Abstract: An illumination system includes first laser light sources, second laser light sources, an optical module, and a light homogenizing element. The first and second laser light sources respectively provide first and second beams. A light spot area formed when the second beams are emitted is different from that formed when the first beams are emitted. The optical module converts the first beams into spot-expanding beams which form a light spot area different from that of the first beams. The light homogenizing element includes a light incident face disposed on transmission paths of the second beams and the spot-expanding beams. A difference between light spot areas formed by the second beams and the spot-expanding beams on the light incident face is less than a difference between light spot areas formed when the second beams and the first beams are emitted. A projection apparatus having the illumination system is further disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for presenting an image for a heads-up display includes three arrays of light-emitting diodes, wherein the light-emitting diodes of an array are arranged and output electromagnetic beams in an emission direction of an emission side of the array, the light-emitting diodes output an electromagnetic beam with a first opening angle in the emission direction, a collimation apparatus provided on the emission side at a specified spacing in front of the array of the light-emitting diodes, wherein the collimation apparatus reduces the first opening angles of the beams of the light-emitting diodes downstream of the collimation apparatus in the emission direction to a second opening angle, the second opening angle is smaller than the first opening angle, and a combination optical unit arranged downstream of the collimation apparatus in the emission direction, the combination optical unit superposes the electromagnetic rays from the three arrays to form an image for the head-up display.

Abstract: The optical system having an imaging lens that images a first-plane and a second-plane which are discontinuous includes: a first-optical-system that images the first-plane; a second-optical-system that images the second-plane; and a common-optical-system that forms a subject image, which is incident through the first-optical-system, on the first-light-receiving-region of the image sensor and forms a subject image, which is incident through the second-optical-system, on the second-light-receiving-region of the image sensor. In the optical system, an angle of view, at which imaging is performed by the first-optical-system and the common-optical-system, overlaps with an angle of view, at which imaging is performed by the second-optical-system and the common-optical-system.

Abstract: An optical module includes a light-forming unit configured to form light, and a protective member surrounding and sealing the light-forming unit. The light-forming unit includes a base member including an electronic temperature control module, a plurality of laser diodes arranged on the base member, a filter arranged on the base member and configured to multiplex light from the plurality of laser diodes, a beam shaping portion arranged on the base member and configured to convert a beam shape of the light multiplexed by the filter, and a MEMS arranged on the base member and including a scanning mirror configured to scan the light shaped in the beam shaping portion. The protective member includes a base body, and a lid welded to the base body.

Abstract: A projection system includes a projector, a controller, and a reflecting mirror in order to project sufficiently bright display information in on a plurality of display areas without distortion. The projector includes a light source, a phase-modulation-type spatial light modulator element, and an optical system. The spatial light modulator element includes a display part displaying a pattern corresponding to the display information, and modulates and emits light radiated on the display part from the light source. The optical system projects modulated light emitted from the spatial light modulator element. The controller generates control conditions for controlling the light source and the spatial light modulator element, based on display conditions acquired from a host system, and controls the light source and the spatial light modulator element, based on the generated control conditions. The reflecting mirror reflects projected light from the projector toward the plurality of display areas.

Abstract: A highly attractive program, a computer apparatus, a program execution method, and a system that allow a user to experience a virtual world full of the realistic feeling are provided. Provided is a program to be executed on a computer apparatus capable of communicating or connecting with a projector that projects a projection image onto a projected surface, the program causing the computer apparatus to function as: a specific point position changer that changes a position of a specific point for specifying the projection image to be projected onto the projected surface; and a transmitter that transmits an image in accordance with the position of the specific point to a projector as the projection image.

Abstract: A projection apparatus, comprising one or more light sources, wherein the one or more light sources are arranged to collectively provide a light signal which comprises multiple wavelengths, wherein the projection apparatus further comprises an optical filter configured to filter the light signal provided by the one or more light sources, so that two or more images may be projected simultaneously by the projection apparatus, each image being projected to a different position. There is further provided a scanning device which uses the afore-mentioned projection apparatus.

