Abstract: According to certain embodiments, a camera module comprises a refractive member configured to reflect or refract at least a portion of light received by the camera module; and an image sensor configured to detect at least a portion of light reflected or refracted by the refractive member, wherein the refractive member includes an effective area configured to provide a path of the light and a dummy area disposed on at a portion of an edge of the effective area and configured to scatter at least a part of light incident onto the dummy area.

Abstract: A new and useful method and system for correcting for ghost images in a telecentric optical system is provided. Ghost images generated from planar optical surfaces in the image space after the major elements of a telecentric optical system are shift invariant. In other words the ghost images produced by these optical elements do not change their shape with different field angles or points. The ghost image's invariance with field position will allow the ghost image to be subtracted or removed from the image of an object recorded on a digital detector such as CCD or CMOS detector when its optical system is telecentric in image space. This subtraction may be accomplished, for example, with a removal technique using a measured ghost function germane and invariant to that particular optical system. The combination of the ghost image and scatter functions is linearly shift invariant and therefore, both noise contributions could be removed from the resulting digital image using similar removal techniques.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image processing circuit for use in an electrooptic device having a plurality of scanning lines, a plurality of data lines, switching elements which are respectively disposed in correspondence with intersections between the scanning lines and the data lines, and pixel electrodes which are electrically coupled to the corresponding switching elements.

Abstract: A system and method for registering the frames of film with respect to an aperture in a motion picture projector. A registration reference mark is applied to each frame corresponding to the location of the frame on the film. When the film is intermittently stopped in the projector's film gate, the registration reference mark is read to determine the location of that frame relative to the immediately preceding frame. If the frame in the gate is misregistered, the gate is moved to correctly register the frame prior to projection. By properly registering the frames, the “jitter”and “weave” associated with conventional projectors is eliminated and resolution of the projected film image is enhanced.

Abstract: A movie film image projecting device wherein a movie film is intermittently stopped in a manner synchronized with rotation of a sprocket by means of travel-synchronizing holes which have been formed longitudinally with respect to the movie film and a light from a light source is projected on a stated region of the movie film at a stopped base position. Detectors for detecting at a plurality of locations the displacement of the film from the base position at the time the movie film has stopped, on the basis of the travel-synchronizing holes, output a different position detection signal corresponding to the deviation of the film from the base position at each of the plurality of locations. An abnormality judging circuit supplied with the position detection signals determines whether or not the position detection signals are abnormal and outputs an abnormality detection signal for each of the position detection signals which is determined to be abnormal.

Abstract: The invention concerns the elimination of the image steadiness error in the projection of films, which consist of individual images.For this purpose, the image steadiness error is detected by a sensor and is compensated for by a device for step size compensation.An apparatus for the measurement of the image position in the projection films which consist of individual images has a sensor for the measurement of the image steadiness error by making use of the perforation.In a device for the correction of an image steadiness error of films which consist of individual images, an optical compensator is arranged before the films as an optical storage medium and/or before the optical photography medium.

Abstract: In a first guide unit the plural number of electrodes are provided facing the edge of a movie film containing a plurality of perforations formed along the longitudinal direction of the movie film, in a second guide unit a band shaped conducting material is provided facing the electrodes having the movie film between, and each stop position with respect to window holes is detected based on the amount of change of each electrostatic capacity changing depending on the displacement rate from each stop position of a plurality of condensers which are formed making each electrode and conducting material as a pole plate respectively and making the thickness of the movie film as the distance of pole plates. Therefore, a film position detection device, a film image display device and a movie film recording device capable of further improving the movie film position detection accuracy can be realized with the simple construction.

Abstract: An image displaying device which is able to prevent the occurrence of fluctuations in the picture which is projected on the screen, even if some positional fluctuations have occurred in the movie film. The optical axis correcting means is provided on the optical path of the transmitted light which has been obtained from the light source via the movie film, and also the detecting means is provided for detecting the quantity of the displacement from the base position at the time the movie film has stopped on the basis of the travel-synchronizing holes which have been formed in the longitudinal direction of the movie film, whereby the optical axis correcting means is able to change the angle of the optical axis of the transmitted light, according to the result of detection obtained from the detecting means, on the basis of drive controlling by the driving means. As a result the optical axis can be corrected.

