Abstract: A digital sound signal reading means 20 is provided in association with a sound drum 13 on which an image film 1 delivered from a cinema film supply unit 50 circumferentially travels to carry out reading and reproduction of digital sound signals recorded in a digital sound signal recording portion 5 of the image film 1. An image film traveling adjustment unit 30 is disposed at least at the position of the preceding stage of the image film traveling path. The image film traveling adjustment unit 30 applies traveling load in dependency upon traveling state of the image film 1 to allow the image film 1 to travel up to the digital sound signal reading means 2 in a stable state thus to allow it to carry out reading and reproduction of digital sound signals.

Abstract: A safety device for the feed out path of film from a platter system includes a plate pivotally or slidably mounted to a support of the platter system, and carrying a roller which is engaged by film on the feed out path. A spring biases the plate toward an inactive position where the platter system operates normally. If a head wrap condition begins, tension increases on the feed out path which moves the plate against the spring to activate a switch which interrupts power to the platter system and to a projector connected to the platter system.

Abstract: Film transport device in a film projector with winding plates located on both sides of a film gate and drivable by one winding motor, with supply and takeup devices respectively located between the winding plates and the film gate to create film loops on both sides of the film gate, a film transport device between the supply and takeup devices, and a film channel to guide the film placed in the film projector. After film (1) is placed in the open film channel, film transport device (2) and one of the two supply and takeup devices (3, 4) is brought into engagement with film (1) and film transport device (2) is operated at an rpm greater than that of one of the supply or takeup devices (3 or 4) until a first film loop of a presettable length is formed between film transport device (2) and one of the supply and/or takeup devices (3 or 4).

Abstract: Control and regulating device for film transport in a film projector, with winding plates (62, 72) located on both sides of a film gate (8) and drivable by a single motor (61, 71), and with supply and takeup devices (3, 4) likewise disposed between the winding plates (62, 72) and film gate (8), the devices being drivable by at least one drive motor (51) to produce film loops on both side of the film gate (8) and with a transport device (2) between the supply and takeup devices (3 and 4). The drive motors (21; 51; 61, 71) for the winding plates (62 and 72), supply and takeup devices (3 and 4), and film transport device (2) are connected with sensors (25; 55; 65, 75) to detect the rpm and/or rotational direction, so that when a presettable rpm is exceeded or when one of the drive motors (21; 51; 61, 71) rotates in a rotational direction counter to the rotational direction predetermined by a higher-order operating control, all drive motors (21; 51; 61, 71) are braked simultaneously.

Abstract: A reel servo device for a video cassette recorder with a direct drive reel system, which carries out smoothly fast forward and fast rewind operations by distributing properly the load carried to the supply reel motor and the take-up reel motor. The current through the driving reel motor, is detected and supplied as a driving current of a magnitude proportional to the detected voltage to the other reel motor so as to rotate it in the direction of the tape movement.

Abstract: A motion picture camera is described which minimizes waste of film during the start up of the camera, when the supply and takeup reels are rapidly accelerated until film is moving at the proper speed, at which time the camera begins to take pictures. A reel motor is energized to apply a high torque that rapidly accelerates the takeup reel at an acceleration limited by the amount of film on the takeup reel, while the camera motor which moves film through the film gate region is controlled to move film towards the takeup reel at a speed that maintains a moderate level of film tension between the film gate region and the takeup reel.

Abstract: A compact, easily installable light detector unit is provided to automatically correct malfunction in film feed in projection devices of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,312,576. Light is projected through the perforation apertures in the film and conducted to light sensing a element by means of a fiber optic pipe. The mechanism which corrects malfunctions in film feed is activated only when such correction is required.

Abstract: This film sag detecting device for a sound cinecamera is provided with an opto-electronic coupler located along a film path which is formed between a means for intermittent feeding of a film for exposure and a means for continuous feeding of the same for recording sounds thereon. The opto-electronic coupler comprises a light emitting element and a light receiving element and it is placed to allow the film to interrupt a light path which bridges the two light elements exclusively when the film excessively sags, so as to detect any excessive sag of the film.

Abstract: In the camera disclosed, the film loop between the film drive at an exposure aperture and the film drive at a sound recording station is sensed and the film is prevented from jamming by having a drive unit operate a film drive motor at the exposure aperture and a capstan motor at the sound recording station operate simultaneously only when the film loop is sufficiently small to prevent jamming, but by operating only the capstan motor, and delaying the film motor when the loop is too long.