Abstract: A projector is provided. The projector includes: a fluorescent wheel; at least one first light source that emits light toward the fluorescent wheel; and a fly eye lens that uniformalizes light, having transmitted the fluorescent wheel. Therefore, a fly eye lens is used instead of a light tunnel and a transmissive fluorescent wheel is used and thus it is unnecessary to divide a lens configuration of transmitting light and reflecting light. Accordingly, the number of optical systems can be reduced and thus efficiency of a projector can be enhanced and a size and production cost of the projector can be reduced.

Abstract: A three-color light source 1 is a three-color light source that combines red, green, and blue laser light so as to output light. The three-color light source 1 includes a red LD 11, a green LD 12, a blue LD 13, a first collimator lens 61, a second collimator lens 62, a third collimator lens 63, a first wavelength filter 81, a second wavelength filter 82, a carrier 30 that is equipped with the LDs 11 to 13, the collimator lenses 61 to 63, and the wavelength filters 81 and 82, and a TEC 40 that is equipped with the carrier 30. The red LD 11 is formed of a GaAs-based material, and the green LD 12 and the blue LD 13 are formed of GaN-based materials.

Abstract: Disclosed is a light source unit which emits fluorescence light to a display element which displays an image by using the fluorescence light including an excitation light source which emits excitation light, a fluorescent plate including a fluorescence emission region on a surface of a circular substrate which emits the fluorescence light by the fluorescence emission region being irradiated with the excitation light from the excitation light source, a drive unit which rotates the fluorescent plate in a circumferential direction and a control unit which controls the excitation light source and the drive unit. And the control unit controls the drive unit so that a display frequency of the display element and a rotation frequency of the fluorescent plate fulfill formula (1) j×display frequency=k×rotation frequency (j, k are integers, j>k)??(1).

Abstract: A projection apparatus includes one or more light sources, wherein the one or more light sources are arranged to collectively provide a light signal which comprises multiple wavelengths, wherein the projection apparatus further includes an optical filter configured to filter the light signal provided by the one or more light sources, so that two or more images may be projected simultaneously by the projection apparatus, each image being projected to a different position.

Abstract: A projection apparatus for projecting a first image and a second image is disclosed. The projection apparatus has a casing, a light source module providing an illumination beam, a light valve device, a first prism, a second prism, a third prism, a fourth prism, a first projection lens, and a second projection lens. The illumination beam enters the first prism, the second prism, the third prism, the fourth prism, and the light valve device. The illumination beam is reflected and converted into a first image beam and a second image beam. The first image beam enters the first prism and is totally reflected to the first projection lens to form the first image. The second image beam enters the third prism and is totally reflected to the second projection lens to form the second image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to medical devices and provides an intra-oral scanner for a digital impression. The intra-oral scanner has a window for limiting an acquisition range. The intra-oral scanner sequentially includes, along a light path, a three-color LED light source module, a microlens array sheet, a collimator lens group, a gray coding grating plate, an optical deflector, a projection lens group, a first reflector, a second reflector and a third reflector positioned in parallel with each other with their reflective surfaces opposing to each other, and a camera. The intra-oral scanner can perform a scan directly in the human oral cavity and obtain the digital impression of three-dimensional topography of the tooth and soft tissue in real-time, thereby meeting the requirements of dentists and dental technicians to quickly and accurately obtain the oral impressions.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide for a video projector system having a light engine, a video processing engine, and an optical engine. The light engine can provide narrow-band laser light to the optical engine module which modulates the laser light according to video signals received from the video processing engine. Some embodiments provide for a scanning system in the optical engine configured to scan light across one or more modulating elements from two or more colors. The light from two or more colors can be scanned across the modulating element such that the two or more colors are incident at different locations on the element at a particular time. Systems and methods for reducing speckle are presented in conjunction with the modular laser projector system.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide for a modular video projector system having a light engine module and an optical engine module. The light engine module can provide narrow-band laser light to the optical engine module which modulates the laser light according to video signals received from a video processing engine. Some embodiments provide for an optical engine module having a sub-pixel generator configured to display video or images at a resolution of at least four times greater than a resolution of modulating elements within the optical engine module. Systems and methods for reducing speckle are presented in conjunction with the modular video projector system.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide for a modular video projector system having a light engine module and an optical engine module. The light engine module can provide narrow-band laser light to the optical engine module which modulates the laser light according to video signals received from a video processing engine. Some embodiments provide for an optical engine module having a sub-pixel generator configured to display video or images at a resolution of at least four times greater than a resolution of modulating elements within the optical engine module. Systems and methods for reducing speckle are presented in conjunction with the modular video projector system.