Abstract: A film drive control system includes a light source that directs a beam at a photographic filmstrip and a sensor located such that it detects this light source depending on whether or not the light source is blocked by the passage of the photographic filmstrip. The filmstrip includes perforations that indicate frame exposure areas. The filmstrip is advanced one frame at a time by first moving the film forward at a relatively high velocity until the leading edge of the perforation passes the sensor, then reducing the velocity in the forward direction until the trailing edge of the perforation passes the sensor. The filmstrip is then moved in the film reverse direction at a reduced velocity until the trailing edge again passes by the sensor, at which time the filmstrip is halted.

Abstract: Control and regulation apparatus 16 for the control of the exposure and transport speed of a motion picture film with a motion picture camera whose film transport motor 26 is connected to a speed control apparatus 23 and which has a rotary shutter which can be adjusted by means of a servomotor 3 and which is connected to a potentiometer 6 as a position sensor. A setpoint for the shutter aperture of the adjustable rotary shutter is specified as a function of the current film transport speed by the control and regulation apparatus 16 via a converter 14 to a position controller 13, whereby the product of the film transport speed and the shutter aperture is always a constant value. Different film transport speeds, shutter apertures and transition times can be input to the camera in a programmer apparatus 19 or in a remote control apparatus 181, 182, and initiated sequentially by means of a program key 183.

Abstract: Method for correcting vertical framing errors during the projection of an intermittently transported perforated motion picture film by means of a film transport sprocket engaging the film perforations, said sprocket being driven by an electric motor whose rotor is connected with an angle indicator device which delivers to a regulating device controlling the electric motor, position signals corresponding to the angular position of the rotor. To correct device-specific vertical framing errors, the frame positions are measured with a geometrically precise measuring film over a plurality of frames, the individual frame positions are stored, and the position of the angle indicator disk is changed by a correction value relative to the film transport sprocket.

Abstract: A compactly constructed shutter and support apparatus in a camera permits placement of the shutter in close proximity with a film strip to minimize weight and moment of inertia of the shutter for rapid repetitive starting and stopping of the shutter in response to control signals to a drive mechanism.

Abstract: A motion picture projector substantially free of picture jump comprises a gate assembly having a projection aperture and a light source for projecting light through the aperture and focusing lens and onto a screen. The film is intermittently advanced through the gate assembly by an intermittent sprocket which is intermittently rotated by a modified Geneva mechanism. The Geneva mechanism comprises a star wheel having a plurality of radially extending slots separated by curved surfaces. A rotating cam has a ring which slidably engages the curved surface of the star wheel and a pin which engages the slots as the cam rotates, rotating the star wheel a fraction of a rotation for each full rotation of the cam. The cam has a tension area adjacent the pin and a relief area remote from the pin. The tension area engages the curved surfaces of the star wheel closely, preventing backward rotation.

Abstract: An improved motion picture apparatus for use with a card-like film unit and being of the type including a rotatable barrel cam for reciprocally driving the optical output end of a pivoting periscope boom, forming part of a scanning optical system, stepwise along a given locus over a row of sequential image positions at the film plane wherein the improvement comprises structure for axially displacing the barrel cam to adjust the location of the given locus so that at each of the steps the output end is in registration with a corresponding one of the image positions.

Abstract: Stereo pairs which have been printed on a single film strip are directed and focused upon a screen by an attachment for a standard motion picture projector. The images are overlapped and polarized at right angles to the other upon the screen by an optical device having abutting elements. The stereo pairs on the film are separated by an opaque band to define the edges of the projected image and mask element abutment. Indicia marks may be provided on the film to enable the positioning of the right and left images on the film in the gate to avoid pseudo stereo projection. A film format for stereo pairs uses a dark bar centered at the aperture on the film or gate.

Abstract: A motion picture projector having an improved electric transport system for incrementally advancing film through a light gate. A constant, but adjustable, velocity rotating shutter periodically interrupts the projected picture to permit advancing the film through the light gate to the next frame. As the shutter moves to a position blocking the projected picture, a shutter position detector generates a signal for triggering a control circuit which drives an electric servomotor to rotate a film drive sprocket. The servomotor is driven to rotate the sprocket to advance the film one frame and then to hold the sprocket in a fixed position to prevent any motion of the film while the picture is projected. Power is applied from a non-linear control circuit to the servomotor. Error signals applied to the servomotor are of a peak magnitude when the servomotor is stopped with the film framed in the light gate so that small position errors drive the servomotor to the desired position with a maximum torque.