Abstract: An exposure apparatus configured to expose a substrate to light from a solid-state light emitting element, includes an illumination optical system configured to illuminate a mask with the light, and a projection optical system configured to project an image of a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, wherein a pupil plane intensity distribution, which is a light intensity distribution on a pupil plane included in the illumination optical system and optically conjugated with a light emission plane of the solid-state light emitting element, is a light intensity distribution in which a maximum intensity is achieved outside an optical axis of the illumination optical system, and wherein the pupil plane intensity distribution is a light intensity distribution on the pupil plane onto which a light emission distribution of the light emission plane is projected with a predetermined magnification.

Abstract: A spectral imaging device (12) includes an image sensor (28), a tunable light source (14), an optical assembly (17), and a control system (30). The optical assembly (17) includes a first refractive element (24A) and a second refractive element (24B) that are spaced apart from one another by a first separation distance. The refractive elements (24A) (24B) have an element optical thickness and a Fourier space component of the optical frequency dependent transmittance function. Further, the element optical thickness of each refractive element (24A) (24B) and the first separation distance are set such that the Fourier space components of the optical frequency dependent transmittance function of each refractive element (24A) (24B) fall outside a Fourier space measurement passband.

Abstract: A spectral imaging device (12) for generating an image (13A) of a sample (10) includes (i) an image sensor (30); (ii) a tunable light source (14) that generates an illumination beam (16) that is directed at the sample (10); (iii) an optical assembly (22) that collects light from the sample (10) and forms an image of the sample (10) on the image sensor (30); and (iv) a control system (32) that controls the tunable light source (14) and the image sensor (30). During a time segment, the control system (32) (i) controls the tunable light source (14) so that the illumination beam (16) has a center wavenumber that is modulated through a first target wavenumber with a first modulation rate; and (ii) controls the image sensor (30) to capture at least one first image at a first frame rate. Further, the first modulation rate is equal to or greater than the first frame rate.

Abstract: A lens-less digital holographic microscope, a reflective digital holographic microscope, and a digital holographic microscope including a plurality of lenses. In one example, the digital holographic microscope includes a single mode fiber collimated light source which provides illumination for both the ‘science’ and ‘reference’ arms, a pair of microscope objectives located side-by side, and illuminated by the common beam, a relay lens whose center is between the two objectives, and a focal plane element where the interference pattern is measured.

Abstract: A mask and an optical filter manufacturing apparatus having the same are provided. The optical filter manufacturing apparatus includes a roll used in a roll-to-roll process, a base film wound around the roll, a light source that generates light for exposure, a polarizing plate that is installed at an emission side of the light source and polarizes light generated from the light source, and a mask that causes a pattern to be formed on the base film and includes a plurality of guide slits that are opened to have a predetermined thickness and a predetermined width. According to the present invention, the entire surface of the base film can be irradiated with a uniform light quantity. Thus, a pattern can be uniformly formed on the base film, the quality of a product can be improved, and the characteristics of the base film can be accurately realized.

Abstract: A system and method may utilize holography to facilitate fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and lithography. The system may include a light source, a hologram of an original object or lithographic pattern recorded in a holographic medium, and a target such as a reservoir of photosensitive material or a photosensitive material attached to a substrate. Illuminating the hologram with the appropriate light source may cause a holographic image of the original object or lithographic pattern to form on the photosensitive material within the reservoir or on the substrate. Formation of the holographic image may result in the formation of a new object from the photosensitive material, or may facilitate removal or retention of photosensitive material as part of a lithographic process.

Abstract: A system and method may utilize holography to facilitate fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and lithography. The system may include a light source, a hologram of an original object or lithographic pattern recorded in a holographic medium, and a target such as a reservoir of photosensitive material or a photosensitive material attached to a substrate. Illuminating the hologram with the appropriate light source may cause a holographic image of the original object or lithographic pattern to form on the photosensitive material within the reservoir or on the substrate. Formation of the holographic image may result in the formation of a new object from the photosensitive material, or may facilitate removal or retention of photosensitive material as part of a lithographic process.