Abstract: A projection display device which displays an image by projecting the image on a screen includes a laser light source for emitting coherent light, a display device for forming an image to be displayed on a screen in an area illuminated by a luminous flux from the laser light source, a first diffusion plate for diffusing a luminous flux, and a second diffusion plate for diffusing a luminous flux. The first diffusion plate is provided in at least one of a conjugate position of the laser light source or the vicinity of the conjugate position in the optical path of the optical system including the laser light source through the screen. The second diffusion plate is provided in at least one of a conjugate position of the display device and the vicinity of the conjugate position.

Abstract: One embodiment of a viewing cone adjustment system includes a projection lens that defines a projection lens optical axis adjustably offset from a viewing screen optical axis, and an image source device that defines an image source optical axis adjustably offset from the projection lens optical axis.

Abstract: A rear projection imaging system with an image warping distortion correction system using a camera and processing unit to generate a warping map that corrects for image distortion. The warping map is generated in an iterative process by displaying a known pattern on a viewing screen and, through the use of a camera, having a microprocessor determine the location and shape of the pattern on the screen. The microprocessor then compares the displayed image to the original reference image, calculates the distortion effects present in the projection optics, and generates a warping map.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide for a modular video projector system having a light engine module and an optical engine module. The light engine module can provide narrow-band laser light to the optical engine module which modulates the laser light according to video signals received from a video processing engine. Some embodiments provide for an optical engine module having a sub-pixel generator configured to display video or images at a resolution of at least four times greater than a resolution of modulating elements within the optical engine module. Systems and methods for reducing speckle are presented in conjunction with the modular video projector system.

Abstract: An image displaying apparatus, comprising: a first light modulator unit, which is configured to modulate a light incident thereon, responding to a first video signal, thereby to form a first image; one or a plural number of second light modulator units, which is/are configured to modulate a light from a light source, responding to a second video signal; and an enlarged image forming unit, being disposed on a light incidence side of the first light modulator unit, upon which a light modulated within the second light modulator unit is projected, enlargedly, thereby to form a second image thereon, wherein upon the first light modulator unit is incident the light of the second image formed on the enlarged image forming unit, and the first image is formed through modulation of the light of the second image responding to the first video signal.

Abstract: Provided is an optical scanning element that includes mirror unit 1, and movable unit 2 including mounting unit 7 on which mirror unit is mounted and which is configured to be rotatable. Mirror unit 1 includes: a dielectric multilayer film that reflects a part of incident light while transmitting the remainder of the light; and a first substrate on one surface of which the dielectric multilayer film is formed, and which transmits the remainder of the light passed through the dielectric multilayer film. Mounting unit 7 includes a through-hole at a portion facing the dielectric multilayer film.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes one or more imaging channels, each imaging channel includes a polarized light source and a spatial light modulator that is actuable to modulate the polarized light and provide a modulated polarized light. A control logic processor is disposed to receive and analyze each frame of image data for the one or more imaging channels. A variable brightness attenuator in the path of the modulated polarized light and actuable under the control of the control logic processor to attenuate the modulated polarized light to one of a plurality of attenuation levels for the one or more imaging channels according to each frame of image data.

Abstract: Technology for carrying out a luminance range expansion process is provided. In the technology, the luminance range expansion process is carried out in a manner appropriate to the luminance histogram of image data. Using the white peak value WP which represents the maximum value of luminance and the APL which represents the mean value thereof in the luminance histogram of image data, an expansion coefficient for use in the luminance range expansion process is derived by referring to an expansion coefficient lookup table 210. On the basis of the expansion coefficient, the luminance range expansion process is performed on the image data.

Abstract: A rear projection imaging system with an image warping distortion correction system using a camera and processing unit to generate a warping map that corrects for image distortion. The warping map is generated in an iterative process by displaying a known pattern on a viewing screen and, through the use of a camera, having a microprocessor determine the location and shape of the pattern on the screen. The microprocessor then compares the displayed image to the original reference image, calculates the distortion effects present in the projection optics, and generates a warping map.

