Abstract: The image processing device of an embodiment, to which multiple inputted pixels forming an inputted image are inputted in a raster scan order, includes a written pixel position calculating circuit configured to convert the position of each of the inputted pixels to a first pixel position in an outputted image, a read-out pixel position calculating circuit configured to convert the position of an outputted pixel near the first pixel position in the outputted image to a second pixel position in the inputted image, and a pixel interpolating circuit configured to calculate the pixel value of the second pixel position through interpolation with surrounding pixels in the inputted image.

Abstract: Detecting force and touch using FTIR and capacitive location. FTIR determines applied force by the user's finger within infrared transmit lines on a touch device. A pattern of such lines determine optical coupling with the touch device. Capacitive sensing can determine (A) where the finger actually touches, so the touch device more accurately infers applied force; (B) whether finger touches shadow each other; (C) as a baseline for applied force; or (D) whether attenuated reflection is due to a current optical coupling, or is due to an earlier optical coupling, such as a smudge on the cover glass. If there is attenuated reflection without actual touching, the touch device can reset a baseline for applied force for the area in which that smudge remains. Infrared transmitters and receivers are positioned where they are not visible to a user, such as below a frame or mask for the cover glass.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method comprises: extracting a setting from a description file of a virtual pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera used to capture an original image through a wide-angle lens; determining a first set of coordinates of a pixel of the original image for each cell of a sparse conversion map represented as a first look-up table, wherein the sparse conversion map corresponds to a sparse grid of pixels of an output image; determining, via interpolating the first set of coordinates, a second set of coordinates of a pixel of the original image for each cell of a full conversion map, wherein the second set of coordinates is represented as a second look-up table, wherein the full conversion map corresponds to a full grid of pixels of the output image; instructing a display to present the output image, wherein the original image is less rectilinear than the output image.

Abstract: A display apparatus with an image-capturing function includes an outputting unit configured to output an image signal to an external apparatus, an inputting unit configured to input an image signal from the external apparatus, an image-capturing unit, a display unit, an image-capture-distortion corrector configured to perform image-capture-distortion correction on an image signal captured by the image-capturing unit, a display-distortion corrector configured to perform display-distortion correction, and a controller configured to control whether or not the image-capture-distortion corrector is to perform the image-capture-distortion correction, and whether or not the display-distortion corrector is to perform the display-distortion correction.

Abstract: A driving assist apparatus acquires vehicle information which includes a gear state and speed of a vehicle; judges a state of preparing for movement, a state of starting movement, and a state during movement; generates a wide-angle image that is an image that can see a wide range although having distortion when the vehicle state is the state of preparing for movement or the state of starting movement; and generates a no-distortion image that is an image in which the distortion due to the lens shape and the distortion by the projection system are eliminated from the camera image when the vehicle state is the state during movement.

Abstract: A method and a meeting terminal for adjusting meeting place cameras in a remote presentation meeting system are disclosed. The method includes: determining a site to be tested in a meeting place (S202), wherein the site to be tested includes an intersection of the ideal boundary of depth of field of the meeting place and the ideal shooting boundary of the corresponding camera; determining the ideal imaging data of a reference object on the site to be tested (S204); acquiring, by the camera, actual imaging data of the reference object arranged on the site to be tested (S206); comparing the actual imaging data with the ideal imaging data and determining the range of needed adjustment of the camera according to the result of the comparison (S208) so as to make the actual imaging data of the reference object accord with the ideal imaging data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise systems, methods and devices for display-mode-dependent adjustment of image code values.

Abstract: A projector includes a moving unit adapted to move positions of at least six correction points, which are included in a correcting image, a reception unit adapted to receive a designation on a value of a parameter representing linearity, a derivation unit adapted to derive a correspondence relationship of the coordinates between and input image and the correcting image using coordinates of the at least six correction points moved by the moving unit, and the parameter having the value designation of which is received by the reception unit, and a processing unit adapted to perform a correction process on the input image based on the correspondence relationship derived by the derivation unit.