Abstract: A digital holographic apparatus, system, and method are disclosed. The apparatus includes an electronic display device comprising an interferometric spatial light modulator based display engine and a processor coupled to the electronic display device. The processor is operative to upload digital content to the electronic display device. The digital content is displayed on the electronic display device and is recorded into a holographic medium when the holographic medium and the electronic display device are flood exposed by a laser generated light beam. The system additionally includes at least one laser coupled optically coupled to the electronic display device and communicatively coupled to the processor. A method of recording a digital hologram in a holographic medium using the digital holographic system also is disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing a material with anisotropic optical properties, the method comprising: fabricating a patterned mask with alternating opaque and transparent regions; assembling a stack containing one or more layers of photosensitive material; and exposing the photosensitive material through the mask to photographically reproduce the pattern or its inverse. This photographic copying process yields a reproduction which is inherently well-registered to the mask's pattern, and the resulting registered patterns allow transmission in some directions whilst blocking transmission in other directions.

Abstract: A method and a device are described for producing copies/replica of a volume reflection hologram wherein a holographic film (4) is guided over a drum with polygon cross-section having at least two planar (polygon) master surfaces (3) to each of which at least one master (7) is attached in the circumferential direction, where the film is brought into contact with at least one master hologram (7) and its entire surface is exposed to laser. It is essential that to at least one of the master surfaces (5) with the film guided over it, a laser exposure unit (22) is assigned which allows full exposure of the respective master surface to parallel, coherent laser beams (6), and that the at least one exposure unit (22) follows section wise the rotational movement of the drum by a splitting angle with equal velocity and exposes the corresponding master surface (5) to then be reset quickly again and perform the same angular displacement and exposure together with the next master surface.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a vector wave recording medium which: has an information recording layer comprising a photo-induced birefringence material; irradiates a recording signal light of a first polarization state, and a recording reference light of a second polarization state that differs to the first polarization state; and carries out vector wave multiplex recording by holography on the information recording layer. The vector wave recording medium is configured in such a manner that ?min/?max=0.1 is satisfied, where, assuming irradiation energy for the recording signal light and the recording reference light is constant, the maximum value of the diffraction efficiency of a playback signal light from diffraction gratings corresponding to information recorded in the information recording layer after the vector wave multiplex recording has been carried out by holography on the information recording layer, is regarded as ?max, and the minimum value is regarded as ?min.

Abstract: A device for producing a reflection hologram by means of a master, which is formed by a substrate on which a saw-toothed shaped structure is formed by molding, mechanical or lithographical methods. The structure has a reflective finish, such that the desired surface is produced on the structure. The light of a laser light source is expanded by means of an optical device, thus enabling a beam having a predetermined beam width to be obtained. The beam radiates the master and is reflected by the structure at an angle ? in relation to the incident beam. Above the smooth surface arranged over the structure a photopolymer-film, containing a photo-sensitive layer that is disposed at a distance in relation to the structure, is arranged and the reflection hologram is produced in the photo-sensitive layer.

Abstract: A method and a device are described for producing copies/replica of a volume reflection hologram wherein a holographic film (4) is guided over a drum with polygon cross-section having at least two planar (polygon) master surfaces (3) to each of which at least one master (7) is attached in the circumferential direction, where the film is brought into contact with at least one master hologram (7) and its entire surface is exposed to laser. It is essential that to at least one of the master surfaces (5) with the film guided over it, a laser exposure unit (22) is assigned which allows full exposure of the respective master surface to parallel, coherent laser beams (6), and that the at least one exposure unit (22) follows section wise the rotational movement of the drum by a splitting angle with equal velocity and exposes the corresponding master surface (5) to then be reset quickly again and perform the same angular displacement and exposure together with the next master surface.

Abstract: An image display is to be transferred from a support onto a substrate and displays an image including personal information. The image display includes a base layer releasably supported by the support and having a light-transmitting property, and an image display layer including a hologram and/or diffraction grating and transferred onto the base layer by a thermal transfer method using a thermal head. The image display layer displays an image including at least a piece of the personal information. An individual authentication medium including the image display, and manufacturing methods of the image display and individual authentication medium are also described.