Abstract: A projection system for projecting an output image. The projection system comprises 1) a plurality of laser diodes, each laser diode generating a light beam; 2) combiner optics for combining light beams from the laser diodes to generate an output light beam; and a MEMS mirror module for receiving the output light beam and generating a scanning light beam operable to form the output image on a projection surface. A controller operates the projection system in a first mode in which the projection system projects an output image and operates the projection system in a second mode in which the projection system transmits data to an external device using a light beam from one of the plurality of laser diodes.

Abstract: An object management apparatus comprising an image photographing unit, a storage unit, and a control unit communicably connected to at least one operation target device and a mobile terminal including a displacement detecting unit that detects a displacement of a physical quantity caused when the mobile terminal moves and a display unit via a network, wherein the storage unit includes, a display object storing unit, an operation target object storing unit, and a processing command storing unit, and the control unit includes, a display object transmitting unit, a mobile terminal position acquiring unit, an region determining unit, an operation target object determining unit, a processing command determining physical quantity displacement receiving unit, a display object acquiring unit, a processing command searching unit, and a processing command executing unit.

Abstract: A projector includes a plurality of light modulation elements adapted to modulate a plurality of colored light beams based on image data, a combining optical system adapted to combine the modulated colored light beams to emit image light, and a projection optical system adapted to project the image light emitted from the combining optical system on a projection screen. The light modulation elements are disposed with respect to the combining optical system so that long sides of the respective light modulation elements are adjacent to each other. Signal line cable boards adapted to provide the respective light modulation elements with signals, and coupled to short sides of the respective light modulation elements. A scanning direction of writing the image data to the light modulation elements is set to be parallel to a direction of the short side of an image display area in each of the light modulation elements.

Abstract: There are provided a write light valve for generating image-writing light by modulating write light, a driver for writing images into the write light valve based on image data, read light valves for each color for generating respective color image lights by modulating each received color illumination light, an imaging lens group for guiding the image-writing light emitted from the write light valve to the respective read light valves, a dichroic cube for combining together color image lights emitted from the respective read light valves, a projection lens for projecting each color image light combined together. The imaging lens group has a distortion aberration which reduces or cancels out a distortion aberration of the projection lens.

Abstract: A projection display apparatus 101 in which the light quantity adjusting means has a simple and readily interchangeable structure, and which can improve image quality by adjusting the quantity of light received by a light valve continuously, without causing illuminance irregularities, and without having unwanted light radiated onto the screen, the light quantity adjusting means 9 having light blocking members 91L, 91R for blocking light in transit to a second lens array 22, and rotational axes 91LA, 91RA for turnably supporting each of the light blocking members on an xy plane, the light blocking members 91L, 91R and rotational axes 91LA, 91RA being positioned so that the rotational axes 91LA, 91RA are disposed in positions symmetric with respect to the optical axis AX on the xy plane, and the turning range from the light blocking initiation position at which the light blocking members 91L, 91R, by being turned, start to block light in transit toward the second lens array 22 to the maximum light blocking posi

Abstract: A system and method for uniform light generation in projection display systems. An illumination source comprises a light source to produce colored light, and a scrolling optics unit optically coupled to the light source, the scrolling optics unit configured to create lines of colored light from the colored light, and to scroll the lines of colored light along a direction orthogonal to a light path of the illumination source. The scrolling optics unit comprises a single light shaping diffuser to transform the colored light into the lines of colored light, an optical filter positioned in the light path after the light shaping diffuser, and a scrolling optics element positioned in the light path after the optical filter. The single light shaping diffuser is capable of simultaneously transforming colored light into lines of colored light having substantially uniform intensity to provide uniform illumination.

Abstract: It is an object to prevent deterioration of reflectance of a reflection layer composed of silver or a silver alloy, resulting from heat-caused migration of silver. The reflector for projection type display apparatuses which display image light beams emitted and reflected by a light source, modulated for light intensity by a display device and magnified by a projection lens, wherein the reflector is provided, on the reflection surface side, with a reflection layer composed at least of silver or a silver alloy, and a layer comprising inorganic particles and a binder composed of a silicon compound; and a light source and image display device which use the reflector.

Abstract: A lightweight, compact image projection module, especially for mounting in a housing having a light-transmissive window, is operative for sweeping a composite laser beam as a pattern of linear scan lines on a planar projection surface and for causing selected pixels arranged along each linear scan line to be illuminated to produce an image of high quality and in color.

