Abstract: Watermarking of a motion picture release print occurs by providing on at least one soundtrack at least one tone of a particular frequency on at least one location unique to the release print. Typically, placement of the particular frequency tone occurs on location(s) where the tone will have minimal impact on the existing soundtrack audio. A record of location(s) at which the particular frequency tone appears on the release print is maintained to facilitate comparison with the tones detected in audio visual work to determine whether the audio of an illegal media was recorded from that release print.

Abstract: A method for identifying film includes locating a visual identifier proximally to perforations on a film length. Preferably, the visual identifier is located between perforations on the film proximal to an edge distal from a soundtrack on the film.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for monitoring frame alignment status and correcting misalignment for film in a stereoscopic 3D projection system, in which gap indicia are provided onto the film in a gap between images, whether the images belong to the same frame or different adjacent frames. Thus, gap indicia are positioned in at least one of an interframe gap and an intraframe gap of the stereoscopic film. During projection of the film, presence or absence of the gap indicia is used to determine a frame alignment status. Frame misalignment is then easily diagnosed and corrected. Characteristics of the gap indicia are modified for improving frame alignment diagnosis.

Abstract: A method includes impacting at least one identifier on a section of passing film for identifying the film as a source for content copied from the film.

Abstract: A method for identifying film includes locating a visual identifier proximally to perforations on a film length. Preferably, the visual identifier is located between perforations on the film proximal to an edge distal from a soundtrack on the film.

Abstract: An image-recording medium and methods and apparatuses for providing the image-recording medium are provided. In accordance with the method, the image-recording medium is segmented and at least one identifying mark that identifies each segment of the image-recording medium is provided in an image recording area of the image-recording medium. A tracking encodement is provided that has tracking data that identifies each segment, with each tracking encodement being provided in an area of the image recording medium that does not record images. Information is stored in a database that associates the tracking data in the tracking encodement with the identifying mark.

Abstract: A motion picture code evaluator applicable to motion picture codes such as a scalability code, PB frame code and multi-object code is to be provided.

Abstract: A motion picture code evaluator evaluates a transmitted motion picture based on losses caused by a transmission means. The evaluator includes means for testing the frame header of the motion picture code and determining the presence/absence of an error in the frame header to calculate the frame loss ratio per predetermined time. The evaluator further includes means for extracting a motion picture coding parameter contained in the frame header and detecting a variation in the motion picture coding parameter in the predetermined time, and means for summing the motion picture coding parameter and the motion picture coding parameter weighted by the variation in a motion picture coding parameter in the predetermined time to calculate an ideal motion picture information amount in a predetermined time. The motion picture code evaluator thereby obtains an actual motion picture information amount by multiplying the ideal motion picture information amount by 1-frame loss ratio.

Abstract: A digital time code is printed in an area of a motion picture film, between the normal analog optical sound track and the picture frames, that is exposed along with the sound track when a print is made. This area is partially redeveloped, and normally reserved to isolate the analog sound track from the picture frames. Digital audio for the motion picture is stored in a large capacity high integrity archival digital storage system. The time codes corresponding to known locations on the film are read as the film is played, and in an anticipatory pass the digital audio signals for these frames are transferred to a fast access data storage buffer which temporarily stores the data before it is converted to analog format for theater play. The time code is read with light that is absorbed by the film dyes produced when the film is developed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the positioning of a filmstrip in a film scanning gate using signal states derived from a pair of spaced film sprocket holes or perforation ("perf") sensors on either side of the film scanning gate in conjunction with line scan counts and filmstrip drive, stepper motor half-step counts. The filmstrip is advanced by the stepper motor in a pre-scan operation through the film scanning gate for line scanning the image frames at a low resolution and advanced in the reverse direction back into the film scanning gate for high resolution scanning in a main-scan operation. A line scan array of line scan counts and half-step counts as well as first and second perf arrays of half-step counts and perf sensor states are generated in the pre-scan operation. Image frame borders are located in the pre-scan operation as border line scan counts and correlated in the line scan array to the half step counts to go to in the main-scan.

Abstract: The present invention is a method of applying variable, momentous production information to each frame of a continuous visual image medium at the instant of use or after use, without interfering with the formation or display of the normal visual image on the same frame. The recorded production information become absolute reference points on the continuous visual image medium, enabling fast and accurate identification and retrieval at a later date. The method addresses various needs in an ever increasing market ranging from major motion pictures to home videos. The present invention is also a system of recording or retrieving the production information on each frame of a continuous visual image medium. The system includes the actual hardware for the writing and reading of the index code, and the software necessary to decode the code and translate it into useful and user readable information.

