Abstract: The automatic optometry analysis system for children includes a main control board for obtaining optometry data of a patient, and an upper computer connected with the main control board. The upper computer may carry out processing according to the optometry data obtained from the main control board, generate corresponding preliminary eyeglass prescription data, correct the preliminary eyeglass prescription data based on collected preset patient information, and generate a final eyeglass prescription suitable for the patient; wherein correction of the preliminary eyeglass prescription data based on the collected preset patient information includes the use of age-related correction coefficient to correct the preliminary eyeglass prescription data.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a gas turbine engine may include an accessory system integrated in a frame between a bypass flow path and a core flow path. A shaft may be provided between the accessory system and a core shaft of the gas turbine engine. The integrated accessory system may include power devices such as motors and generators, among other types of devices. The gas turbine engine may have more than one device spaced at various circumferential locations. In one non-limiting example, two power devices may be spaced 180 degrees apart. In some embodiments, a shaft and gearing may be provided to a location such as a frame in preparation to receive a power device at a later time.

Abstract: Systems for performing combined phoropter and refractive measurements to ascertain the aberrations present in the eye of a subject. The systems use a pair of phoropter wheel assemblies, one for each eye, each assembly comprising a number of lens wheels incorporating the series of lenses and wedges required to compensate for a range of refractive vision aberrations. The vision of each eye is corrected by a combination of a subjective phoropter measurement, iteratively performed with an objective wavefront analysis measurement to determine the residual aberrations existing after the initial phoropter correction. The system is able to automatically align the axes of each wavefront analyzer with is corresponding eye, by means of centering the pupil image in the wavefront analyzer camera, and to determine the pupil distance. By changing the focusing point on the wavefront analyzer of the light refleeted from the eye, the corneal profile can be measured.

Abstract: A subjective vision tester includes a pair of right and left lens chamber units (2) each having a test window (4), a first lens disk (11-14) provided with an aperture and a plurality of optical elements (110, 120, 130, 140) and placed in a position closer to an examinee's eye (E) within the each lens chamber unit, and a second lens disk (15, 16) provided with an aperture (151, 161) and a plurality of optical elements (150, 160) and placed in a position farther from the examinee's eye than the first lens disk within the lens chamber unit. The first lens disk and the second lens disk are equal in diameter. The diameter of the diameter of the aperture in the second lens disk is larger than each optical element in the first lens disk.

Abstract: A subjective vision tester includes a pair of right and left lens chamber units (2) each having a test window (4), a first lens disk (11-14) provided with an aperture and a plurality of optical elements (110, 120, 130, 140) and placed in a position closer to an examinee's eye (E) within the each lens chamber unit, and a second lens disk (15, 16) provided with an aperture (151, 161) and a plurality of optical elements (150, 160) and placed in a position farther from the examinee's eye than the first lens disk within the lens chamber unit. The first lens disk and the second lens disk are equal in diameter. The diameter of the diameter of the aperture in the second lens disk is larger than each optical element in the first lens disk.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for examining refractive power of an examinee's eye subjectively, capable of performing highly-precise examination.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus comprises: a pair of right and left lens chamber units, each unit including a test window and optical elements to be selectively disposed in the test window; and a controller including a transmitting part which transmits a control signal in the form of an optical signal to the lens chamber units to selectively dispose the optical elements in the test window, the transmitting part being adapted to widen an extent of diffusion of luminous flux of the optical signal more greatly in a forward to upward directions than in a lateral direction.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus (2) includes a rotary prism (136a, 136b) disposed in front of the eye (E), for adding a prism degree to the eye (E); a rotation device including a pulse motor (181, 184) and a rotation transmitting mechanism (146, 147, 176, 176a, 177, 177a, 178, 179, 182, 183, 185, 186) for transmitting rotation of the pulse motor to the rotary prism, the rotation device being adapted for rotating the rotary prism to change the prism degree; a command device (43a, 43b) for generating a command signal to start and stop the rotation of the rotary prism; and a control unit (60) for controlling the rotation device to drive the pulse motor to rotate at a speed of 5 pulses/sec. or more when the control unit receives the rotation start command signal until when receives the rotation stop command signal, and, to change the prism degree at a speed of 0.1 to 1.0 prism/sec.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for a subjective examination of a visual function of an examinee's eye includes a pair of right-and-left lens chamber units, each having test windows; and rotary disks disposed in each unit, each disk holding therein optical elements, one of the optical elements in each disk being placed between the test windows; and the optical elements include optical elements of 29 mm to 39 mm in effective diameter.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus for examining refractive power of an examinee's eye subjectively, capable of performing highly-precise examination.