Abstract: A method of forming a hologram image comprising the steps of forming an electrophotographic image by forming an electrophotographic image area on an image support via an electrophotographic image forming method using a toner containing at least a thermoplastic resin; laminating an emboss hologram transferring member over the electrophotographic image so that a surface on which a corrugation profile is formed of the emboss hologram transferring member is in contact with the electrophotographic image area heating the electrophotographic image and the emboss hologram transferring member at a temperature not lower than a softening temperature of the toner while pressurizing the emboss hologram transferring member onto the electrophotographic image; cooling the electrophotographic image and the emboss hologram transferring member, and peeling the emboss hologram transferring member from the electrophotographic image, whereby the corrugation profile of the emboss hologram transferring member is transferred onto the

Abstract: A multicolor hologram (e.g., a two-color hologram) is replicated (copied) into a photosensitive layer by masking to produce a copy (replicate) of the hologram in a manner such that the copy is an accurate and true replication of the hologram (e.g., master hologram) and the copy is characterized to possess a high brightness level and color fidelity comparable to that of the multicolor hologram that was replicated. Both flood and scan modes can be employed in the replication.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (1) for producing a reflection hologram (RH) by means of a master (3) which is formed by a substrate (4) on which a saw-toothed shaped structure (5) is formed by moulding, mechanical or lithographical methods. Said structure (5) has a reflective finish, is reflective or is metallised and is subsequently filled with a transparent layer (6) or a wavelength-selective layer (6), such that a desired surface is produced on the structure (5). The light of a laser light source (7) is expanded by means of an optical device, for example a lens (8) thus enabling a beam (9) having a predetermined beam width (R) to be obtained. The beam (9) radiates the master (3) and is reflected by the structure (5) at an angle a in relation to the incident beam (9).

Abstract: An exposure apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a substrate in which plural light-emitting devices are arrayed one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally; and a hologram recording layer that is disposed on the substrate, plural holograms being recorded in the hologram recording layer by holographic interference between a first beam and a second beam such that a predetermined number of beam spots are disposed in the hologram recording layer in a predetermined array direction according to a portion of light-emitting devices, the portion of light-emitting devices being selected as emitters from the plural light-emitting devices, the beam spot being formed by a light beam of the second beam, the first beam passing through an optical path of diffusion light that passes through the emitter, the second beam passing through an optical path of convergent light that converges at a predetermined distance outside the optical path of the first beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to holography and is devoted for hologram copying and Denysiuk type hologram manufacture. The method comprises steps, wherein non-exposed photomaterial (1) is placed in parallel to the master hologram plane (3) and is illuminated with slit-shaped coherent radiation producing an illumination zone (5) which is parallel to the projection of the coherent radiation falling direction (6) onto the master hologram plane, said zone is moving on the non-exposed photo material and master hologram surfaces in direction (10) perpendicular to said projection.

Abstract: We describe methods of recording a holographic image onto holographic recording film, film bearing recorded holographic images, and apparatus for recording a holographic image onto film, in particular for security holograms.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus may include a light source generating light; a hologram mask, on which a hologram pattern is formed; and an optical unit movably disposed on the hologram mask to guide the light generated from the light source to the hologram mask. An exposure apparatus may include a light source generating light; a hologram mask, on which a hologram pattern is formed; a prism, separated from the hologram mask, such that one surface of the prism is disposed opposite the hologram mask; and a water supply device to supply water to a space between the prism and the hologram mask.

Abstract: A pulsed multiple colour laser system is disclosed having particular application for incorporation into a digital holographic printer for producing RGB colour reflection holograms. A Nd:YLF crystal 1 in a laser cavity is excited to produce an emission at 1313 nm which is frequency converted by doubling to 656.5 nm and by tripling to 437.7 nm. In a separate cavity a similar Nd:YLF crystal 1a is synchronously or asynchronously excited to produce an emission at 1047.1 nm (or at the related line of 1053 nm) which is frequency converted by doubling to 523.6 nm (or 526.5 nm). The emissions at 437.7 nm and 656.5 nm are combined co-linearly with the emission at 523.6 nm (or 526.5 nm) to produce a single RGB pulsed laser beam.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the production of a multicolor hologram by means of a capture beam, wherein the utilized capture beam (6) has a plurality of beam bundles of the same wavelength. Advantageously, the multicolor hologram is produced by copying the structure of multiple single-color subholograms of a master hologram (1) in a copy layer (5) which is affixed parallel to the master hologram, by illuminating this copy layer with the single-color capture beam. Each beam bundle appears at a prespecified angle of incidence, wherein the angles of incidence are calculated in such a manner that the structure of a corresponding subhologram is produced in the copy layer. this way, a falsification is nearly impossible.

