Abstract: In certain embodiments, an illuminating endoprobe system includes one or more light sources, a housing, a vitreous visualization fiber, and a general illumination fiber. The light sources generate a visualization light and an illumination light. The housing receives the visualization and illumination light, and has a probe tip with a probe axis. The vitreous visualization fiber transmits the visualization light through the probe tip. The visualization light has a visualization axis and a visualization beam angle at the probe tip. The general illumination fiber transmits the illumination light through the probe tip. The illumination light has an illumination axis and an illumination beam angle at the probe tip. The illumination beam angle is greater than the visualization beam angle, and the illumination axis is at an offset angle relative to the visualization axis, where the offset angle greater than 5 degrees.

Abstract: A first light source producing a first light beam with a first intensity and a second light source producing a second light beam with a second intensity. A light filter device receives the first light beam and transmits a filtered portion of the first light beam. A first angling device reflects the filtered portion of the first light beam in a first angled direction and a second angling device reflects the second light beam in a second angled direction. A mirror receives and in turn reflects the filtered portion of the first light beam reflected by the first angling device and the second light beam reflected by the second angling device to form a converged light beam with a third intensity.

Abstract: This patent application discloses the use of specialized optical filters or similarly functional devices to improve the utility of Night Vision Devices (NVD) by placing these specialized filters in the internal optics train of the eyepiece such that the undesirable illumination of the user's face is reduced while at the same time maintaining the peripheral vision of the user and concomitantly reducing the dark adaptation time of the user when transitioning from the NVD to the unaided eye.

Abstract: A speculum includes a body portion of generally cylindrical shape having a distal end for insertion into a body cavity, and a proximal end from which internal body tissues may be examined. A handle extends laterally from the proximal end of the speculum body. A light source providing broad spectrum white light may be supported within the handle. A light channel extends along and through the speculum body to direct light from the light source in the handle toward the distal end of the speculum body in order to illuminate the body cavity. One or more color filters are selectively disposed between the light source and the light channel to selectively illuminate the body cavity with light of a corresponding color spectrum.

Abstract: A device for examining an eye of a subject including a camera detachably mounted on a camera mounting unit. The camera includes an illuminating source, which generates illuminating radiation for irradiating the eye thereby enabling the camera to generate a plurality of images of the eye. The device also includes a first lens assembly detachably mounted on an adjustable lens holder and selected to focus the illuminating radiation towards the eye as well as focusing radiation reflected from the eye towards an entrance pupil of the camera. An extendible support arm supports the camera and the adjustable lens holder at a first distance between the camera and the first lens assembly. Subsequent to adjusting the first distance to correspond to a diopter value of the selected first lens assembly, the illuminating source irradiates the eye and subsequent thereto the camera generates the plurality of images of the eye.

Abstract: A macular health measurement and storage system comprises a plurality of macular-pigment measurement machine for measuring macular pigment density in humans, a plurality of computers each of which is associated with a corresponding one the macular-pigment measuring machines, and a central host. The plurality of macular-pigment measurement machines include a device for receiving macular pigment data from a patient, at least one data transfer port, and at least one processor that enables the transfer of the macular pigment data from the transfer port. The plurality of computers include a first port coupled to the data transfer port of the corresponding macular-pigment measurement machine for receiving the macular pigment data. Each of the computers includes a second port for transferring patient data. The central host is coupled to the second ports on each of the plurality of computers. The central host includes a storage device for storing the patient data.

Abstract: In a photographing optical system, an autofluorescence barrier filter having a characteristic of transmitting a light having an autofluorescence wavelength and a near-infrared wavelength, and a near-infrared light cut-off filter having a characteristic of transmitting the visible light and blocking the near-infrared light are disposed to be replaceable. In the case of observing a fundus, the fluorescence barrier filter is inserted into an optical path in an observation photographing optical system, so that observation can be performed by using a near-infrared illuminating light. In the case of autofluorescence photographing, the photographing can be performed without filter switching. In the case of color photographing, at the time of observation, the observation is performed using the fluorescence barrier filter, and at the time of photographing, the photographing can be performed using the replaced infrared light cut-off filter.