Abstract: A video projector, a cluster of video projectors and a method for wirelessly transmitting image data within the cluster of video projectors. The video projector includes a first antenna located at a first side of the projector and a second antenna located at a second side of the projector, opposite to the first side. Image data is divided into sub-parts, and distributed by assigning each image data sub-part to a video projector. A video projector receiving image data sub-parts extracts and stores the image data sub-part assigned to it, and retransmits image data sub-parts assigned to respectively a second and third video projectors.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise systems, methods and devices for increasing the perceived brightness of an image. In some embodiments this increase compensates for a decrease in display light source illumination.

Abstract: In order to trigger an out of focus alert when the focus level of a video frame meets a focus criteria, a method is performed including the operations of: receiving a video frame, partitioning the video frame into a plurality of blocks, calculating an array of discrete cosign transformation (DCT) coefficients for at least one of the plurality of blocks using a DCT, classifying each of the at least one of the plurality of blocks based on the array of DCT coefficients for that block, calculating a focus level of the video frame from the block classifications, and triggering an out of focus alert if the focus level meets a focus criteria.

Abstract: A projector capable of notifying the user of the fact that the installation angle has been varied when the projector is in operation is provided. The projector includes an angle detector adapted to detect an installation angle of the projector, a keystone distortion correction device adapted to perform a keystone distortion correction of a projection image projected on the projection surface based on the installation angle detected by the angle detector, and a controller adapted to record a variation in the installation angle as installation angle variation information on the storage device in a case in which the angle detector detects the variation when the projector is in operation, and then announce occurrence of the variation in the installation angle in a case in which the installation angle variation information is recorded on the storage device in a power-OFF sequence of the projector.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus executes a distortion correction on coordinates of a target pixel in a virtual viewpoint image based on distortion characteristics of a virtual camera and calculates coordinates in the virtual viewpoint image after the distortion correction. The image process apparatus calculates ideal coordinates in a captured image from the coordinates in the virtual viewpoint image after the distortion correction and calculates real coordinates in the captured image from the ideal coordinates in the captured image based on distortion characteristics of an imaging unit. The image process apparatus calculates a pixel value corresponding to the real coordinates from image data of the virtual viewpoint image and corrects the pixel value corresponding to the real coordinates based on ambient light amount decrease characteristics of the imaging unit and ambient light amount decrease characteristics of the virtual camera.

Abstract: An image signal processing apparatus includes: a color-data generator that generates color data of a correction coordinate point by interpolating color data of pixels in the same color line above and below the correction coordinate point; a first luminance generator that generates first luminance data of the correction coordinate point by interpolating the luminance data of the pixels in the same color line above and below the correction coordinate point; a second luminance generator that generates second luminance data of the correction coordinate point by interpolating the luminance data of the pixels above and below the correction coordinate point; and a complementary-color-data generator that generates the complementary-color data of the correction coordinate point based on the generated color data, the first luminance data, and the second luminance data.

Abstract: A television leveling module determines, using at least one accelerometer module in response to activation of the television leveling module, an angle of orientation relative to horizontal of a television coupled to a horizontal level-adjustable mounting assembly. An indication of the angle of orientation relative to horizontal is displayed on a television display. The display of the indication of the angle of orientation relative to horizontal of the television is iteratively updated in response to detected adjustments of the angle of orientation. This abstract is not to be considered limiting, since other embodiments may deviate from the features described in this abstract.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes: an image information input unit which receives input of first image information; and a sharpness adjustment unit which divides a screen image corresponding to the first image information into a plurality of areas and performs a sharpness adjustment for each of the divided areas to output second image information.

Abstract: An image processor that corrects image signals corresponding to sub-pixels which form one pixel includes: a shift amount storage section that stores shift amounts of display positions of display sub-pixels corresponding to the sub-pixels which form a display pixel with respect to a predetermined reference position within a display image; and an image signal correcting section that corrects image signals corresponding to sub-pixels, which form each pixel of an input image, on the basis of the shift amounts stored in the shift amount storage section. The image signal correcting section corrects image signals in which dummy image signals corresponding to dummy sub-pixels, which are provided outside sub-pixels in an endmost portion of the input image, are added to input image signals of the sub-pixels.

