation.

Abstract: A vibrating mirror device includes a mirror portion, a driving portion including a detecting electrode that detects an amount of deformation of a piezoelectric element when driving the mirror portion by applying a voltage to cause the piezoelectric element to deform, an insulating layer formed on a top face of the piezoelectric element, and a first lead interconnection that is formed on the top face of the insulating layer, that contacts the detecting electrode, and that extends to a region outside of the driving portion.

Abstract: In embodiments of power saving field sequential color (FSC), an illumination source illuminates pixels of a displayable image by sequentially generating RGB (red, green, blue) components of a pixel in a timed sequence of field sequential color. The pixels of a displayable image may also include a white component derived from the RGB components. An illumination reduction algorithm is implemented to determine the highest RGB (or RGBW) components from any of the pixels of the displayable image. The highest RGB (or RGBW) components can be determined from any combination of the same or different pixels of the displayable image. The illumination reduction algorithm then divides each of the highest RGB (or RGBW) components by a maximum brightness value to generate respective RGB (or RGBW) component factors. A display controller then processes each pixel of the displayable image for display according to the RGB (or RGBW) component factors.

Abstract: Micro-electromechanical display device (“MDD”)-based multimedia projectors (90, 120) of this invention employ an arc lamp (32), a color modulator (42), and anamorphic illumination systems (94, 121) for optimally illuminating a MDD (50, 76) to improve projected image brightness. MDDs employ off-axis illumination wherein incident and reflected light bundles are angularly separated about a hinge axis (78, 110) and the MDD is illuminated by the anamorphic illumination systems of this invention having a slow f/# parallel to the hinge axis and a faster f/# perpendicular to the hinge axis. The resulting anamorphic light bundles (86, 88, 112, 114) illuminate and reflect more light into and off the MDD and through a fast f/# projection lens.