Abstract: A photographic printing apparatus in which images recorded on a photographic film are printed onto a photographic paper as printed images of print sizes of different aspect ratios and in which a printed photographic paper is conveyed distances corresponding to the print sizes and is cut. Indications symbolizing the print sizes are recorded at the photographic paper. The print sizes are identified by detection of the indications. Areas of the photographic paper in which the indications are detected based on identified print sizes are controlled. Mistakes in cutting can thereby be prevented.

Abstract: A digital sound system for motion picture films employs a digital time code on the film to trigger the transfer of sound data from a digital audio store to a FIFO memory. The digital audio data is read out from the FIFO memory and played back in the theater at a constant rate, with any jumps in the digital time code handled by making a corresponding jump within the digital audio store but not in the FIFO memory. Readout from the FIFO memory and clocking of the digital-to-analog converters (DACs) used for theater playback is synchronized to the AC mains that powers the theater projector, and thus allows for an uninterrupted audio playback even if time code entries on the film are obliterated. The FIFO memory need only have enough capacity to accommodate the maximum audio store access time, and can be quite small.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a photographic film strip. Information exchange between various users of the film such as, for example, the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher, is facilitated by plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film that begin and end within individual frames. Each track is dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of parameters relating to the corresponding frame, for easy access by a particular one of the various users. Each user has the capability to read and/or write information in self-identifying data fields in the corresponding tracks.

Abstract: A motion picture film monitor structured and operated in the film path of a film projector, having a plurality of film support rollers for supporting the film as it passes adjacent a plurality of sensors. The plurality of sensors includes at least one proximity sensor positioned preferably adjacent one of the guide rollers and when more than one proximity sensor is spaced closely to each other, a different frequency is used by each proximity sensor. In addition, an optical film presence detector including a light emitter and a light sensor is positioned adjacent another support roller such that when the film passes the film presence detector, it is supported by the roller. A film motion detector using a similar optical system is positioned adjacent one of the support rollers which supports the film in close proximity to the sensor. Electronic circuitry and connections therefore, are structured to allow for a logically configured and miniaturized monitor.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a photographic film. Information exchange between various users of the film, such as the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher, is carried via plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film, each track being dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of related parameters. The tracks are divided into data fields. A data field includes a virtual identification code and a plurality of sub-fields representative of different parameters. The virtual identification code serves as an address to corresponding stored instructions which identify and interpret the data in the corresponding sub-fields. Look-up tables addressed by said virtual identification codes can include bit-map instructions, state identifier instructions, and/or scaling algorithm instructions.

Abstract: A digital cue system for use with a motion picture projector permits activation of control functions in time synchronization with the passage through the projector of indicia or cues attached to the motion picture film. Each cue comprises one or more cue appliques arranged to form a digital code pattern which is detected to activate a control function associated therewith. In an exemplary embodiment, the cue appliques are metallic foils adhesively attached to the motion picture film. Passage of these appliques through the motion picture projector is detected by one or more non-contacting proximity detectors which generate signals indicative of the digital code patterns. Digital circuitry processes the signals output from the proximity detectors to determine the digital code corresponding to each pattern and a specific control function associated with that digital code is then activated.

Abstract: A signal conditioner is provided for the output of a digital sound source in a dual digital/analog motion picture theater sound system so that the digitally derived audio signal emulates the analog sound track signal. This allows the digital source to be easily integrated into the overall sound system, without displacing the existing analog sound track system. The theater sound playback mechanism is provided with the conditioned audio signal when the digital sound source is actuated, and receives the analog sound track signal at other times. The conditioning circuit includes an adjustable impedance to match the current from the digital sound source to the current from the analog sound track reader, a high frequency variable signal adjuster that is complimentary to a high frequency emphasis built into the theater playback system, and an optional subwoof output.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a photographic film strip. Information exchange between various users of the film such as, for example, the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher, is facilitated by plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film that begin and end within individual frames. Each track is dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of parameters relating to the corresponding frame, for easy access by a particular one of the various users. Each user has the capability to read and/or write informaton in self-identifying data fields in the corresponding tracks.

