Abstract: The optical device comprises a lighting unit with two light sources (1) with reflectors (2), whose optical axes (11) are inclined towards one another, with prism pairs (3, 4) for forming two parallel image channels (10, 11) arranged in the optical path and a supplementary lens arranged after a basic optical (12) of a commercial projector for the lateral expansion of the linearly compressed individual images and lenses (A, B, C) for the distortion-free superwide angle imaging of the image pairs on a spherically curved surface. By means of this optical device, a normal commercially available cine projector can be upgraded to a projection apparatus for stereoscopic, linear anamorphotically compressed image pairs on an extremely large, spherically curved wide-screen surface.

Abstract: In the disclosed three-dimensional image display apparatus, a projecting system projects images having parallax information onto a screen. The screen is composed of a plurality of corner reflectors each composed of three intersecting reflecting surfaces, two of which are flat and intersect at right angles to each other in a line perpendicular to a parallax direction of said images and the other one of which is cylindrical with respect to said parallax direction and at right angles to said two surfaces to be placed in optically identical angular relation to said two surfaces. A mask shields the area around the projecting system so that only light reflected transverse to the parallax can be viewed.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of producing a parallax stereogram, i.e., free vision stereogram, and particularly for the accurate registration of a plurality of film images in order to ensure stereographic reproduction. The images on a film strip are optically viewed to establish homologous points for each film frame image. In one embodiment two images are optically superimposed to establish a stereo base distance. Each film frame is marked in accordance with the homologous points or stereo base distance. The marking may be mechanical or optically generated. Each film frame is thereafter aligned or sensed while in an enlarger, the marks establishing the accurate registration of each frame. Each film frame is exposed onto a photosensitive material using a movable line grid. A lenticular screen is superimposed over the developed picture to form the stereoscopic photograph.

Abstract: An audio-visual cartridge containing two coplanar adjacent rotatable discs, a visual disc carrying a plurality of picture transparencies mounted in a ring for successive viewing and an audio disc having sound recording tracks on a face thereof for individual sound recordings corresponding to transparencies, the cartridge being in the form of a flat envelope having a first and second internal compartment disposed in coplanar relation for accommodating the discs. An apparatus for reproducing recordings while a user views transparencies on discs contained in an audio-visual cartridge is provided with a manual selector for rotating the visual disc and a motor drive for rotating the audio disc, an optical viewer for reading the transparencies, an audio device for reading sound tracks and reproducing recordings and a circuit and mechanism for coordinating the rotation of the discs so that individual recordings corresponding to transparencies are reproduced while the corresponding transparencies are being viewed.

Abstract: This invention is an improved synchronized autostereoscopic display device whereby luminous images originating from any transmittance media capable of pictoral image display are both projected from separate fixed positions, each originating from its respective barrier grid cylinder, which said images are gathered by an optical assembly and conveyed by a rotating mirror assembly to a rear-view screen. This vertical picture plane rotates horizontally at high speed enabling each observer the reception of an autostereoscopic image when a complete left and right eye image is viewed by each appropriate eye at interocular distance through a spinning synchronized image separating barrier.The invention provides full freedom and choice of seating arrangement within a volumetric audience viewing zone which is perceptually devoid of psuedoscopy.

Abstract: Development of a three-dimensional illusion through sequential displaying on a viewing surface of images of the subject as viewed alternatively first from one point of origin and then, time displaced, from another point of origin at a rate within a range of 4 to 30 changes between the points of origin per second. The effect of the illusion is maximized by having the points of origin vertically aligned with respect to one another and having the points of origin displaced from one another a distance less than normal interoccular distance.

Abstract: In the disclosed three-dimensional image display apparatus, a projecting system projects images having parallax information onto a screen. The screen is composed of a plurality of corner reflectors each composed of three intersecting reflecting surfaces, two of which are flat and intersect at right angles to each other in a line perpendicular to a parallax direction of said images and the other one of which is cylindrical with respect to said parallax direction and at right angles to said two surfaces to be placed in optically identical angular relation to said two surfaces. A mask shields the area around the projecting system so that only light reflected transverse to the parallax can be viewed.