Abstract: An ophthalmology microscopy system for observing fluorescence comprises an imaging system and an illumination system. The imaging system provides at least one optical imaging path producing a magnified multi-dimensional image of an object disposable in a focal plane of the imaging system, and comprises at least one optical observation filter. The illumination system provides an illumination beam path intersecting the focal plane of the imaging system at a variable angle of less than 90°. The microscopy system comprises first and second operating states. In the first operating state, radiation passing through the illumination beam path has at least in a section along the illumination beam path a spectrum free of a pass band of the observation filter. In the second operating state, radiation passing through the illumination beam path has a spectrum having a bandwidth of at least 200 nm in a range from 380 nm to 780 nm.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system and device for observation of an eye (E) comprising a light source (LSo) for illuminating the eye. Further, the system includes a diffraction grating as an optical relay (OR) for receiving the light reflected from the eye and for deflecting it towards a light sensor (LSe). The incident light ray (r inc) intersects the optical relay at an incidence angle (alphajnc) with the normal (n_OR) to the optical relay in an incidence plane (Pl_inc) formed by the incident light ray (r_inc) and the normal (n_OR). The deflected light ray (r def) forms a deflection angle (alpha def) with the normal (n_OR) in a deflection plane (Pl def) formed by the deflected light ray (r_def) and the normal (n_OR). The optical relay is positioned such that the incidence and the deflection angle and/or the incidence plane and the deflection plane are different from each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the retinal auto-fluorescence of a subject retina includes an excitation light source for providing an excitation light at a wavelength of at least 450 nm and an image capture device for recording an ocular auto-fluorescence signal generated in response to the excitation light. The image capture device includes a filter for reducing background non-signal wavelengths from the ocular auto-fluorescence signal and an image intensifier for increasing the ocular auto-fluorescence signal strength. The method and apparatus may further include a processor that analyzes the ocular auto-fluorescence signal to determine a contrast change or pattern to thereby detect retinal disease or damage. The processor may compare the images with control images, past images of the same eye or other diagnostic modalities such as fundus photography, angiography, or visual field testing to detect the retinal disease or damage.

Abstract: For processing eye tissue (8) by means of femtosecond laser pulses, an ophthalmological device (1) includes a projection optical unit (2) for the focused projection of the femtosecond laser pulses into the eye tissue (8). Disposed upstream of the projection optical unit (2) is a first beam-deflecting scanner system (3) for scanning the eye tissue (8) with the femtosecond laser pulses along a processing line. A second beam-deflecting scanner system (5) is disposed upstream of the first scanner system (3) and is designed for scanning the eye tissue (8) with the femtosecond laser pulses in a scanning movement superimposed on the processing line and running in a deflection plane. The second scanner system (5) has a scanner speed that is a multiple of the scanning speed of the first scanner system (3). A rotation system is provided for aligning the deflection plane with a defined angle with respect to the processing line.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing the anatomy of a patient's eye with circular or rotated polarized laser beams, or with laser beams of different wavelengths are disclosed. One system includes a polarization beam-splitter and a quarter-wave plate, wherein the quarter-wave plate is configured to circularly rotate a laser beam received from a laser that is transmitted and passes through the polarization beam-splitter, and to transform a circularly rotated back-reflected beam to a linearly polarized laser beam that is perpendicular to the beam that was transmitted through the polarization beam-splitter. Substantially all of the back-reflected beam is directed to a photo-detector for analysis. A Faraday rotator subsystem may be substituted for a polarization beam-splitter. An optical system including a laser that generates a laser beam of a first wavelength for therapeutic treatment, and another laser that generates a laser beam of a second wavelength for measurement is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes an illumination unit to illuminate an ocular fundus of a subject's eye, an autofluorescent exciter filter insertable into and retractable from an illumination optical path of the illumination unit, an observation and photographing unit to receive reflection light from the ocular fundus illuminated by the illumination unit and form an ocular fundus image, an autofluorescent barrier filter insertable into and retractable from an observation and photographing optical path, an image capturing unit to capture an ocular fundus image, and a calculation unit to calculate image data, wherein the calculation unit converts the ocular fundus image which is illuminated using the autofluorescent exciter filter and captured by a color image capturing unit as a color image, in a state that no autofluorescent barrier filter is inserted into the observation and photographing unit, into a monochromatic image from specific color data of each of the pixels.