Abstract: A projection display device includes: a projection section having an optical system; a parameter obtaining section adapted to obtain a first parameter corresponding to the projection angle showing a relative posture of the projection display device to the projection surface; a vanishing point calculation section adapted to calculate a position of a vanishing point based on the first parameter; an actual zoom ratio obtaining section adapted to obtain an actual zoom ratio; a parameter calculating section adapted to correct the first parameter based on a fixed reference zoom ratio and the actual zoom ratio to thereby calculate a second parameter; and a keystone correction section adapted to perform a keystone correction of the image based on the fixed reference zoom ratio and the second parameter.

Abstract: A laser projection display and a method of compensating for image distortion of the same stereoscopic liquid crystal display device having a touch panel and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. Herein, the method includes displaying a picture including a red image, a green image, and a blue image, selecting one of the red image, the green image, and the blue image so as to perform pixel alignment of the picture, calculating pixel coordinate values x+dx and y+dy corresponding to the selected image (herein, x represents the x coordinate value prior to alignment, y represents the y coordinate value prior to alignment, dx represents a varied x coordinate value after alignment, and dy represents a varied y coordinate value after alignment), calculating distortion compensation coordinate values X? and Y? corresponding to the pixel coordinate values x+dx and y+dy, and mapping the distortion compensation values X? and Y?, thereby compensating for an image distortion occurring in the selected image.

Abstract: In order to trigger an out of focus alert when the focus level of a video frame meets a focus criteria, a method is performed including the operations of: receiving a video frame, partitioning the video frame into a plurality of blocks, calculating an array of discrete cosine transformation (DCT) coefficients for at least one of the plurality of blocks using a DCT, classifying each of the at least one of the plurality of blocks based on the array of DCT coefficients for that block, calculating a focus level of the video frame from the block classifications, and triggering an out of focus alert if the focus level meets a focus criteria.

Abstract: A forward interpolation approach is disclosed for enabling a second version of an image to be constructed from a first version of the image. According to one implementation, pixels from the first version of the image are mapped to pixels in the second version of the image, and pixel values are determined for the corresponding pixels in the second version of the image. In one implementation, the pixel mapping is performed using a lookup table and linear approximation. Performing the pixel mapping in this manner enables computations to be simplified and cost and gate count to be reduced.

Abstract: A projector includes: capturing section that images an object on which an image is projected to produce a captured image; a projection distance information generating section that generates projection distance information representing a projection distance, which is the distance to the object on which an image is projected; a judging section that judges based on the projection distance information whether the projection distance exceeds a reference value; and a correcting section that performs trapezoidal distortion correction based on boundary lines of the object on which an image is projected contained in the captured image when the projection distance exceeds the reference value, whereas performing trapezoidal distortion correction based on at least coordinate information representing three-dimensional coordinates of the object on which an image is projected when the projection distance does not exceed the reference value.

Abstract: An image processing method executes image processing to correct a non-uniform perceived resolution caused by image distortion correction, thereby achieving a uniform perceived resolution over an entire displayed image. The image processing method includes the step of adjusting an aperture compensation signal using distortion correcting data to correct a non-uniform perceived resolution caused in an image through partial conversion of magnification ratio by image distortion correction, thereby achieving a uniform perceived resolution.

Abstract: A projector adapted to correct a keystone distortion of an image, includes a frame memory adapted to store a pre-correction image, a block data storage memory adapted to store the pre-correction image by block data that composed of M pixels in a first direction and N pixels in a second direction (M, N?2), a correction section adapted to correct the pre-correction image based on the block data stored in the block data storage memory, and a control section adapted to perform control of obtaining the pre-correction image from the frame memory by the block data, and storing the obtained pre-correction image in the block data storage memory, and the control section obtains contiguous n×N (n?2) lines of the image from the frame memory and stores the obtained image in the block data storage memory at the beginning of the correction process.

Abstract: Disclosed is an image correction method of correcting an image including a number of horizontal image scan lines each corresponding to a number of pieces of image data. The method includes the following steps: segmenting each of the horizontal image scan lines into a plurality of segments according to a plurality of nodes, each of the segments having an original segment length; looking up a table to generate at least one correction parameter according to a selection signal; generating a gain value according to a control signal; correcting the original segment length to generate an adjusted segment length according to the gain value and the correction parameter; and altering positions of the plurality of nodes to correct the image according to the adjusted segment length.