Abstract: Technology for carrying out a luminance range expansion process is provided. In the technology, the luminance range expansion process is carried out in a manner appropriate to the luminance histogram of image data. Using the white peak value WP which represents the maximum value of luminance and the APL which represents the mean value thereof in the luminance histogram of image data, an expansion coefficient for use in the luminance range expansion process is derived by referring to an expansion coefficient lookup table 210. On the basis of the expansion coefficient, the luminance range expansion process is performed on the image data.

Abstract: A projection system that includes a singe light modulation device and a plurality of light sources of different wavelengths. Each wavelength of light is incident on the light modulation device at a spatially distinct location and a temporally distinct time. The use of a scanning mirror allows the projection system to sequentially form, in full-color, each of the columns or rows of an image. The projection system is characterized by the reduction of color separation or the rainbow effect due to the rendering of each column or row in full color.

Abstract: A stereo projection optical system includes a first polarizing beam splitter, a transmission-type light modulator positioned to receive the first polarized light component from the first polarizing light splitter and an image assimilator positioned to receive an emergent light of the transmission-type light modulator. The image assimilator includes a second polarized light splitter and first, second reflective spatial light modulators. The stereo projection optical systems provide viewers three-dimensional images formed by two alternative polarization light beams whose polarizations are perpendicular to each other utilizing the transmission-type light modulators to form “3-D” images.

Abstract: A rear projection imaging system with an image warping distortion correction system using a camera and processing unit to generate a warping map that corrects for image distortion. The warping map is generated in an iterative process by displaying a known pattern on a viewing screen and, through the use of a camera, having a microprocessor determine the location and shape of the pattern on the screen. The microprocessor then compares the displayed image to the original reference image, calculates the distortion effects present in the projection optics, and generates a warping map.

Abstract: A display device capable of displaying a plurality of projection images is provided. The display device includes a light source within a base and a plurality of projection outputs. Each projection output comprises an optical modulation device and a projection lens system. The light source includes a switch and a plurality of light sources such as lasers or LEDs with different color to one another. The switch receives and diverts light beams from the light sources in a predetermined sequential order to the plurality of projection outputs.

Abstract: A lightweight, compact image projection module has a controller operative for causing selected pixels in a raster pattern to be illuminated to produce an image of high resolution of VGA quality in color. The controller has a video data channel for receiving video data from a host, and a control data channel for bidirectionally transmitting and receiving control data to and from the host. A plurality of input communication ports is provided on the controller. Each input communication port is operative for communicating the control data at a different communication standard. A selected one of the input communication ports having a communications standard matching the communications standard of the host is connected over the control data channel to the host.

Abstract: A color light projector utilizes color light-emitting diodes (120, 140Y, and 140Z or 320X, 320Y, and 320Z) as light sources. Digital light modulators (124 and 144 or 324X, 324Y, and 324Z), typically digital micromirror devices, perform reflective color light modulation. In one implementation, light of three or more colors is modulated efficiently with only two modulators so that the component count and cost are low. In another implementation, each of three different colors is modulated with a separate modulator. A beam combiner (104 or 304) combines the digitally modulated beams (136* and 156* or 336X*, 336Y*, and 336Z*) of color light to produce a composite beam (166 or 346) of the different colors. A projection lens device (106) projects the composite color beam.

Abstract: Provided are a laser video projector having a multi-channel acousto-optic modulator, and a method and circuit for driving the laser video projector. The laser video projector includes a light generating portion, an optic modulator, an optic combining portion, and an optic scanning portion. The light generating portion emits light to be used to project a video image. The optic modulator modulates the light incident from the light generating portion by using the video signal. The optic combining portion combines modulated light beams emitted from the optic modulator. The optic scanning portion scans light incident from the optic combining portion on a screen. The optic modulator has six or more optic modulation channels so that a plurality of red light beams, a plurality of green light beams, and a plurality of blue light beams incident in a state suitable for optic modulation are simultaneously modulated. Accordingly, limitations in the performance of an optic modulator and an optic scanner can be overcome.

Abstract: A light source controller includes a light source driver, a light amount sensor, a memory configured to store property information indicating a relationship between the drive current and the outgoing light amount for each level of the environmental temperature of the solid-state light source, and a controller configured to control the drive current supplied from the light source driver. The controller obtains the property information corresponding to the environmental temperature of the solid-state light source according to the relationship between the drive current and the outgoing light amount, and controls the drive current according to the obtained property information so as to bring the outgoing light amount close to a target light amount.