Abstract: An adaptor adapts an SLR camera for use as an ophthalmic viewing and imaging device. The adaptor is mounted to the camera between the camera body and the camera lens, and includes optical components arranged to direct illumination of the interior of the eye. The adaptor includes a first light source configured to provide a maximum level of illumination that is sufficient to identify structures of interest within an interior of an eye. The adaptor directs light from a second, external source to provide a level of illumination sufficient to obtain a fundus image. Optical components within the adaptor define a first optical pathway for directing light from the first light source to the lens, a second optical pathway for directing light from the second light source to the camera lens, and a third optical pathway for directing light from the camera lens through the adaptor to the camera.

Abstract: An optical device for measuring the transmission and diffusion of a tissue of the front segment of an eye, includes: a light source; an optical collimation system for directing the collimated light beam towards a tissue of the front segment of an eye to be characterized; an optical mire placed on the optical path between the optical collimation system and the tissue; an optical imaging system capable of receiving a light beam transmitted by the mire and the tissue and capable of forming an image of the mire on an image detector; and an image processing system capable of calculating a modulation transfer function for the tissue from an image of the mire through the ocular medium. The optical mire includes a set of alternately light and dark angular sectors radially distributed from a central point. Different image processing methods for extracting a function representing the transmission and diffusion characteristics of the tissue are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a fundus camera objective for recording an eye fundus. The invention further relates to a camera (30) having a fundus camera objective (20). Moreover, the invention relates to a ring light (18) that is connected to the fundus camera objective (20) or a camera (30) and serves the purpose of illuminating the eye (4) surroundings. The fundus camera objective (20) can be connected to a general analog or digital camera (30), it being possible to replace individual components and thus to adapt easily to more modern cameras or other intended uses. The fundus camera objective for recording an eye fundus comprises an objective (22), a tube (19) and an ocular (28), the fundus camera objective (20) having a fundus camera objective connection unit (31) on the camera side and being capable of coupling to a camera (30) via the fundus camera objective connection unit (31).

Abstract: The multi-aperture system of the present invention provides a retinal oximetry apparatus for determining the level of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels using a lenslet array comprising at least seven lenses for the simultaneous measurement of reflected light with at least three wavelengths and at least four polarization states. The multi-aperture system of the present invention further provides an apparatus for determining the level of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels using a lenslet array comprising at least ten lenses for the simultaneous measurement of reflected light with at least three wavelengths for oxygen measurement, at least three wavelengths for melanin content, and at least four polarization states. Methods of operating the same are also provided.

Abstract: Methods and systems for obtaining an ocular aberration measurement of an eye of a patient are provided. Exemplary techniques involve obtaining a first induced metric for the eye that corresponds to a first accommodation state of the eye, obtaining a second induced metric for the eye that corresponds to a second accommodation state of the eye, and determining a natural metric of the eye based on the first and second induced metrics. An induced metric may include a pupil size or a spherical aberration. Techniques can also include determining a target metric for the eye base on the natural metric, determining whether an actual metric of the eye meets the target metric, obtaining an ocular aberration measurement of the eye if the actual metric meets the target metric, and determining a treatment for the eye based on the ocular aberration measurement.

Abstract: An ophthalmic endoilluminator is provided. The ophthalmic endoilluminator includes one or more white light emitting diodes (LEDs), an additional light source, a first optical assembly, an optical coupling element, and an optical fiber optically coupled to the optical coupling element. The white LED is capped with a phosphor layer. The additional light source illuminates at least a portion of an exterior surface of the phosphor layer within an absorption band of phosphor material of the phosphor layer in order to excite the phosphor layer and produce additional white light. The first optical assembly receives and substantially collimates the white light. The optical coupling element receives the substantially collimated white light from the first optical assembly and directs the light to an optical fiber. The optical fiber is then used to conduct the white light into an eye.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, an ophthalmic endoilluminator includes at least one pump light source and a scintillator fiber optically coupled to the pump light source. The scintillator fiber receives an output of the pump light source and produces light in a different wavelength range than the output of the pump light source. An optical coupling element couples the light to an optical fiber, which conducts the light into an eye.