Abstract: An optometric apparatus comprises: a pair of right and left lens chamber units, each unit including a test window and optical elements to be selectively disposed in the test window; and a controller including a transmitting part which transmits a control signal in the form of an optical signal to the lens chamber units to selectively dispose the optical elements in the test window, the transmitting part being adapted to widen an extent of diffusion of luminous flux of the optical signal more greatly in a forward to upward directions than in a lateral direction.

Abstract: A subjective ophthalmic refractor is improved for operator visibility in a darkened examination room by forming a cylinder axis scale of the refractor as a light-transmitting component having opaque scale gradations and installing a polar array of illumination sources to project light through the cylinder axis scale, which preferably includes a translucent material for diffuse illumination. In an alternative embodiment, the cylinder axis scale includes a photoluminescent material to which the scale gradations are applied. The refractor is further improved by installing respective illumination sources near a cylinder power readout and a sphere power readout of the refractor. The disclosure additionally relates to a method for retrofitting an ophthalmic refractor to illuminate the cylinder axis scale, cylinder power readout, and sphere power readout.

Abstract: A compact and precise phoropter of low requirements as to material and favorable as to kinematics comprises two observation channels in each of which a plurality of equal sized disks are rotatably and coaxially arranged about an axle, each of said disks being provided with a number of element sites where spherical lenses, cylindrical lenses, cross cylinders and further optically effective accessory elements are located. At least the cylindrical lenses are seated for rotation on said disks and are provided with first drive wheels, the diameters of the latter being substantially equal to the diameter of a second drive wheel rotatable with the axle and being associated to the respective disk. The diameters of the entire disks are determined by the diameters of the first and the second drive wheels and are at least three-fold the diameter of the first drive wheels.

Abstract: A phoropter comprises two observation channels, in each of said observation channels a plurality of disk-shaped mounts, rotatably seated about at least one axis, for mounting optically effective members and drive means for rotating said mounts. The drive means are piezoelectric motors, each of which is, on the one hand, connected to a base and, on the other hand, provided with a driving end portion, preferably a driven member which executes a rotating motion. The driven member is, compared to the piezoelectric motor, of small design.

Abstract: An optical device for aligning an instrument so that active zones in the instrument are the same distance from the plane of a remote object comprising a lens attached to the instrument, the lens having a curved outer surface and a mirrored back surface. When the active zones in the instrument are aligned parallel to the plane of the remote object and the remote object is illuminated, the proper alignment is indicated by light emanating from the object being focused on a preselected spot.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for measuring or determining refractive errors are disclosed. In some embodiments the invention includes two bars, each containing multiple lenses positioned longitudinally along the bar, and a collar adapted to constrain relative movement of the bars. Moving, or sliding, the bars and collar positions various lenses in the patient's line of sight, permitting the patient to determine which combination produces the best vision. If asymmetrical lenses are included in either bar, rotating the appropriate lens (either directly or by rotating the bar) provides additional information concerning the optimal refractive correction. The collar or bar may further comprise an indicator for signifying the angular rotation of any asymmetrical lens positioned along the patient's line of sight.

Abstract: An ophthalmic dial advancement system for vision testing apparatuses, such as ophthalmic refractors of the type which utilize a single dial sphere control for advancing the lens power of at least one of the lenses positioned within the lens housing. A rotation element is positioned adjacent a portion of the engagement surface of the single dial sphere control so as to facilitate a controlled and sensitive advancement of the single dial sphere control and, in turn, the lenses which are being rotated thereby. A rotation disengagement member is operably attached to a portion of the lens rotation element so as to enable alternatively engaged and disengaged advancement of the single dial sphere control.

Abstract: An ophthalmic lighting apparatus for operable attachment to ophthalmic articles, such as ophthalmic refractors, which articles are capable of supporting and deploying a protruding reading card rod, a reading card holder and accordingly a reading card during an ophthalmic examination. An illumination member is operably attached to one or more of the components of the reading card assembly for providing a controlled and standardized amount of light to the reading card. A position sensitive switch is interposed between a power source and the illumination member for automatically switching a light source upon movement of the reading card rod from a vertically protruding pre-ophthalmic examination position to a substantially horizontal protruding ophthalmic examination position.

