Abstract: Exemplary embodiments enable an enhanced direct-viewing optical device to include customized adjustments that accommodate various optical aberrations of a current user. Customized optical elements associated with an authorized current user are incorporated with the direct-viewing optical device to produce a specified change in optical wavefront at an exit pupil. Possible replacement optical elements may have refractive and/or reflective and/or diffractive and/or transmissive characteristics based on current performance viewing factors for a given field of view of the direct-viewing optical device. Some embodiments enable dynamic repositioning and/or transformation of replaceable corrective optical elements responsive to a detected shift of a tracked gaze direction of a current user. Replaceable interchangeable corrective optical elements may be fabricated for current usage or retained in inventory for possible future usage in designated direct-viewing optical devices.

Abstract: A method for determining a lens prescription for the eye. The method includes selecting a first ultraviolet (UV) trial lens and a second UV trial lens and determining whether the first UV trial lens or the second UV trial lens results in greater improvement in visual function. The second UV trial lens may be selected for the prescription when the second UV trial lens results in greater improvement in visual function as compared to the first UV trial lens. The method includes selecting a first color group comprising a first color trial lens and a second color trial lens and determining whether the first color trial lens or the second color trial lens results in greater improvement in visual function. The second color trial lens may be selected for the prescription when the second color trial lens results in greater improvement in visual function than the first color trial lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to ophthalmic spectacles for characterizing the direction of gaze of a wearer. Each lens of the spectacles is provided with output sections for directing a radiation towards the ocular areas of the wearer, in which different portions of an ocular limbus of the wearer are in motion. The lens is further provided with input sections for collecting the portions of said radiation reflected in said ocular areas. A computing unit is also combined with the spectacles in order to determine the direction of gaze of the wearer from detection signals measuring the portions of the radiation that are simultaneously collected by the input sections of the two lenses.

Abstract: The invention relates to ophthalmic spectacles for characterizing a convergence of the eyes of a wearer. Each lens of the spectacles is provided with output sections for guiding a radiation towards the side areas of an eye of the carrier, in which the right and left portions of the corneal margin of said eye are in motion. The lens further comprises input sections for collecting the portions of said radiation reflected in said side areas of the eye. A computing unit is also combined with the spectacles in order to determine the convergence of the eyes of the wearer from detection signals measuring the portions of the radiation that are simultaneously collected by the input sections of the two lenses.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for finding and defining a prescription for prism glasses for Diplopic patients and AMD patients whose Macula and Fovea are damaged enough that the patients have double vision, but, still have relatively good acuity. The apparatus positions lenses in infinitely variable locations horizontally and vertically in front of the patient's eyes until the patient indicates that he/she sees the two images fuse. The H-V coordinates of the location of the Optic center of each lens axis in relation to the patient's visual axis are decentration dimensions indicated for each eye by the H and V dials on the apparatus and are thus the basis for an accurate prescription for prism lenses.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for finding and defining a prescription for reading glasses for an AMD patient whose Macula and Fovea are damaged enough that the patient has double vision, i.e. the patient sees two images of every object within the field of view of the Macula and Fovea. The apparatus positions reading lenses in various locations in front of the patient's eyes until the patient indicates that he/she now sees one image for each object in the field of view of the Macula and Fovea. The X-Y coordinates of the location of each lens axis in relation to the patient's visual axis are offset dimensions indicated for each eye by the apparatus and is thus the prescription for reading lenses.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for finding and defining a prescription for reading glasses for an AMD patient whose Macula and Fovea are damaged enough that the patient has double vision, i.e. the patient sees two images of every object within the field of view of the Macula and Fovea. The apparatus positions reading lenses in various locations in front of the patient's eyes until the patient indicates that he/she now sees one image for each object in the field of view of the Macula and Fovea. The X-Y coordinates of the location of each lens axis in relation to the patient's visual axis are offset dimensions indicated for each eye by the apparatus and is thus the prescription for reading lenses.

Abstract: A device and method for determining the defective vision of an optical system include a controllable optical element. The objective and subjective determination of the correction values are more greatly combined in that a measuring and controlling device forms a control loop with the controllable optical element, and the optical characteristics of the controllable element can be changed manually.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for examining refractive power of an examinee's eye subjectively, capable of performing highly-precise examination.

Abstract: A head mounted lens support for performing examination and photography of the posterior structures of the eye. The support includes a lateral support to which a pair of adjustable earpieces, and an adjustable nosebridge are attached. Right and left lens positioners are moveably and pivotable attached to the lateral support. The lens positioners each are adjustable by lateral positioners, depth positioners, and angle positioners. The angle positioners swivel from their nominal positions, perpendicular to the lateral support, through an arc of approximately 25 degrees in order to allow full examination of the structures in the posterior chamber of the eye. Right and left lens cradles are attached, respectively, to the ends of the right and left angle positioners. The lens cradles are forms of arc clamps which receive a lens sleeve. The lens sleeve is itself an arc clamp which contains the actual lens.

Abstract: An illuminator assembly is provided for ophthalmic refractors which is formed as a singular light guide formed in unitary fashion of a transparent polymeric material. The light guide includes a light input portion located adjacent an incandescent light source mounted within the refractor housing. The light guide has transparent output portions which extend uniformly and continuously about the axis scale and further extend to the cylinder power window and the spherical power window. Through the use of a potentiometer/voltage regulator based circuit, the practitioner may alter the intensity of the light propagated to these readout functions by maneuvering a knob mounted upon the battery housing. To improve the characteristics of the illumination, the transparent outputs of the light guide are formed as Fresnel lenses.

Abstract: Trial frames including two independently rotatable cells alignable with each eye are disclosed. Each set of cells is designed to house a pair of either cylinder, polarized, prism, crossed cylinder or sphero-cylinder lenses as appropriate for correcting optical errors such as astigmatism, macular defects, or diplopia. Because the lenses associated with the cells are designed to rotate independently, no synchorinized gear mechanism is required. Moreover, because axes throughout the entire visual field may be generated using independent rotation of two lenses, the batteries of trial lenses used in connection with conventional trial frames need not be used. Adjustable spectacles and an alternative lens system also are disclosed. The adjustable spectacles are particularly useful for persons whose refractive error is changing relatively rapidly over a short period of time (such as persons recovering from cataract surgery) and who therefore cannot practically use conventional glasses or contact lenses.

Abstract: Tinted contact lens fitter having a scissors type support to vary the spacing between pairs of tinted contact lenses mounted in rotatable discs, or in plug-in lens holders, or directly in openings in the support, so that the centers of the tinted contact lenses can be aligned with the centers of a patient's pupils in order for the patient to view in a mirror the combined color of the tinted contact lenses and the color of the patient's irises.

Abstract: An improved refractor for use in the subjective examination of human eyes. Each half of the refractor includes a plurality of lens supporting disks, a hub assembly for rotatably supporting the disks, and a comb assembly to space the disks along the optical axis. One of the disks supports at least one set of 4 cross cylinder lenses. Each disk is coupled to a stepping motor for selective rotation. Each motor is, in turn, supported by a bracket which permits rotation equivalent to a partial motor step to insure alignment of the optical elements supported on the disks with the optical axis. The cylinder lenses supported on the disks are also rotated by a stepping motor. The Risley prisms of each half of the refractor are always positioned on the optical axis and rotated by stepping motors.