Abstract: A driving device which enables the use of films with or without perforations and the driving of a perforated film without using the perforations and sprockets in movie projectors and editors with optical compensator and steady flow of the film, and any other device where the film between the two reels is driven conventionally with a perforation-sprocket system.

Abstract: Flutter in an audio signal recorded on a magnetic tape is reduced by sampling the audio at a rate determined by the frequency of a reference signal also recorded on the tape, reading the samples into respective cells of a memory, and reading out respective cells of the memory at a substantially constant rate that is independent of rapidly changing short duration variations in tape speed. The read-out rate is isolated from tape speed by introducing a time delay between the read-in and read-out of the same sample, the amount of the delay changing in accordance with differences in speed between the tape and a fixed reference. Changes in the delay between read-in and read-out of the same sample generate an error signal that is used to control the speed of the capstan motor that drives the tape past a transducer.

Abstract: In a sound motion picture camera which permits both sound filming and silent filming by selective use of a sound film cartridge and a silent film cartridge, utilization is made of only signals from loop detecting means for detecting variations in the length of a loop of sound film formed between the exposure station and the sound recording station of the camera during the use of the sound film cartridge, whereby during the use of the silent film cartridge, the film transport speed of a first film transport means for effecting film transport at the exposure station is automatically set to a first speed suited for use of the silent film cartridge and during the use of the sound film cartridge, the film transport speed of the first film transport means is changed over between a second speed higher than the film transport speed of a second film transport means for effecting film transport at the sound recording station and a third speed lower than the film transport speed of the second film transport means in acc

Abstract: A moving picture camera with interchangeable film magazine comprises in each magazine, a take-up roll on which is wound the exposed film, and an electric motor rotating this roll.A measuring device is provided for measuring the speed of rotation of the take-up roll and for delivering a first signal representing this speed of rotation. A computer circuit receiving at its inputs said signal and a signal representing the image cadence selected and another signal representing the desired tension for the film, delivers at its ouptut a signal representing the value of the intensity of the electric current supplied to the motor, so that the required mechanical power, in other words the useful electric power supplied by this motor, is constant, for a selected image cadence and a desired film tension.

Abstract: A motion picture camera has a film receiving chamber with an image recording location and a sound recording location. When a sound film is loaded, it is guided to through both locations whereas when a silent film is loaded, it is guided through only the image recording location. A first film feed device and a second film feed device are provided; the first of which transports the film at the image recording location intermittently and the second film feed device transports the film at the sound recording location at a substantially constant speed. Apparatus are provided to detect disorder or abnormal change in operations of the camera and to stop the motion of the camera when such change occurs.

Abstract: A control system senses variations in the size of a buffer loop introduced in a magnetic recording tape or other flexible strip between a point of intermittent advance and a point of uniform advance. The control system maintains the size of the buffer loop at a selected measure by controlling the speed of the drive means which advances the tape uniformly. The control system has two response characteristics which cause the control system to react to variations in loop size either quickly or slowly depending on which response characteristic is chosen. During a first mode of operation, the faster response characteristic is chosen to establish the loop size quickly, while audio reproduction is muted. The control system then switches to a second mode of operation with the slower response characteristic which is compatible with audio reproduction. The control system employs an integrator responsive to an input signal indicative of loop size.

Abstract: A telecine projector includes film supply and take-up means; a film constant-speed drive means for advancing the film at an arbitrary predetermined constant speed past a magnetic transducer; a shutter for intermittently illuminating the film at a predetermined constant rate; intermittent film advancing means for advancing the film past the shutter; a film slack detecting means for detecting whether slack in the film between the film advancing means and the film constant drive means exceeds a predetermined amount; and control means for controlling the advancing operation of the film advancing means in accordance with the output of the film slack detecting means. The film can be intermittently advanced in accordance with a film running speed which is arbitrarily predetermined while the shutter operates at the video field frequency. Fast motion reproduction and slow motion reproduction are possible.

Abstract: A sound motion picture camera capable of using a sound film is disclosed. The camera includes a film receiving chamber having an image recording location and a sound recording location, a first film feeding device for intermittently transporting a film loaded in the chamber from the image recording location toward the sound recording location, a second film feeding device for transporting the film transported by the first film feeding means further downstream from the sound recording location at a substantially constant speed, a switching device interposed between the first and second film feeding devices and a control device for controlling the operation of the film feeding devices.