Abstract: A stereoscopic picture viewing system having pairs of precisely aligned stereoscopic images arranged in rows on image carriers, with at least two pairs of images on each row, and with one image of each pair located between the two images of a different pair. In one embodiment, the image carriers are circular disks, with the image rows extending radially, and preferably having supplementary key indications at the inner radial ends of each row and in the spaces between the outer ends of successive rows. In another embodiment, the image carriers are long strips of wide film, either still film strips or motion picture film, with the image rows extending transversely across the width of the film strip.

Abstract: A three-dimensional photographic system includes a source of pulsed-optical radiation characterized by an output optical pulse of risetime length less than the depth resolution desired of an object to be photographed. The pulse is directed on the object; the reflected radiation from the object is collected by an array of optical lenslets (lenticular plate), which forms a corresponding array of images of the object. This array of images is streaked, for example, by a streaking image converter tube, to form a corresponding array of streaked images in accordance with the said array of images of the object as a function of time. The array of streaked images is then recorded by a photographic film camera on other recording means; the recorded film can then be analyzed or viewed with human eyes for the purpose of three-dimensional analysis or viewing of the object.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to an apparatus for receiving a plurality of two-dimensional images and for generating a three-dimensional display from these images. The plurality of two-dimensional images will typically represent different image planes of a desired three-dimensional image. The two-dimensional images may be still pictures, transparencies, motion pictures or images generated by any suitable means. In accordance with the invention, a plurality of flat screen fiber optical magnification units are provided. Each unit includes an input surface defined by the input ends of a multiplicity of fiber optical strands which extend rearwardly and then sidewardly from the input surface and terminate at their output ends which define an output surface that is perpendicular to the input surface. The strands of each unit are supported in a transparent support medium. The image magnification units are disposed one-behind-another with their output surfaces in substantially parallel relationship.

Abstract: Spaced-apart light sources, a screen and means for restricting light from each source to separate eyes of each observer cause perception of a seemingly solid or three-dimensional shadow of an object or objects. The shadow is detached from the object and does not necessarily appear to be in the plane of the screen but may be perceived as floating in space in front of the observers. The seemingly solid shadows of objects including active human performers or even an observer may be caused to appear to be within the context of a previously filmed 3D still or motion picture scene. The system may be used for purposes additional to creating unique entertainment effects.

Abstract: A stereo relief modelling apparatus based on photogrammetric method and apparatus comprising a flexible platen, used with standard stereo plotting instrumentation such as double-projection direct-viewing plotting instruments. The purpose of the flexible platen is to provide an absolute stereo image for photographic, modelling and other purposes. The flexible platen, which is of sufficient size to provide a meaningful mapping surface, is vertically adjustable at a multiplicity of points by mechanical, pneumatic, electro-mechanical, fully automated, or other means to provide an actual model-like three-dimensional photographic or modelling surface to enable relief distortion from aerial photographs to be effectively eliminated in planimetric photographs which are taken of the adjusted flexible platen, or models molded on the adjusted flexible platen, upon which the aerial images are projected. Modelling is facilitated by situating the platen inside a sealable vacuum box from which the air is removable.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling the interaction of light sources to produce a decodable composite image which image may have three dimensional characteristics and including color filterization and light control biologically producing depth and measurement thereof.

Abstract: In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, autostereoscopic pictures are produced by projecting a series of two-dimensional views of an object field onto a lenticular screen. Substantially uninterrupted and non-overlapping condensed, or lineiform, images of the two-dimensional views are formed beneath each lenticule of the lenticular screen by setting the number M of these images in the image band beneath each lenticule, and hence the total number of two-dimensional views projected, equal to w/m, where w is the lenticule width and m is the width of each condensed image. In order to project the required number M of two-dimensional views while avoiding gaps between adjacent condensed images, the projection lenses and the associated film frames are positioned along a plurality of adjacent, parallel, straight lines in a manner such that the apertures of the lenses are effectively in edge-to-edge contiguous relation.