Abstract: A holographic effect generating structure (HEGS), either stand alone or integrated with a security diffractive image, generates a holographic optically varying image by a process of diffraction of light, this image under white light illumination generates a smoothly and continuously variable structureless optically variable apparent motion effect which moves along a pre-determined track within pre-determined limits, the device characterised that it generates 3 planes of images under white light illumination—an image plane image located at or near the image plane corresponding to the real plane of the device which defines the predetermined movement track of the apparent motion effect and its bounds, a second virtual image plane situated away from the image plane of the device forming a virtual viewing zone corresponding at which an observer would be positioned to observe the visual effect and a third image plane, which defines a region where all the light rays from the image plane artwork to the viewing zone p

Abstract: A hologram medium manufacturing method is disclosed. The hologram medium manufacturing method includes: disposing a first pair of master hologram media with a predetermined interval so that the first pair of the master hologram media face each other; forming a master hologram in the master hologram media by irradiating the first pair of the master hologram media with spherical wave light and reference light so that the spherical wave light and the reference light interfere with each other in the master hologram media, the spherical wave light and the reference light having a focal point between the first pair of the master hologram media; disposing a hologram medium between the first pair of the master hologram media; and forming a hologram in the hologram medium by irradiating the first pair of the master hologram media with the reference light.

Abstract: A method for printing a pattern from a hologram mask into a photosensitive layer on a substrate, which method includes arranging the hologram mask on a coupling element, arranging the substrate so that it is substantially parallel with the hologram mask and separated from it by an amount substantially corresponding to the focal distance of the hologram mask, reconstructing the pattern recorded in the hologram mask by scanning an exposure beam of substantially collimated across the hologram mask while continuously measuring the local separation between the hologram mask and substrate in at least two locations where the pattern is being reconstructed by scanning at least two focus beams across the hologram mask, and continuously adjusting the separation and the angle of tilt between the hologram mask and substrate in order that the pattern reconstructed from the hologram mask is accurately focussed onto the photosensitive layer on the substrate.

Abstract: Arrangements are made to enable different original images to be reproduced upon observation from different positions and yet enable reproduced images of high resolution to be obtained. Each of two original images Ia and Ib is defined as a set of point light sources such as P11 and P21 in an XYZ coordinate system. A predetermined recording plane 20, a reference light R, and two observation regions Oa and Ob are set in the coordinate system. An interference fringe pattern, formed on the recording plane by object light components La1 to Lb2, from the point light sources constituting the respective original images, and the reference light R, is determined by computation and is recorded on a physical medium.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus for exposing a pattern of a reticle onto a substrate includes an illumination optical system configured to illuminate the reticle on a target plane to be illuminated using light from a light source, wherein the illumination optical system includes a computer-generated hologram configured to discretely form plural bright spots on a plane that has a Fourier transformation relationship with the target plane when the light that has no angular distribution is incident upon the computer-generated hologram, and an optical element configured to introduce the light that has an angular distribution to the computer-generated hologram.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithograph for producing digital holograms in a storage medium (4), having a light source (6, 10) for producing a write beam (12) with a predefined beam cross section, having a writing lens (14) for focusing the write beam (12) onto the storage medium (4) to be written, the writing lens (14) being arranged in a lens holder (16), and having drive means for the two-dimensional movement of the write beam relative to the storage medium. The technical problem of writing computer-generated holograms as quickly as possible and with little effort by means of optical lithography is solved in that a first drive device (18) is provided for moving the lens holder (16) substantially at right angles to the write beam (12) and in that the aperture of the writing lens (14) is smaller than the beam cross section of the write beam (12). The inventon also relates to a method for the lithographic production of a hologram in a storage medium.