Abstract: Provided are an illumination system, a projection TV employing the illumination system, and a projection method. The illumination system includes: a laser light source which emits a plurality of laser beams including beamlets along different optical axes; and a diffractive optical element which spatially averages the laser beamlets by superimposing the laser beamlets to remove speckles of the laser beamlets and which shapes each of the laser beamlets.

Abstract: An optical projecting system includes a light-splitting unit for splitting composite source light into a plurality of composite light beam components, and a reflective color wheel rotatable about a rotation axis and including a plurality of multi-layer light-reflecting sections for further splitting each of the composite light beam components into a plurality of colored light beam components for subsequent modulation and projection. Each of the multi-layer light-reflecting sections includes a plurality of light-filtering layers stacked along the rotation axis, and each being capable of reflecting light within a predefined distinct wavelength range, and permitting transmission of light outside the predefined distinct wavelength range therethrough. Sequences of the light-filtering layers of an adjacent pair of the multi-layer light-reflecting sections are different from each other.

Abstract: An image producing system (1400) delivers images (1414) having reduced speckle by employing one or more drive circuits (1404, 1405, 1406) that deliver both a direct current drive signal (205) and an alternating current drive signal (405) to one or more lasers (1401, 1402, 1403). Specifically, an alternating current drive circuit (403) is used in conjunction with a direct current drive circuit (203) to modulate a drive signal. The modulation can be at a frequency of between 400 MHz and 600 MHz. When lasers, such as the red laser (1401) or the blue laser (1403) of a multi-laser system are modulated in such a fashion, their emitted spectral widths (407) greatly expand, thereby reducing speckle in projected images (1414).

Abstract: A method to display images using four or more different primaries having different spectral distributions wherein, in the LMS color space, at least two of these primaries have the same L coordinates and the same M coordinates; thank to the invention, different metamers, when being legally displayed, will be not only perceptually indistinguishable to a viewer with normal color vision but also indistinguishable by most of the viewers with non-normal color vision.

Abstract: A scanning projection apparatus for displaying image comprises a light source for generating a light beam, a beam scanner which deflects the light beam to project a two dimensional image field, a modulation means for modulating the intensity of the light beam, and a sensor to detect the scanned light beam. The light source may consist of a plurality of semiconductor lasers and/or solid state lasers to generate light beams with wavelengths of red, green and blue colors aligned into a single light path. The image field is divided into an active image field for displaying image and a dark field in the perimeter of the image field wherein the light beam is switched off to reduce inherent image defects.

Abstract: A projection video display includes a light source including an OPS-laser delivering laser radiation in multiple transverse modes (a multiple-transverse-mode OPS-laser). The display includes a spatial light modulator for spatially modulating the radiation from the multiple-transverse-mode OPS-laser in accordance with a portion of an image to be displayed. Projection optics project the spatially modulated light on a screen on which the image is to be displayed. In one example the OPS-laser is a diode-laser array pumped OPS-laser and is one of three lasers, one delivering red light, one delivering blue light, and the other delivering green light. The lasers are time modulated such that the spatial light modulator receives light from each of the lasers separately. The OPS laser is directly time modulated by periodically turning the diode-laser array on and off.

Abstract: Improved apparatus and methods for displays are disclosed that utilize light concentration array between mechanical light modulators and the viewing surface of the display. The light concentration array includes an array of optical elements that concentrate light on respective ones of the light modulators to maximize the contrast ratio and off axis viewing of the display.

Abstract: A projector includes a plurality of light modulation elements adapted to modulate a plurality of colored light beams based on image data, a combining optical system adapted to combine the modulated colored light beams to emit image light, and a projection optical system adapted to project the image light emitted from the combining optical system on a projection screen. The light modulation elements are disposed with respect to the combining optical system so that long sides of the respective light modulation elements are adjacent to each other. Signal line cable boards adapted to provide the respective light modulation elements with signals, and coupled to short sides of the respective light modulation elements. A scanning direction of writing the image data to the light modulation elements is set to be parallel to a direction of the short side of an image display area in each of the light modulation elements.