Abstract: An optical position of a display device with respect to an optical axis of a projection optical system is displaced in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis in accordance with a change in the size of a projected image. For instance, a transparent flat plate is disposed in front of a projection lens, and the transparent flat plate is tilted in association with a rotation of a zoom adjustment ring. As the transparent flat plate is tilted, the apparent position of the display device relative to the projection lens is displaced in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the projection optical system. Thereby, the projected image on a screen is located at a proper position corresponding to a zoom state. Tilt control of the transparent flat plate is realized by a cam mechanism, for instance.

Abstract: A calibration image including dots and scale points is projected at first and second display surfaces. A location of a scale point may be modified. A location for a registration point is determined and the registration point is added to the calibration image. The projected calibration image is captured. A location of the captured registration point and locations captured scale points are identified. Captured dots that are projected onto the first display surface and their locations are identified. Each of the captured dots identified as being projected onto the first display surface are mapped to a corresponding dot of the calibration image. Dots of the calibration image that are not projected onto the first display surface are identified, locations of each of the identified dots are determined, and a synthetic dot is added to the captured image for each identified dot. The captured image may be provided as input to a process for determining one or more inverse offsets.

Abstract: A projector comprises a projection unit, an image pickup unit, a control unit, and a correction unit. The projection unit is configured to project a video based on a video signal. The image pickup unit is configured to pick up an image of a projection video projected by the projection unit and output the picked-up image. The control unit is configured to determine a projection video projected by the other projector based on the picked-up image received from the image pickup unit. The correction unit is configured to carry out correction of the video signal so that the projection video projected by the projection unit is aligned with the projection video projected by the other projector.

Abstract: In the case where a digital camera is used for evaluating a display quality of an image display panel, moire is generated due to a shift of a pixel pitch between a pixel of a panel and a pixel of a digital camera, and thus, a great influence is given as measurement deviation. The present invention carries out a panel display quality evaluation at low cost and short time with relieved influence of moire by treating a value, which is obtained by recognizing a coordinate of a panel pixel in a shot image based on an image for detecting a coordinate and positional information thereof with high accuracy and by calculating average luminance by panel pixel unit based on a center position of a coordinate, as representative luminance in each pixel of the panel, in a panel evaluation method of shooting an image display panel with a digital camera.

Abstract: A projector includes a projection section which projects a calibration image onto a projection target through a projection panel, a shape determination section which determines a shape of the projection target, a correction target area setting section which sets a correction target area, an aspect ratio calculation section which calculates an aspect ratio of the correction target area, a determination section which determines whether or not a value which indicates a difference between the aspect ratio of the correction target area and a reference aspect ratio satisfies a set condition, and an image generation section which generates an image having the shape of the correction target area on the projection panel when the set condition is satisfied, and generates an image having the reference aspect ratio on the projection panel when the set condition is not satisfied.

Abstract: An image processor that corrects image signals corresponding to sub-pixels which form one pixel includes: a shift amount storage section that stores shift amounts of display positions of display sub-pixels corresponding to the sub-pixels which form a display pixel with respect to a predetermined reference position within a display image; and an image signal correcting section that corrects image signals corresponding to sub-pixels, which form each pixel of an input image, on the basis of the shift amounts stored in the shift amount storage section. The image signal correcting section corrects image signals in which dummy image signals corresponding to dummy sub-pixels, which are provided outside sub-pixels in an endmost portion of the input image, are added to input image signals of the sub-pixels.

Abstract: Briefly, in accordance with one or more embodiments, scanned beam projector may comprise a light source, a scan drive and a scanning platform to project an image onto a projection surface. The scan drive circuit is capable of at least partially correcting distortion in the projected image by varying an amplitude of the scan drive signal to at least partially compensate for the distortion in the projected image.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for providing image-correction function in a projector. The apparatus includes an image-inputting module which receives a photographed image of a surface on which an image is to be projected; an image-analyzing module which analyzes an input state of the surface and calculates a color difference as a correction amount; an image-correcting module which applies the correction amount to the image projected onto the surface; and an image-projecting module which projects the corrected image onto the surface.