Abstract: A photographic camera for three dimension photography. A housing has an opening to the interior for light rays. Photosensitive material is located in communication with the interior of the housing at a location during exposure time. Optics in the housing project light rays, which are received through the opening from a scene to be photographed, along an optical path to the location for the photosensitive material. The path has a first position therealong. The optics comprise a lenticular screen extending across the path at a a second position farther along the path from the first position and have, on one side, a plurality of elongated lenticular elements which face in the direction from which the light rays are being projected and have an opposite side facing in position for contact with the surface of the located photosensitive material.

Abstract: In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, autostereoscopic pictures are produced by projecting a series of two-dimensional views of an object field onto a lenticular screen. Substantially uninterrupted and non-overlapping condensed, or lineiform, images of the two-dimensional views are formed beneath each lenticule of the lenticular screen by setting the number M of these images in the image band beneath each lenticule, and hence the total number of two-dimensional views projected, equal to w/m, where w is the lenticule width and m is the width of each condensed image. In order to project the required number M of two-dimensional views while avoiding gaps between adjacent condensed images, the projection lenses and the associated film frames are positioned along a plurality of adjacent, parallel, straight lines in a manner such that the apertures of the lenses are effectively in edge-to-edge contiguous relation.

Abstract: In the exemplary embodiments of the invention disclosed, a system especially adapted for producing stereoscopic pictures in general photography includes a camera having a plurality of lenses aligned in a row with the optical axes substantially in parallel and the endmost lenses spaced apart by a distance that is productive of a three-dimensional depth of field in the system which matches or exceeds the two-dimensional depth of field of the camera lenses at least under average photographic conditions. Such matching of the two and three-dimensional depths of field, where the limits of the two-dimensional depth of field are based on the lenticule width w of the stereoscopic picture, provide sharply focused, solid stereoscopic images of all objects within the two-dimensional capabilities of the camera lens.

Abstract: A stereo image projection system in which one or a plurality of original pictures are projected onto a plate-shaped optical element. The element changes an incident beam to a beam of prescribed shape with a diffusion angle of more than 10.degree. in one direction and with a diffusion angle of less than 20.degree. in another direction perpendicular to the one direction.

Abstract: An improved system is provided for converting monocular microscopes to the stereoscopic mode with the aid of polarizing filters or color filters. The embodiment of the system illustrated herein includes means by which the specimen under examination can be viewed by stereo projection. The system may include means by which stereo photomicrography on black-and-white or color film can be easily and effectively accomplished; and it may include means for transmitting stereo microscopic images by television.

Abstract: In an apparatus for viewing an enlarged image there are provided means adapted to project an image onto a reflective surface which in turn projects the image onto a moving screen. The angle of projection of the image onto the screen is maintained less than 10.degree. from normal to avoid distortion. The moving screen comprises a flexible laminate having at least a lenticular like surface and a highly reflective surface which is rotated at high speeds causing the screen to assume a very flat plane of rotation without vibration.

Abstract: Photographic apparatus employing a single color filter for use in conjunction with a camera to produce a decodable composite image of a scene, which image has a three dimensional quality when decoded. The composite image is formed of two images, each image representing the scene from a different line of sight.

Abstract: A single field mirror serves as a relay for paired images being magnified by a stereo magnifier from an object to a spatial location removed from the field mirror for remote stereo viewing. A simple or compound stereo magnifier or microscope having paired optical paths receives the image of the object for each ocular path and projects each image to the plane of the single field mirror. The ocular path for each eye between the object and paired eyes of the viewer is routed off axis from the mirror in two aspects, typically by a periscoping system. The left eye path approaches the field mirror typically below and from the right of the field mirror axis; the right eye path approaches the field mirror typically below and from the left of the field mirror axis. Upon impingement and reflection of the routed eye paths at the field mirror, reversal of the routed eye paths occurs to remotely reflect a stereo magnified image with binocular image parity for remote view.