Abstract: A holographic ROM system includes an alignment apparatus for aligning a holographic medium for storing data and a mask with patterns of the data. The alignment apparatus has a beam irradiating unit for irradiating a light beam to alignment marks of the holographic medium and the mask; an alignment mechanism for moving at least one of the holographic medium and the mask in response to a control signal; a photo detecting unit for detecting the beam passing through the alignment marks of the holographic medium and the mask while the holographic medium and/or the mask being moved; and a control unit for generating the control signal, the control unit controlling the alignment mechanism based on intensity of the beam detected by the photo detecting unit.

Abstract: Before recording data included in a data mask on a holographic medium, the data mask and the holographic medium are aligned by an aligner, which includes a beam supplying unit for supplying an incident laser beam; a transferring unit for receiving the incident laser beam and producing a focused laser beam; a reflecting unit including the holographic medium for receiving the focused laser beam through a pinhole and then reflecting the received laser beam back to the pinhole, wherein the reflected laser beam passing through the pinhole returns to the transferring unit and then is converted into a return laser beam by the transferring unit; and a detecting unit for checking the amount of the return laser beam to determine whether the pinhole and the holographic medium are aligned or not.

Abstract: A system for processing a multilayer liquid crystal film display material, with multiple irradiation apparatus (60) for applying a zone of polarized UV irradiation onto a substrate fed from a web (16) with incident light at a desired angle. Each irradiation apparatus (60) includes a UV light source (64), and one or more optional filters (82). A polarizer 90 is provided, sized and arranged to polarize light over the web (16) as it moves. The irradiation apparatus (60) employs an array of louvers (81) and/or a prism array (72). One irradiation apparatus (60) irradiates a first LPP1 layer (22) at a 0-degree alignment, in the web movement direction, the other irradiation apparatus (60) irradiates an LPP2 layer (26) with an orthogonal 90-degree alignment.

Abstract: A system for processing a multilayer liquid crystal film display material, with multiple irradiation apparatus (60) for applying a zone of polarized UV irradiation onto a substrate fed from a web (16) with incident light at a desired angle. Each irradiation apparatus (60) includes a UV light source (64), and one or more optional filters (82). A polarizer 90 is provided, sized and arranged to polarize light over the web (16) as it moves. The irradiation apparatus (60) employs an array of louvers (81) and/or a prism array (72). One irradiation apparatus (60) irradiates a first LPP1 layer (22) at a 0-degree alignment, in the web movement direction, the other irradiation apparatus (60) irradiates an LPP2 layer (26) with an orthogonal 90-degree alignment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a lithograph for producing digital holograms in a storage medium (4), having a light source (6, 10) for producing a write beam (12) with a predefined beam cross section, having a writing lens (14) for focusing the write beam (12) onto the storage medium (4) to be written, the writing lens (14) being arranged in a lens holder (16), and having drive means for the two-dimensional movement of the write beam relative to the storage medium. The technical problem of writing computer-generated holograms as quickly as possible and with little effort by means of optical lithography is solved in that a first drive device (18) is provided for moving the lens holder (16) substantially at right angles to the write beam (12) and in that the aperture of the writing lens (14) is smaller than the beam cross section of the write beam (12).

Abstract: The invention consists in a process which contemplates:

Abstract: The present invention relates to a counterfeit-proof volume hologram multilayer structure capable of securely preventing a counterfeiter from replicating a volume hologram recorded therein. The multilayer structure comprises a transparent surface protective layer, a volume hologram layer, and an adhesive layer which are sequentially laminated and is characterized in that particles having particle diameter of 350 nm or more are dispersed in at least one of the transparent surface protective layer, the volume hologram layer, and the adhesive layer and that the refractive index ratio (nF/nB) is set to be not less than 1.05 or not greater than 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is an illumination system for use in a scanning exposure apparatus, for example, which includes a hologram, an optical system for projecting light from a light source to the hologram, a slit disposed at a predetermined position where slit-like light is formed by the hologram or at a position adjacent thereto, and an imaging optical system for illuminating a surface to be illuminated, by use of light passing through an opening of the slit.