Abstract: In the case where a digital camera is used for evaluating a display quality of an image display panel, moire is generated due to a shift of a pixel pitch between a pixel of a panel and a pixel of a digital camera, and thus, a great influence is given as measurement deviation. The present invention carries out a panel display quality evaluation at low cost and short time with relieved influence of moire by treating a value, which is obtained by recognizing a coordinate of a panel pixel in a shot image based on an image for detecting a coordinate and positional information thereof with high accuracy and by calculating average luminance by panel pixel unit based on a center position of a coordinate, as representative luminance in each pixel of the panel, in a panel evaluation method of shooting an image display panel with a digital camera.

Abstract: In at least one embodiment, a projector comprises a projection unit configured to project a video based on a video signal. An image pickup unit is configured to pick up an image of a projection video projected by the projection unit and output the picked-up image. A control unit is configured to determine a projection video projected by an other projector based on the picked-up image received from the image pickup unit. A keystone correction unit is configured to carry out keystone correction of the video signal so that the projection video projected by the projection unit is aligned with the projection video projected by the other projector.

Abstract: There are provided a write light valve for generating image-writing light by modulating write light, a driver for writing images into the write light valve based on image data, read light valves for each color for generating respective color image lights by modulating each received color illumination light, an imaging lens group for guiding the image-writing light emitted from the write light valve to the respective read light valves, a dichroic cube for combining together color image lights emitted from the respective read light valves, a projection lens for projecting each color image light combined together. The imaging lens group has a distortion aberration which reduces or cancels out a distortion aberration of the projection lens.

Abstract: A method of calibrating a projection system is disclosed. The method includes determining a location of at least one hotspot on a screen within the projection system, initiating a calibration sequence of the projection system and ignoring the at least one hotspot during the calibration sequence of the projection system.

Abstract: A projector includes a projection section which projects a calibration image onto a projection target through a projection panel, a shape determination section which determines a shape of the projection target, a correction target area setting section which sets a correction target area, an aspect ratio calculation section which calculates an aspect ratio of the correction target area, a determination section which determines whether or not a value which indicates a difference between the aspect ratio of the correction target area and a reference aspect ratio satisfies a set condition, and an image generation section which generates an image having the shape of the correction target area on the projection panel when the set condition is satisfied, and generates an image having the reference aspect ratio on the projection panel when the set condition is not satisfied.

Abstract: There is provided a light source unit which includes a luminescent light source which receives excitation light so as to emit light of a predetermined wavelength band, excitation light sources which shine excitation light on to the luminescent light source, a reflection space having the luminescent light source in an interior thereof and an emission space which emits luminescent light source light emitted from the reflection space from an emission port whose area is made smaller than the area of the luminescent light source and a projector which employs the light source unit.

Abstract: An image projecting apparatus enables the formation of a projected image faithful to original image information by reducing degradation in the projected image due to decrease in imaging performance of a projection optical system. Image information is processed by an image processing device, which includes a first and a second image processor. A light modulating device modulates a flux of light emitted by an illumination optical system based on the processed image information. The modulated flux of light is projected on a screen by a projection optical system. If the image information processed by the first image processor in a pixel region is not within a representable modulation range of the light modulating device, the image information is processed by the second image processor.

Abstract: A projection image display device including a display plane for displaying an image, a projection mechanism projecting an image on the display plane, and an imaging mechanism arranged on the same side of the display plane as the projection mechanism for imaging the display plane. The imaging mechanism is arranged at a position where a position symmetric with respect to the display plane of the projection mechanism is out of the range of the field angle of the imaging mechanism. By arranging the imaging mechanism at a position where no direct reflecting light of the light source of the projection mechanism comes, it is possible to prevent generation of a hot spot.

Abstract: An automatic angle-adjustable display device and an angle-adjustable method are provided. The automatic angle-adjustable display device includes a screen, three wireless transmitting and receiving sensors, an angle adjustment mechanism and a control unit. The wireless transmitting and receiving sensors are respectively disposed at first, second and third positions of the screen. In response to a control signal issued from the control unit, the angle adjustment mechanism is driven to adjust the viewing angle of the screen with respect to the viewer. The angle-adjustable method includes steps of triggering the wireless transmitting and receiving sensors to emit these wireless signals, measuring first, second and third distances between the first, second and third positions of the screen and the viewer according to the reflected wireless signals, and adjusting the viewing angle of the screen with respect to the viewer according to these distance differences.