Abstract: A sound motion picture projection system which can be formed by a combination of a silent film projector and a sound recording and reproducing unit, wherein a silent film projector and a separate sound recording and reproducing unit are provided and minor modification is given to said silent film projector so that said silent film projector can be used as a projection unit only with said minor modification.

Abstract: A film loop size control is described for use in a camera in which the film s advanced intermittently past an image recording station by a first drive means and advanced continuously past a sound recording station by a second drive means. A detector which senses the size of the film loop between the image recording station and the sound recording station causes a control means to actuate only the second drive means whenever the detector senses a slack film loop when the film is stationary. The second drive means then advances the film past the sound recording station to remove the slack from the film loop. When the detector senses an absence of slack in the film, the control means de-actuates the second drive means. A switch is included which is adapted to be actuated when the film slack has been reduced for actuating both the first and the second drive means for advancing the film past the image recording station and the sound recording station.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sound motion picture projection apparatus in which a head pad is urged by a spring member toward a film pressing position at which position the head pad presses a film against a magnetic head disposed along the sound recording and reproducing film path. The apparatus has a set mechanism of the self-holding type which sets the head pad against the urging force of the spring member to a film pressure releasing position at which position the head pad releases the pressing of the film, by the driving force of a driving motor and keeps the head pad to that position.

Abstract: A projector for motion picture film includes a servo motor which is controlled to advance film frame by frame to a projection station. A capstan on each side of the projection station is controlled to maintain film loops of substantially constant size and an associated reel motor delivers film to and takes film from each capstan. Each associated capstan and reel motor are controlled so as to maintain substantially constant tension on the film. A film guide defines the projection station and also includes provision for masking peripheral areas of each frame. Each capstan and an associated pinch roller are designed so as to eliminate creeping of film from between the two. A circuit for controlling the reel motors is arranged to permit fast winding of film directly from one reel to the other with an automatic braking feature.

Abstract: The housing of a motion-picture camera has a cassette-receiving space into which at least one feeler projects to detect the insertion of a sound-film cassette differing in shape from a silent-film cassette. With both types of cassettes the film is intermittently transported past an image gate by a traction claw; in the case of a sound-film cassette a portion of the film downstream of the image window is accessible for engagement by a constant-speed feeder in the vicinity of a sound-recording head. The feed rate of the traction claw is stabilized by a centrifugal governor in the presence of a silent-film cassette; upon sensing a sound-film cassette, the feeler deactivates the governor and synchronizes the claw drive with the constant-speed feeder under the control of a mechanism, such as a loop detector, which measures the length of film between the image gate and the recording head.

Abstract: A sound motion picture projection apparatus provided with pressure pad means operable to press a film against magnetic sound recording and reproducing head means disposed along a path of the film for sound recording and/or reproduction. Urging means urge the pressure pad means toward its film pressing position. Externally operable means are provided for shifting the pressure pad means from its film pressing position to a released position against the urging force of the urging means. Releasable locking means are provided for holding the pressure pad means in the released position against the urging force of the urging means; and film detecting means are disposed in said sound film path behind the magnetic head means to detect introduction of the film into the sound film path and to release the locking of the pressure pad means by the locking means.

Abstract: A sound movie projector includes, in a serial manner, a first sprocket, an intermittent film advance mechanism for advancing the film on a frame-by-frame basis past a projection gate, a sound recording and/or reproducing head assembly, a film drive roller assembly, and a second sprocket. The difference in film feeding speed at the projection gate and the sound reproducing station is detected by monitoring the length of the film disposed between the film drive roller assembly and the second sprocket by means of a pivotable sensing lever operatively engaged with a portion of the film having a substantially rectiliner configuration under normal conditions, and as a result of such monitoring, the film feeding speed at the film projection gate is appropriately adjusted in a continuous manner utilizing a cone pulley drive system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a synchronization system of a cine-projector with a sound tape reproducer. It is characterized in that the phase of a signal corresponding to the film feeding speed of the film projector and that of a signal corresponding to the standard speed coming from the sound tape reproducer are compared with each other so as to control the film feeding speed of the cine-projector by means of the comparison output corresponding to the phase difference. In order to accomplish this, between the driving source for driving the internal mechanism of the cine-projector and the driving member for the internal mechanism, a transmission speed varying mechanism is provided in such a manner that the transmission speed varying mechanism is controlled by means of the film speed control driving source to be driven by the comparison output so as to maintain the synchronized state.