Abstract: A three-dimensional photo mask is formed from a substrate having a first side and a three-dimensional side. A hologram is provided on the first side of the substrate. The three-dimensional side of the substrate has a photosensitive resist material provided thereon. The hologram includes information that defines features to be imaged onto the photosensitive resist material. A method and a system are disclosed for producing the three-dimensional mask.

Abstract: A technique for fixedly positioning a holographic recording laminate relative to a master hologram including the steps of inducing a electrostatic charge on the holographic recording laminate and positioning the recording laminate in close proximity to the master hologram such that the electrostatic charge on the recording laminate causes a static attraction between the recording laminate and the master hologram that retains the recording laminate in a fixed position relative to the master hologram.

Abstract: A holographic display module is incorporated into a machine with independently operating subsystems, and used to provide an indication of the status or location of the machine subsystems. In one embodiment, a xerographic copier incorporates a holographic display incorporating an outline of the machine. A liquid crystal panel is aligned with the holographic display and selectively addressed in conjunction with signals from the copier subsystems. An illumination subsystem is optimized to provide diffuse illumination of the display.

Abstract: A multi-faceted holographic disk can be copied in a one-step process by using a source disk, actually a sandwich of two thin film layers of photosensitive material. The first thin film layer is capable of producing multiple reference beams simultaneously. The second thin film layers is a "master" copy of the disk to be copied. Both layers are produced using known off-axis holographic techniques. A target disk, having an unexposed film of photosensitive material is located ajacent the second thin film layer. The source disk is illuminated with coherent light, preferably in the form of a conical beam with an apparent point of origin on an axis through the common centers of the source and target disks. Several optical elements capable of producing the conical beam are illustrated.

Abstract: A holograph high resolution contact printer for use in transferring high resolution information, which is in the form of a pattern on a transparency, from the transparency to the light-sensitive photoresist material front surface of a light-recording medium having a light insensitive substrate rear surface, in which the light-sensitive photoresist surface previously has been exposed to a preselected diffraction grating, but the recording medium has not been developed.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for the production of a rotationally symmetric, non-spherical optical element, in which one or more light beams are directed at a rotating light-sensitive medium, and a fixed opaque shield is situated over the light-sensitive medium to block a portion of the light beams from exposing the medium.

Abstract: A device for electro-optically, computer-controlled drawing of a plurality of mask patterns in a layer of light sensitive material disposed on a plane of a mask carrier characterized by a source of coherent light, a modulator for modulating the coherent light, a light detector for imposing a row-by-row scanning motion on the beam of light, an objective device for projecting the beam onto a layer of the light sensitive material, optical lenses arranged between the light deflector and the objective device for imaging the output plane of the light deflector onto a plane of the objective which includes an objective lens arrangement for focusing the beam and a multiplier hologram for splitting up the focused beam emerging from the objective lens arrangement into a plurality of identical sub-beams directed in different directions so that the plurality of spaced identical mask patterns are simultaneously formed in a light sensitive layer.

Abstract: A linear image composition device comprising a beam generator, a first rectangular beam producer for causing the beam generated by the beam generator to be a first parallel light beam with rectangular cross section, a second rectangular beam producer for causing the rectangular beam obtained by the first rectangular beam producer to be a second parallel light beam with rectangular cross section different from that of the first parallel light beam, and a beam condenser to which the parallel light beam with rectangular cross section produced in the record rectangular beam producer is applied.

Abstract: A method of producing a hologram with an orthoscopic, at least partially real image of an object is disclosed. According to the method, the object is recorded on a first hologram and is then reconstructed from this hologram and recorded on a second hologram. In taking the second hologram, solid objects are situated laterally with respect to the light-wave field reconstructing the object from the first hologram, and the solid objects are included in the second hologram. This technique permits reproduction of an image of the object which is viewable over a greater spatial region than would be the case if the laterally situated solid objects were omitted.

Abstract: A single flat sheet hologram is provided which when illuminated displays substantially a 360.degree. view of an object space. This is done by recording both left and right hand views of the object space on the single sheet of sensitive material.A flat sheet hologram composed of two emulsions, one recording the left side view and the other the right side view is also claimed. The views on these two holograms are coordinated so as to fix the corresponding points in space.