Abstract: Apparatus and techniques for measuring and determining the crossed cylinder powers and axes obtained through independent rotation of cylinder lenses are disclosed. Degree scales associated with each lens provide angular measurements for use in connection with a chart or similar apparatus, and in some embodiments determination of the resulting crossed cylinder powers and angles made be made directly from markings included on alternatively designed scales. Unlike many other refractive devices, however, which require use of a digital computer to determine the resulting crossed cylinder power and axis of multiple lenses, the present invention allows such a determination to be made merely by manipulating the positions of the lenses (and viewing entries on the chart as appropriate) and performing simple mathematical operations on the values obtained.

Abstract: Trial frames including two independently rotatable cells alignable with each eye are disclosed. Each set of cells is designed to house a pair of either cylinder, polarized, prism, crossed cylinder or sphero-cylinder lenses as appropriate for correcting optical errors such as astigmatism, macular defects, or diplopia. Because the lenses associated with the cells are designed to rotate independently, no synchorinized gear mechanism is required. Moreover, because axes throughout the entire visual field may be generated using independent rotation of two lenses, the batteries of trial lenses used in connection with conventional trial frames need not be used. Adjustable spectacles and an alternative lens system also are disclosed. The adjustable spectacles are particularly useful for persons whose refractive error is changing relatively rapidly over a short period of time (such as persons recovering from cataract surgery) and who therefore cannot practically use conventional glasses or contact lenses.

Abstract: A new lens system and method of use for otherwise conventional refractors comprising a five-lens, variable crossed cylinder lens attachment and selectable fixed crossed cylinders which may be placed in the examining optical path. The variable crossed cylinder lens attachment includes two pairs of counter rotating cylinder lenses, each of which may be manipulated independent of the other, and a stationary sphere lens. The assembly also is connected to a computer so that the measurement of astigmatism may be made automatically. In addition, refractive techniques utilizing the disclosed crossed cylinder lens systems are described.

Abstract: An eye examining apparatus has an eye examining lens of an elastic material opposed to an eye to be examined, and control means for causing the marginal portion of the eye examining lens to protrude or sink to thereby change the lens surface of the eye examining lens.

Abstract: A new lens system and method of use for otherwise conventional refractors comprising a synchronized, three-lens, variable crossed cylinder lens attachment and selectable fixed crossed cylinders which may be placed in the examining optical path. The synchronized, variable crossed cylinder lens attachment replaces the Jackson crossed cylinder lens and rotates in step with rotation of the cylinder lens axis. Batteries of strong and weak crossed cylinder lenses replace the strong and weak cylinder lenses of conventional refractors. Refractive techniques utilizing the disclosed crossed cylinder lens systems are also described.

Abstract: A new lens system and method of use for otherwise conventional refractors comprising a synchronized, variable crossed cylinder lens attachment and selectable fixed crossed cylinders which may be placed in the examining optical path. The synchronized, variable crossed cylinder lens attachment replaces the Jackson crossed cylinder lens and rotates in step with rotation of the cylinder lens axis. Batteries of strong and weak crossed cylinder lenses replace the strong and weak cylinder lenses of conventional refractors. Refractive techniques utilizing the disclosed crossed cylinder lens systems are also described.

Abstract: A self-conscious type eye examining apparatus is provided with a Stokes' cross cylinder in a view field window, a spherical lens group having a plurality of spherical lenses selectively disposed in the optical path of the cross cylinder, a first electric rotating device coupled to the cross cylinder to rotate the cross cylinder independently, a second electric rotating device for inserting a predetermined lens of the spherical lens group into the view field window, and a control device for controlling the rotations of the first and second electric rotating devices in a predetermined relation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refractor of the type having a housing which has patient eye position for viewing along a sight axis extendible therethrough, a pair of superimposed cylinder lens assemblies, means for positioning a particular lens in front of the sight axis, axis control means for controlling the axis of each cylinder lens, a cross-cylinder assembly which is synchronously coupled with said cylinder lens assemblies. The improvement of such type of refractor comprises the positioning means including an internally threaded cylinder axis drive gear having a lock shaft, said gear located outside of the housing and having its lock shaft extending through an opening in the housing coincident with the common axis of both carriers, said shafted cylinder axis drive gear riding upon bearing means disposed between it and the housing. The housing opening for the lock shaft has a sleeve within the housing which circumscribes the opening. There is an annular space formed between the lock shaft and the sleeve.