Abstract: A cine camera for taking talking pictures, in which a film is moved intermittently past an image gate by a reciprocating traction claw and continuously past a recording head by a rotating capstan coacting with a pinch roller, includes a latch by which the pinch roller can be held spaced from the capstan in an inactive position. The latching of the pinch roller in this inactive position, against the force of a biasing spring providing the necessary contact pressure during filming, is accomplished upon deactivation of the film drive by the residual kinetic energy of an inertial mass such as a flywheel which is coupled with either the capstan drive or the claw drive. The latch is released upon actuation of a trigger, either directly or through the intermediary of the claw drive. The biasing spring may be part of a toggle mechanism tripped by a presetting member, such as a sensor detecting the presence of a sound-film cassette in the camera.

Abstract: A sound-cinecamera comprising a motor for driving a capstan at uniform velocity, a motor for feeding a film intermittently, a detecting switch for detecting any superfluity or insufficiency of the film feed by said film-feeding motor relative to the film feed by said capstan driving motor and generating corresponding sag-signals, a speed-controlling circuit connected to said film-feeding motor and comprising a tachometer generator for maintaining the stability of the speed of said motor, and a sag-detecting circuit comprising said detecting switch, said sag-detecting circuit being connected to the power source of said film-feeding motor and the output thereof is connected to the controlling means of said speed-controlling circuit through a delay circuit, whereby said sag-signals generated by said detecting switch are transmitted to said controlling means independently of said speed-controlling circuit for regularizing fluctuations in the number of revolution of said film-feeding motor arising from fluctuation

Abstract: The housing of a motion-picture camera has a cassette-receiving space into which at least one feeler projects to detect the insertion of a sound-film cassette differing in shape from a silent-film cassette. With both types of cassettes the film is intermittently transported past an image gate by a traction claw; in the case of a sound-film cassette a portion of the film downstream of the image window is accessible for engagement by a constant-speed feeder in the vicinity of a sound-recording head. The feed rate of the traction claw is stabilized by a centrifugal governor in the presence of a silent-film cassette; upon sensing a sound-film cassette, the feeler deactivates the governor and synchronizes the claw drive with the constant-speed feeder under the control of a mechanism, such as a loop detector, which measures the length of film between the image gate and the recording head.

Abstract: A filming camera having a synchronous sound recording of the type in which the film is driven by a claw undergoing a reciprocating movement produced by a motor and, downstream of the claw, by a capstan driven by a second motor, wherein the claw motor has a constant speed and the capstan motor speed is variable and means are provided to make the average speed of said capstan motor a determined function of the claw motor speed.

Abstract: Disclosed for a sound motion picture camera is an improved shuttle speed trol device including a film loop sensor sensitive to slight variations in the film loop for causing the speed of the shuttle to be changed by a simple brake device utilizing powers of the drive motor whereby less force is required for sensing the size of the film loop to maintain picture-sound synchronization.

Abstract: A sound motion picture system in which sound is recorded on movie film. A constant speed capstan drives the film past a sound transducer, and a claw drives the film incrementally past a film gate. A projection lamp, a DC power supply, and an induction motor for driving the claw are energized from a common source. A film loop between the transducer and the film gate controls a switching circuit for unbalancing the current to the induction motor to control the speed of the motor without materially affecting the rms value of the current supplied to the lamp or the peak - to - peak value of the voltage supplied to the DC power supply.

Abstract: Disclosed is a motion picture camera adapted to expose silent film and so film and having a control mechanism control the rate of film transport by intermittent and constant transporting devices to maintain a standard film transport speed. A high frequency differential transformer couples a power source and control circuitry including a rectifier circuit so that rectified output voltage of the transformer adjusts the intermittent mechanism responsive to the film loop size as detected by a film loop sensor arranged between the transporting devices. The output voltage varies from zero to some value when the loop sensor actuator is displaced from a position corresponding to an orientation when the film loop is of a standard size to modify the intermittent film transporting device to feed film at a rate to re-establish the film loop at the standard size.

Abstract: A motion-picture camera having exposure and sound-recording structures past which the film is transported by a pair of film-transporting structures, respectively, at least one of which is driven by a variable speed electric motor. The film is transported both forwardly and rearwardly and forms between the exposure and sound-recording structures a loop from which the film is continuously transported to the sound-recording structure and to which the film is transported in a stepwise manner from the exposure structure.