Abstract: Disclosed is an exemplary wavelength converting illumination probe having an illumination probe that can be selectively connected to a light source configured to generate light at a first wavelength range. The illumination probe including a lumen defining an aperture in a distal end of the illumination probe for emitting light. The wavelength converting illumination probe further including a wavelength converting element disposed within the lumen of the illumination probe. The wavelength converting element operable for receiving light from the light source at the first wavelength range, and converting the light to a second wavelength range.

Abstract: A system includes a mirror having an axis extending through a central portion thereof, and a portion of the mirror being configured to repeatedly oscillate between a first position and a second position around the axis, so as to record a field of up to 200 degrees of a portion of the central and peripheral retina, a first scanner configured to use a spectral domain optical coherence tomography system to obtain a non-contact wide angle optical coherence tomography-image of the portion of the central and peripheral retina, and a second scanner configured to obtain an image of the retina, wherein the mirror is configured to oscillate so as to move the focal point of the mirror from one side of a pupil to another side, thereby permitting scanning light inside the eye to cover a predetermined peripheral field, thus creating a two dimensional or three dimensional image of the field.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus and filters are provided for accurately imaging, assessing and measuring a patient's macular pigment. A multi-band filter is employed in combination with a color digital fundus camera to provide a method that operates with a single imaging exposure. The multiband filter has bandpass regions within spectral ranges of the red, green and blue detectors of the CCD array employed within the fundus camera, the bandpass regions being sufficiently sharply defined so as to avoid regions where the CCD detector responses spectrally overlap. This provides three discrete channels of grayscale data corresponding to the bandpass regions of the multiband filter, which can be used to calculate macular pigment topographically. Methods are also disclosed for calculating the optical density of the macular pigment and advantageously displaying the resulting data.

Abstract: A phase diversity wavefront sensor includes an optical system including at least one optical element for receiving a light beam; a diffractive optical element having a diffractive pattern defining a filter function, the diffractive optical element being arranged to produce, in conjunction with the optical system, images from the light beam associated with at least two diffraction orders; and a detector for detecting the images and outputting image data corresponding to the detected images. In one embodiment, the optical system, diffractive optical element, and detector are arranged to provide telecentric, pupil plane images of the light beam. A processor receives the image data from the detector, and executes a Gerchberg-Saxton phase retrieval algorithm to measure the wavefront of the light beam.

Abstract: A fundus camera includes an illumination unit to illuminate an ocular fundus of a subject's eye, an autofluorescent exciter filter insertable into and retractable from an illumination optical path of the illumination unit, an observation and photographing unit to receive reflection light from the ocular fundus illuminated by the illumination unit and form an ocular fundus image, an autofluorescent barrier filter insertable into and retractable from an observation and photographing optical path, an image capturing unit to capture an ocular fundus image, and a calculation unit to calculate image data, wherein the calculation unit converts the ocular fundus image which is illuminated using the autofluorescent exciter filter and captured by a color image capturing unit as a color image, in a state that no autofluorescent barrier filter is inserted into the observation and photographing unit, into a monochromatic image from specific color data of each of the pixels.

Abstract: The multi-aperture system of the present invention provides a retinal oximetry apparatus for determining the level of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels using a lenslet array comprising at least seven lenses for the simultaneous measurement of reflected light with at least three wavelengths and at least four polarization states. The multi-aperture system of the present invention further provides an apparatus for determining the level of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels using a lenslet array comprising at least ten lenses for the simultaneous measurement of reflected light with at least three wavelengths for oxygen measurement, at least three wavelengths for melanin content, and at least four polarization states. Methods of operating the same are also provided.

Abstract: An ophthalmic imaging system includes a light source, focusing optics, compensating optics, and a computer that coordinates both of the optics to optimize the Diffraction Limited Point Spread Function (DL-PSF) of the imaging light beam. In detail, the compensating optics includes a customized phase plate that provides substantially complete compensation for static aberrations introduced by an eye into the imaging light beam. Further, the computer measures an operational error signal that results from dynamic aberrations. The computer then uses the error signal to control the compensating optics and thereby optimize the DL-PSF by compensating for both static and dynamic aberrations. For an alternate embodiment, an active mirror can be included in the compensating optics to provide additional compensation for the dynamic aberrations.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus and a method for the contactless observation, examination, treatment, and/or diagnosis of an eye. The apparatus is structurally based on a fundus camera or an ophthalmoscope. An illumination beam path extends from a first illumination source to the eye and is fitted with a perforated mirror and imaging optics, and an observation beam path extends from the eye to a detector via the imaging optics and through the perforated mirror. The arrangement additionally comprises a beam path for scanning illumination which extends from a second illumination source to the eye and is fitted with a scanning unit, a lens, and a beam splitter in addition to the imaging optics. The scanning unit that is arranged in the beam path for scanning illumination is designed as (an) electrostatically or/and galvanometrically driven bidirectional or unidirectional tilting mirror(s).