Abstract: We describe a device and an associated method that includes an EHT signal processing module to generate a compensated gain signal responsive to a first EHT signal. A field fly-back processing module generates a first correcting signal responsive to a first VFB signal. A horizontal scanning correction module generates a predistortion signal responsive to the compensated gain signal. A first digital to analog conversion module converts the predistortion signal into a corresponding analog predistortion signal. A field scanning correction module generates a correcting wave responsive to the compensated gain signal and the first correcting signal. A pulse width modulated module generates a modulated correcting wave by pulse width modulating the correcting wave. A power amplification module generates an amplified modulated correcting wave by amplifying the modulated correcting wave. And a cathode ray tube displays an image responsive to the analog predistortion signal and the amplified modulated correcting wave.

Abstract: A display image correcting device including, retaining section configured to retain reference correction amount data for correcting nonuniformity as a predetermined factor of an image displayed on a basis of a video signal, the reference correction amount data representing an amount of correction at a predetermined horizontal and vertical position of the image, the amount of correction being obtained in correspondence with a video signal level as a reference, and correcting section configured to perform correction processing on the video signal in correspondence with a horizontal direction and a vertical direction of the image, and a brightness direction, and performing the correction processing on a basis of three-dimensional correction amount data obtained by making two-dimensional correction amount data corresponding to a horizontal and vertical position, the two-dimensional correction amount data being obtained on a basis of the reference correction amount data, linearly proportional or nonlinearly propor

Abstract: An image forming method and a charged particle beam apparatus suitable for suppressing the inclination of charging when scanning a two-dimensional area with a charged particle beam. A third scanning line located between a first scanning line and a second scanning line is scanned. After the first, second and third scanning lines have been scanned, a plurality of scanning lines are scanned between the first and third scanning lines and between the second and third scanning lines.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for display image adjustment is described. More particularly, handles associated with polygon vertices of a polygon rendered image are provided as a graphical user interface (GUI). These handles may be selected and moved by a user with a cursor pointing device to adjust a displayed image for keystoning, among other types of distortion. This GUI allows a user to adjust a projected image for position of a projector with respect to imaging surface, as well as for imaging surface contour, where such contour may be at least substantially planar, cylindrical, or spherical and where such contour may comprise multiple imaging surfaces. This advantageously may be done without special optics or special equipment. An original image is used as texture for rendering polygons, where the image is applied to the rendered polygons.

Abstract: A scanning camera with a rotating drum has one or more sensors characterized by a non-radial optical axis. With two sensors on opposite sides of the drum and facing in substantially the same direction, stereoscopic recording of a panorama is accomplished as the drum rotates. The adjustment of convergence between stereoscopic viewpoints is described that improves the viewing and interpretation of stereoscopic images. Rapid rotation of the scanning camera produces panoramic motion picture recording, with the final frame speed dependent on the sensitivity and speed of the sensor, the resolution desired, and the capabilities of the recording device. The preferred embodiment employs rotating fisheye lenses for a substantially full-sphere field of view. Additional sensors in the same arrangement are used to increase resolution and light sensitivity through multiplexed or additive recording of the image data.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention comprise systems and methods for selecting a display source light illumination level based on distortion parameters.

Abstract: Captured images taken by cameras are corrected in accordance with characteristics of the lens system of the cameras to produce corrected images. A pixel position detector then obtains the pixel position of the object on each corrected image. With reference to calibration tables, each of which correlates one of a pixel position on a coordinate system of each corrected image and information having a predetermined relation to the pixel position with information specifying a direction and a position of incident light traveling to the pixel position, the direction and the position of the incident light are obtained. Based on the direction and the position of the incident light, the distance to the object OB can be calculated.

Abstract: A method for evaluating a color picture tube includes displaying on a display surface of a color picture tube a measurement pattern including a plurality of first patterns arranged at different positions relative to fluophor dots of said color picture tube and a plurality of second patterns near said first patterns and sufficiently large relative to said fluophor dots. A first image is obtained using an imaging element to image said displayed measurement pattern. A second image is obtained using said imaging element to image while controlling light intake to allow brightness components of no more than about 1% of maximum luminance from said first image to be separated from noise and imaged. A third image is created by combining said first image and said second image while adjusting scales according to a light intake ratio. From said third image, display center positions of said plurality of first patterns is calculated using said second pattern positions.