Abstract: A method of using only the audio track, for automatically implanting (in both forward and reverse printing) sequential identification film numbers as an integral part of the film, (both new and existing), with no change to the film or printing process and which is unnoticed by the viewer or listener. Any copy (direct print or broadcast) of such film will bear the exact same traceable identification number. The many applications comprise: proof of broadcast and cable transmission for programs and commercials; royalty data:movies, juke boxes, etc.; residuals data for musicians and actors; apprehension of illegal copiers.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a color negative film. Information exchange between various users of the film--such as (for example) the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher--is carried vai plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film that being and end within each individual frame. Each track is dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of parameters relating to the corresponding frame. The photofinisher-dedicated tracks fill the image-bearing area of each frame. The film has only a single film perforation along one edge for each frame. The camera-dedicated tracks lie along the edges of the film between the film perforations. Each track begins and ends within a single frame, and is divided into a plurality of fields.

Abstract: A still camera having a marking mechanism for forming a message or title along one edge of each picture taken by the camera. The marking mechanism is preferably a dot matrix printer synchronized with the motor that advances the film after each picture-taking event. During the film-advance period the printer mechanism operates automatically to form a message (title) on the previously-taken picture. A manual keyboard is provided to select (vary) the message.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a color negative film. Information exchange between various users of the film--such as the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher--is carried via plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film, each track being dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of related parameters. The photofinisher13 dedicated track locations fill the exposed image area of each frame. The camera-dedicated tracks lie along the edges of the film between the film perforations, the perforations being widely spaced for this purpose. The order entry process of the invention responds to data on the dedicated magnetic tracks on the film to govern the process and to store data governing order entry and photofinishing.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a color negative film. Information exchange between various users of the film--such as (for example) the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher--is carried via plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film that begin and end in individual frames. Each track is dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of parameters related to the corresponding frame. All data is recorded as N-bit character where N is preferably six. Each track is preceeded by certain six-bit character called an ID sentinel. On-film magnetic data recording by the film manufacturer uses an ID sentinel different from that employed in the camera. The camera automatically prevents exposure of any frame bearing a camera ID sentinel, thus providing protection from double exposures.

Abstract: The inventon relates to a method and apparatus for marking or recording patient-related information and other necessary data in connection with X-ray imaging on a certain section of a film (6) by using a marking apparatus (2) which is movable relative to film (6). In the method, markings are made latent on film (6) in a manner that the markings become visible in connection with film development. The marking is effected as a sequence, line-directed deviation of a marking being obtained by moving the marking apparatus and the film relative to each other. The marking apparatus (2) used in the method is provided with marking elements which are brought into contact with film (6) for producing a marking on film (6), vertical deviation of alphanumerical marks included in a marking being achieved by individually controlling the operation of each marking element included in the marking apparatus.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a color negative film. Information exchange between various users of the film--such as (for example) the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher--is carried via plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film that begin and end in individual frames. Each track is dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of parameters related to the corresponding frame. The photofinisher-dedicated tracts fill the exposed image area of each frame. The camera-dedicated tracks lie along the edges of the film between the film perforations, the perforations being widely spaced for this purpose. All data is recorded on the film using a novel self-clocking code which is completely self-clocking, in order to provide automatic data synchronization between the various users without requiring that any of them to transport the film at the same speed or even at a uniform speed when reading and writing.

Abstract: A virtually transparent magnetic layer is included as an additional layer in a color negative film. Information exchange between various users of the film--such as (for example) the film manufacturer, the camera user, the dealer and photofinisher--is carried via plural longitudinal magnetic tracks on the film, each track being dedicated to the writing and reading of a predetermined set of related parameters. The photofinisher-dedicated track locations fill the exposed image area of each frame. The camera-dedicated tracks lie along the edges of the film between the film perforations, the perforations being widely spaced for this purpose. All data is recorded as individual pieces of information individually identified by virtual data identifiers so as to minimize the recording overhead of non-information-bearing data.

Abstract: A method of high speed recording of images and of information associated with the images by means of a motion picture camera (10) for high speed shooting, the camera being equipped with an image pulse generator, and the method comprising the following steps during shooting: acquiring and storing the information associated with the images in a large capacity fast access memory (32) at the image rate under the control of the image pulses generated by said camera image pulse generator; and electro-optically writing at least one reference signal on the motion picture film beside the image corresponding to the first stored information.

Abstract: A film cassette contains a film spool which is rotatable in an unwinding direction to propel a filmstrip including an integral film leader out of the cassette and is rotatable in a winding direction to wind the filmstrip including its film leader back into the cassette. The film leader has a magnetic area on which alterable data can be magnetically written and read to indicate whether the filmstrip is completely exposed or is only partially exposed. Thus, when the film leader is wound into the cassette the data will be protected and when the film leader is propelled from the cassette the data will be made accessible to read and alter it.