Abstract: A method for optical detection of lipofuscin concentrations in the retina is described. A subject's eye is exposed to a light source. Light emitted from the subject's eye is detected. Levels of lipofuscin are determined from the emitted light. A system for optical detection of lipofuscin in the retina is described. The system includes a light source to generate light. The system includes an optical detector in optical communication with the light source. The optical detector is configured to detect light emitted from a subject's eye. A computing device in electronic communication with the optical detector is included in the system to determine levels of lipofuscin from the emitted light.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for separately detecting and measuring specularly reflected light and diffusely reflected light following illumination of an eye by light. The apparatus and method of the present invention facilitates substantial separation of the diffusely reflected light from light specularly reflected from the eye after passing through one or more elements of the eye, for example, the cornea, lens, retinal vasculature, the nerve fibre layer and/or the photoreceptors. The collection of these separate streams of independent optical signals to appropriate detection systems provides specificity and accuracy in determination of optical properties of one or more elements of the eye.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for separately detecting and measuring specularly reflected light and diffusely reflected light following illumination of an eye by light. The apparatus and method of the present invention facilitates substantial separation of the diffusely reflected light from light specularly reflected from the eye after passing through one or more elements of the eye, for example, the cornea, lens, retinal vasculature, the nerve fibre layer and/or the photoreceptors. The collection of these separate streams of independent optical signals to appropriate detection systems provides specificity and accuracy in determination of optical properties of one or more elements of the eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic illumination filter selection mechanism for use with an ophthalmic illumination system. Three filters are mounted in holders on a first shaft and rotatable into an optical light path determined by the ophthalmic illumination system. Each of three cams mounted on a second shaft is configured to move a holder on the first shaft to position the corresponding filter in the optical light path in a predefined sequence relative to the other filters as the second shaft is rotated in a forward direction. Each cam has a backlash that allows the second shaft to be rotated in a reverse direction for a predetermined radial distance to allow a last remaining filter to be removed from the optical light path. Each cam has a cam profile that ensures one filter remains in the optical light path until the next filter is driven into the optical light path when the second shaft is rotated in the forward direction. This mechanism occupies less space than conventional filter selection mechanisms.

Abstract: A stimulus light from a stimulus light source is projected to the retina of an ocular fundus under examination to stimulate the retina in localized fashion to generate a bioelectric signal from the retina. The stimulus light source is mounted on a movable block, and an operating lever is used to move the stimulus light source to change the stimulus light on the retina. The size of the stimulus light can also be varied using a panel having a plurality of openings with different diameters for allowing the stimulus light to pass through. This assures a reliable local ERG examination because the bioelectrical signal can be produced in a wider area of the retina. The operating lever is further fixed by inserting a cap to keep the projected stimulus light unchanged. This allows the burden on the examiner to be reduced remarkably, assuring a reliable local ERG examination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for accurately imaging, assessing and measuring a patient's macular pigment. A multiband filter is employed in combination with a color digital fundus camera to provide a method that operates with a single imaging exposure. The multiband filter has bandpass regions within spectral ranges of the red, green and blue detectors of the CCD array employed within the fundus camera, the bandpass regions being sufficiently sharply defined so as to avoid regions where the CCD detector responses spectrally overlap. This provides three discrete channels of grayscale data corresponding to the bandpass regions of the multiband filter, which can be used to calculate macular pigment topographically. Methods are also disclosed for calculating the optical density of the macular pigment and advantageously displaying the resulting data.

Abstract: Imaging apparatus and filters are provided for accurately imaging, assessing and measuring a patient's macular pigment. A multi-band filter is employed in combination with a color digital fundus camera to provide a method that operates with a single imaging exposure. The multiband filter has bandpass regions within spectral ranges of the red, green and blue detectors of the CCD array employed within the fundus camera, the bandpass regions being sufficiently sharply defined so as to avoid regions where the CCD detector responses spectrally overlap. This provides three discrete channels of grayscale data corresponding to the bandpass regions of the multiband filter, which can be used to calculate macular pigment topographically. Methods are also disclosed for calculating the optical density of the macular pigment and advantageously displaying the resulting data.