Abstract: A new subjective phorometer which can be a desk-type one in which all the measuring means are set on the desk plate and all the procedures for measuring vision data of eyes are carried out by control switches on the desk, and all the data measured are displayed digitally on a monitor, and printed out.The subjective phorometer comprises (1) the same measuring elements as conventional subjective phorometers, (2) a number of pulse motors, electro-magnetic clutches having a double-shafts mechanism, and direct current motors for driving the measuring elements and a number of sensors for detecting the zero position of the measuring elements, (3) a central processing unit and control switches for control driving of the pulse-motors, electro-magnetic clutches, and direct current motors, and (4) a monitor for displaying digitally the vision data measured, and (5) a printer for printing the data.

Abstract: An ophthalmic refractor is provided which is configured for carrying out the Jackson cross-cylinder test. To improve accuracy, an optical encoder is provided in conjunction with each cylinder axis control knob and in conjunction with the lens mount of the cross-cylinder test lens. The cross-cylinder test lens is driven by a d.c. motor and worm gear assembly and a control circuit is provided for selectively energizing the drive motor in correspondence with the settings of the optical encoders. For power mode operation, the control circuit effects motor drive to align the axes of the cross-cylinder lens and pertinent cylinder axis. Correspondingly, for axis mode operation, the control circuit further adjusts the positioning by the motor of the cross-cylinder lens by 45.degree.. Illuminated digital displays are provided on the refractor for direct digital readout of cylinder axis diagnostic data as well as test mode identification.

Abstract: An improved refractor for use in the subjective examination of human eyes. Each half of the refractor includes a plurality of lens supporting disks, a hub assembly for rotatably supporting the disks, and a comb assembly to space the disks along the optical axis. One of the disks supports at least one set of 4 cross cylinder lenses. Each disk is coupled to a stepping motor for selective rotation. Each motor is, in turn, supported by a bracket which permits rotation equivalent to a partial motor step to insure alignment of the optical elements supported on the disks with the optical axis. The cylinder lenses supported on the disks are also rotated by a stepping motor. The Risley prisms of each half of the refractor are always positioned on the optical axis and rotated by stepping motors.

Abstract: An improved refractor for use in the subjective examination of human eyes. Each half of the refractor includes a plurality of lens supporting disks, a hub assembly for rotatably supporting the disks, and a comb assembly to space the disks along the optical axis. One of the disks supports at least one set of 4 cross cylinder lenses. Each disk is coupled to a stepping motor for selective rotation. Each motor is, in turn, supported by a bracket which permits rotation equivalent to a partial motor step to insure alignment of the optical elements supported on the disks with the optical axis. The cylinder lenses supported on the disks are also rotated by a stepping motor. The Risley prisms of each half of the refractor are always positioned on the optical axis and rotated by stepping motors.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument having a cylindrical test lens and a cross cylinder lens which are adapted to be placed in an examining optical path. The cross cylinder lens is mounted on a lens tube which is rotatably mounted on a swingable lever about a pivot axis. A gear train is provided between the lens tube for the cross cylinder lens and a rotatable part for rotating the cylindrical test lens so that the cylinder axis of the cylindrical lens be rotated about the optical axis of the examining optical path by rotating the lens tube.

Abstract: A compact refraction instrument for use in both the objective and subjective examination of human eyes. The instrument incorporates an alignment mode, a retinoscopy mode, a distance mode and near mode. For carrying out the functions associated with these modes, the instrument includes a Brewster stereoscope, a mode change system, and a system for supporting a plurality of binocular/monocular vision testing slides. The instrument also includes a refractor system and apparatus for suspending the refractor system in the optical paths before the Brewster stereoscope. The refractor suspension system includes a frame support, a refractor support plate, an apparatus secured between the frame and refractor support plate for pivoting the refractor support plate about an axis substantial coincident with an axis in the plane of and centered between the two optical axes of the refractor.

Abstract: A refractor optical system having a new series of spherical and cylinder lenses substantially eliminates the irregular occurrence of additive errors when lenses spaced from the reference plane are used or more than two lenses are combined and permits correction for the significant additive errors by non-additive lens selection is disclosed.

Abstract: Method for obtaining cross cylinder-like actions for using the adjusting or aligning measurement known as the cross cylinder method in phoropters for subjective refraction, wherein the spherical and cylindrical lens discs of the phoropter are adjusted in preprogrammed manner to cross cylinder-like lens systems.The set problem is also solved by a phoropter with spherical test lenses and cylindrical lenses arranged on lens discs and which can be introduced into the observation optical path, wherein the motor drives of the lens discs are combined in a program control unit, connected to an operating unit and an indicating unit.