Abstract: A method of operating a photographic camera to provide exposure information in association with a latent image picture frame includes the step of automatically providing a nominal exposure for the picture frame. An operator-selected exposure is provided for the picture frame which differs from the nominal exposure by a known under- or over-exposure. The picture frame is exposed in accordance with the operator-selected exposure, and data is recorded in association with the picture frame indicating the difference between the nominal and operator-selected exposures. A method of operating a photographic printing system is provided, responsive to the recorded data, for marking a photographic print to indicate to an observer the under- or over-exposure of the negative. A method of operating a transparency processing system is provided wherein, responsive to the recorded data, the slide mount is marked with the under- or over-exposure.

Abstract: Apparatus for marking the edge of a film particularly for identifying head and tail sections of film strips joined by a splice comprising a holder with a channel-like film guide in which the film may be inserted for longitudinal movement and a hole for a pen-type applicator positioned so that as the film is moved lengthwise through the guide one edge of the film is wiped across the tip of the applicator so that a continuous ink or dye mark is applied to the film edge which appears as a ring on the side of the film when it is wound onto a reel.

Abstract: An apparatus and related method for recording a continuous digital time code on motion picture film as it is advanced intermittently by a motion picture camera. The apparatus controllably adjusts the time durations of the successive bits of the signal it records, to compensate for the variable velocity profile of the intermittently advancing film. As a result, the apparatus records the time code signal as a continuous signal with a uniform time base, even though the film is being moved in an intermittent and non-uniform fashion.

Abstract: A film identification method comprises the steps of providing an undeveloped photographic film with first exposure identification indicia positioned adjacent to the exposure zone of the film, and providing the film with second exposure identification indicia, corresponding to the first identification indicia, positioned within the exposure zone of the film. Additionally, a film roll identification indicia may be provided to identify the particular roll of film from which the exposures originated.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for producing a transmission barrier for inhibiting propagation of light into still unimaged transparent portions of microfiche recording system intermediate film strips by light-piping action are described. The barrier serves to optically isolate the subsequently-to-be-imaged still unexposed portion of the film strip in a dispensing film head from the illumination used to transfer the previously developed image on the exposed portion of the strip onto a permanent recording medium, such as a microfiche film card. In one exemplary form of the invention, the barrier regions are photographically produced dark bands or lines between the longitudinally spaced areas of the film strip to be imaged. These bands or lines are preferably created as latent images during the initial exposure of the intermediate film and subsequently developed at the same time as the record image.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus for marking strip material such as cinematographic film, the apparatus comprising means for feeding the film from a film supply station to a film take-up station via a printing station, means for feeding a tape carrying transferable marking material from a tape supply station to a tape take-up station via the printing station, said printing station including two movable members one carrying a printing block and the other carrying a back-up platen, the apparatus being arranged such that at said printing station the film and tape move between said two members in a superimposed relationship and such that when the printing block and platen are moved into co-operating, adjacent, relationship, selected print elements on the printing block causing marking material to be transferred from the tape to the strip material thereby to mark or print the strip material with data indicated by the selected print elements.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a variable pulse width code of at lt three binary coded decimal digits at a rate sufficiently greater than the film speed of a movie camera to cause a single light source in the camera to record in a continuous sequence all the bits of the three digits on the edge of a film in the camera adjacent each frame.

Abstract: The Disclosure is directed to a new method of edge marking recordable webs such as audio and/or video tape. A running tape length is initially established between supply and take-up reels. The running path length is intermittently displaced, parallel to the recording surface, which results in a plurality of spaced, concentric, arcuate wrap segments on the take-up reel whose side edges project beyond the side edges of the remainder of the wraps. The side edges of the projecting wrap segments are then marked in any desired manner such as by bringing the same into marking engagement with a printing or marking die whose approach to the wound take-up reel is limited to insure that the non-projecting wraps are not marked.

Abstract: A pair of signals optically different in consistency is placed on an image information recording film to be projected. A projector is provided with at least a pair of light detection elements in a position where signals may be detected. The difference between outputs from the elements is utilized as a detection signal. The above-described signals are detected by way of an ordinary speed of the film so as to automatically switch the projection mode thereof to other projection modes, such as a still projection mode, a slow motion projection mode, a fading projection mode, and still projection mode for the search and after the search. For this purpose there are provided with a control circuit for processing the output of the detection element and a drive mechanism for providing the respective projection mode in response to the output signal from the control circuit.