Abstract: A homogeneously illuminating ophthalmic instrument includes an illumination device having a source of illumination, a homogenizing unit and a projection device, at least one organic or inorganic source of radiation with spectrally selective emission being used as a source of illumination. The illumination generated in this way enables correspondingly adapted visual and/or digital observation, recording or display of the examined regions of the eye by a visualizing unit.

Abstract: A method for optical detection of lipofuscin concentrations in the retina is described. A subject's eye is exposed to a light source. Light emitted from the subject's eye is detected. Levels of lipofuscin are determined from the emitted light. A system for optical detection of lipofuscin in the retina is described. The system includes a light source to generate light. The system includes an optical detector in optical communication with the light source. The optical detector is configured to detect light emitted from a subject's eye. A computing device in electronic communication with the optical detector is included in the system to determine levels of lipofuscin from the emitted light.

Abstract: An iris imaging lens (1A) comprises a biconvex spherical lens (2A), a biconcave spherical lens (3A), and a visible light cut filter (4A), and at least one surface of the visible light cut filter (4A) is formed as a curved surface. In this configuration, the visible light cut filter (4A) serves as a lens, so that aberration is corrected not only by the biconvex spherical lens (2A) and biconcave spherical lens (3A) but also by the visible light cut filter (4A). As a result, aberration can be reduced to improve the lens performance without increasing the number of imaging lenses, and the increase in the cost of manufacturing can be limited.

Abstract: A system and method are presented for use in imaging the patient's retina. A light source unit is provided including a light emitting diode (LED) arrangement comprising multiple LEDs of different wavelength ranges. A light guide arrangement is used with the LEDs arrangement and is configured for coupling light from the LEDs and providing output light beams of a desired shape. The illuminating light is directed towards a region on the retina, and light returned from the illuminated region is collected and directed to an image detector unit. The invention enables the use of LED light at high intensity as required in the eye retina imaging, while maintaining the required high-quality imaging. Also, the invention provides for simultaneous or quasi-simultaneous as well as high-speed imaging in FA and ICG imaging procedures, thereby satisfying a long felt need in ophthalmology.

Abstract: The invention relates to an illumination system comprising at least one beam path with means for simultaneously illuminating the test object within at least one reference wavelength range and at least one data wavelength range, each of which is coordinated with one respective color channel of an imaging recording system. The at least one data wavelength range is used for detecting a medically relevant piece of information while the at least one reference wavelength range is at least nearly invariant in relation to said medically relevant piece of information. The inventive method combines the image values of evaluation windows or individual pixels of simultaneously recorded images into secondary images and image sequences while generating location-resolved dynamic characteristic values which are combined into function images.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring the retinal auto-fluorescence of a subject retina includes an excitation light source for providing an excitation light at a wavelength of at least 450 nm and an image capture device for recording an ocular auto-fluorescence signal generated in response to the excitation light. The image capture device includes a filter for reducing background non-signal wavelengths from the ocular auto-fluorescence signal and an image intensifier for increasing the ocular auto-fluorescence signal strength. The method and apparatus may further include a processor that analyzes the ocular auto-fluorescence signal to determine a contrast change or pattern to thereby detect retinal disease or damage. The processor may compare the images with control images, past images of the same eye or other diagnostic modalities such as fundus photography, angiography, or visual field testing to detect the retinal disease or damage.

Abstract: A confocal color opthalmoscope having a line-shaped, incoherent light source. The light emitted from the linear light source is focused and scanned to illuminate a region of a retina of an eye with a line oriented perpendicular to the direction of scan. Light reflected from the retina of eye is collected, descanned and focused onto a line shaped detector. A dispersive element may be used to illuminate a multi-slit plate with different spectral components. The retina may then be scanned with multiple slits, each having a different spectral makeup. Light reflected from the retina may be descanned and imaged back to a multiple linear array photo-detector. One of said slits may be illuminated with infra-red radiation, and the others with visible light. A filter may allow only the infra-red light to reach the retina during an initial alignment mode, allowing non-mydriatic alignment of the opthalmoscope.