Abstract: A sound motion picture production and sound editing system comprising a film cassette containing a strip of photosensitive film having a sound track thereon, a supply of processing composition and a processor programmed to apply the processing composition to the film upon manipulation of the film in the cassette; a film drive projection and sound reproducing system adapted to receive the cassette, and containing cyclic drive means responsive to the insertion of a cassette and to a signal produced by the cassette indicating whether or not the film has been processed for manipulating the film, to cause processing if the film has not been processed, and then to project it while reproducing sound recorded on the film; or simply to project the film, while reproducing the sound recorded on it, if it has been processed, in which a sound array comprising a recording and reproducing transducer and a film drive capstan are engaged with the film during projection, to permit recording on, or playback from the sound track

Abstract: A motion picture camera having a magnetic sound recording head, a pressure plate for holding the film tight against the sound head, a capstan driven at a uniform rate for advancing the film uniformly past the sound head, a drum for holding the film tight against the capstan and a sensor or feeler for sensing the film loop between the optical film gate and the sound recording head. The capstan and the recording head are mounted in stationary locations on one side of a mounting plate, the flywheel of the capstan is located on the opposite side of the mounting plate, and the pressure plate, the drum, and the feeler are mounted on a lever which swings in a plane parallel to the mounting plate and is located on the same side of the mounting plate as the capstan and recording head.

Abstract: Film tensioning and controlling transport mechanism for a cinematograph film projector. The film take-up mechanism has a torque motor drive separate from the projector mechanism drive motor. The torque motor is energised first to tension film before the projector drive motor is energised. The torque motor is first energised with a series temperature-sensitive resistor so that torque, and film-tension, increases before the projector mechanism starts up. Film between the projector mechanism and the take-up spool is formed into a loop over a movable roller, which is spring-tensioned in the loop-lenghtening direction but is restrained by a dashpot in the loop-shortening direction. Film-tension reduces the loop length, but the projector drive motor is energised before the whole loop is taken up.

Abstract: Disclosed is a film speed control device for a single-system sound camera capable of simultaneous picture/sound recording in which an intermittent film transport mechanism at the exposure station and a constant speed film transport mechanism at a sound station having a magnetic recording head are driven synchronously by separate drive motors. In the control device, the impedance of a high frequency coil is changed in response to changes in the size of a film loop between the stations to control the rate of operation of the intermittent film transport so as to maintain constant the size of the film loop. The output of the high frequency oscillator is used for AC bias for the magnetic recording head, and is rectified for use as a power source for the recording amplifier.

Abstract: A sound motion-picture system employing a film handling cassette within which the film is retained throughout all photographic and audio operations. The film handling cassette includes both an audio station and an exposure-projection station, and the camera and viewer apparatus includes a pair of drive arrangements for progressively advancing incremental sections of such film across the exposure-projection station and for substantially uniformly advancing the film strip through the audio station. To isolate these different film motions, the drive arrangements cooperate with the cassette to provide a free loop of film extending exteriorly of the cassette. A sensing element monitors the loop of film and adjusts one of the drives so as to retain the loop within predetermined limits. In the camera, the audio drive is coupled to the start switch so as to displace the audio drive into a standby position when the camera is not being operated.

Abstract: Disclosed for a sound motion picture camera is an improved shuttle speed trol device including a film loop sensor sensitive to slight variations in the film loop for causing the speed of the shuttle to be changed by a simple brake device utilizing powers of the drive motor whereby less force is required for sensing the size of the film loop to maintain picture-sound synchronization.

Abstract: A cine camera for taking talking pictures, in which a film is moved intermittently past an image gate by a reciprocating traction claw and continuously past a recording head by a rotating capstan coacting with a pinch roller, includes a latch by which the pinch roller can be held spaced from the capstan in an inactive position. The latching of the pinch roller in this inactive position, against the force of a biasing spring providing the necessary contact pressure during filming, is accomplished upon deactivation of the film drive by the residual kinetic energy of an inertial mass such as a flywheel which is coupled with either the capstan drive or the claw drive. The latch is released upon actuation of a trigger, either directly or through the intermediary of the claw drive. The biasing spring may be part of a toggle mechanism tripped by a presetting member, such as a sensor detecting the presence of a sound-film cassette in the camera.