Abstract: A device for measuring the three-dimensional movements of an eye includes: (a) a mark array that identifies prescribed positions on the eye whose movements are to be measured, (b) a digital camera for capturing the two-dimensional images of this marker array as the eye is moved, (c) a light source that illuminates the marker array with an output that is outside the spectral range of the camera, (d) light source that are used to align the camera's optical axis with the center of the eye, (e) an algorithm for computing the three-dimensional positions of the marker array from the information contained in the captured digital images , and (f) a base for fixing the position of the camera relative to the position of the eye, wherein the materials of the marker array are chosen so that the array has the ability to, when illuminated as described above, give off energy that is in the spectral range of the device's camera.

Abstract: A system and method allow for inducing and measuring a consensual pupillary response of a subject. The system includes an induction device and a measuring device, the induction device being structured to generate at least one stimuli and to expose a primary eye of the subject to the stimuli. The measuring device of the system includes a monitoring mechanism structured to allow a consensual pupillary response to be detected, and an analysis mechanism to interpret the detected consensual pupillary response. The measuring device may also include a recording device and a display device, to allow recording and displaying of the detected consensual pupillary response, respectively. The method includes exposing the primary eye of the subject to the stimuli, monitoring and detecting the consensual pupillary response in the secondary eye of the subject, and analyzing the detected consensual pupillary response. The method may also include recording and displaying the detected consensual pupillary response.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in measuring the density and spatial distribution of macular pigment in an eye comprises a camera (4) for capturing a color image of an eye, at least one filter (36) for filtering light reaching the camera (preferably by filtering the light illuminating the eye). The filter (36) has a transmission spectrum with one peak in the region of light absorbed by the pigment and another peak in a region where no such absorption occurs. The filter increases the sensitivity of the camera to macular pigment while enabling the effect of other pigments to be reduced or eliminated. A method of measuring macular pigment involves obtaining a color image of an eye, the image having two color components each having a spectrum having a respective one of said peaks.

Abstract: A variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator for use in an ophthalmic endoilluminator is disclosed. The attenuator includes a wedge attached to an axle. The size of the wedge can be adjusted over a variable angle as measured through an arc of the wedge. The axle to which the wedge is attached rotates such that the wedge rotates around a pivot defined by the axle. The variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator is located such that it affects the intensity of a light beam transmitted into an eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic endoilluminator has a light source, a collimating lens for collimating the light produced by the light source, a filter for filtering the collimated light, an attenuator for attenuating the filtered light, a hybrid condensing lens for focusing the attenuated light, and an optical fiber for carrying the focused light into an eye. A diffractive surface on the hybrid condensing lens compensates for the other refractive surfaces.

Abstract: An ophthalmic photography apparatus is provided in which focus and alignment can be adjusted over the whole period of infrared light-excited fluorescence photography. During alignment and focus adjustments, the brightness of index light sources used for such adjustments is increased. When the shutter is operated, the brightness of the index light sources is decreased, dimming the indexes. When the automatic gain control of the imaging device functions in the later phase of the photography, the brightness of the indexes is gradually increased. In the first part of the photography period, the indexes are dimmed to prevent the images thereof from showing up on the recording images, and are brightened in the later stages to make the indexes easier to see.

Abstract: A variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator for use in an ophthalmic endoilluminator is disclosed. The attenuator includes a wedge attached to an axle. The size of the wedge can be adjusted over a variable angle as measured through an arc of the wedge. The axle to which the wedge is attached rotates such that the wedge rotates around a pivot defined by the axle. The variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator is located such that it affects the intensity of a light beam transmitted into an eye.

Abstract: An ophthalmic endoilluminator includes a light source, a variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator, a condensing lens, and an optical fiber. The variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator attenuates the light produced by the light source. The variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator includes a wedge capable of being adjusted over a variable angle as measured through an arc of the wedge and an axle to which the wedge is attached. The axle rotates such that the wedge rotates around a pivot defined by the axle. The condensing lens focuses the attenuated light. The optical fiber carries the focused light into an eye. The variable-wedge rotating-disk attenuator is located such that it affects the intensity of a light beam transmitted into an eye.