Abstract: A memory device formed of ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs). The memory device can be used as a front end buffer, such as in a data storage device having a non-volatile memory (NVM). A controller can be configured to transfer user data between the NVM and an external client (host) via the buffer. The FeFETs can be arranged in a two-dimensional (2D) or a three-dimensional (3D) array. A monitor circuit can be used to monitor operation of the FeFETs. An optimization controller can be used to adjust at least one operational parameter associated with the FeFETs responsive to the monitored operation by the monitor circuit. The FeFETs may require a refresh operation after each read operation. A power down sequence can involve a read operation without a subsequent refresh operation to wipe the FeFETs, the read operation jettisoning the data read from the buffer memory.

Abstract: A method for evaluating surface defects of a substrate to be bonded: preparing a mirror-polished silicon single crystal substrate; inspecting surface defects on the mirror-polished silicon single crystal substrate; depositing a polycrystalline silicon layer on a surface of the silicon single crystal substrate subjected to the defect inspection; performing mirror edge polishing to the silicon single crystal substrate having the polycrystalline silicon layer deposited thereon; polishing a surface of the polycrystalline silicon layer; inspecting surface defects on the polished polycrystalline silicon layer; and comparing coordinates of defects detected at the step of inspecting the surface defects on the silicon single crystal substrate with counterparts detected at the step of inspecting the surface defects on the polycrystalline silicone layer and determining quality of the silicon single crystal substrate having the polycrystalline silicon layer as a substrate to be bonded on the basis of presence/absence of

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for maintaining a mechanical apparatus, with the surface of a component thereof being damaged. In an embodiment, the method includes: taking at least one photograph for at least one component; processing the photograph to obtain geometric data of the component; comparing the data with a predetermined standard; and indicating the component meeting the predetermined standard.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustment turret comprising a base, a rotary control element, which can be rotated relative to the base about an axis of rotation, a display element, which can be rotated about the axis of rotation, and a mechanical coupling mechanism coupling the rotary control element together with the display element, the mechanical coupling mechanism being configured such that the display element can be rotated about the axis of rotation by the rotary control element into at least one rotational position of the rotary control element, wherein the coupling mechanism is configured such that during a full rotation of the rotary control element about the axis of rotation the display element can be rotated by the rotary control element relative to the base only about an angle of rotation which corresponds to part of a full rotation.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for parallel computing of a line of sight (LoS) map (e.g., view-shed) in a parallel computing system. For example, a method for computing an LoS map comprises the following steps. Data representing at least one image is obtained. An observation point in the at least one image is identified. A portion of the data that is associated with a given area in the image is partitioned into a plurality of sub-areas. The plurality of sub-areas are assigned to a plurality of processor elements of a parallel computing system, respectively, such that the data associated with each one of the plurality of sub-areas is processed independent from the data associated with each other of the plurality of sub-areas, wherein results of the processing by the processor elements represents the LoS map. The parallel computing system may be a multicore processor.

Abstract: In an integrated gimbal and High-Powered Multiband Laser (HPMBL) for use in an infrared countermeasure apparatus in a pod mounted on an aircraft, the improvement comprises an optical bench that connects the optical path between side-by-side mounted gimbal and high power laser; and a kinematic mounting system that prevents optical bench bending.

Abstract: A control unit calculates a difference between a displacement of a belt detected by an encoder and a predetermined target value, calculates a pulse frequency of a driving pulse signal based on a feedback control based on the difference and a feed-forward control based on a reference driving pulse frequency, sets a control range of the feedback control to be equal to or smaller than a frequency of one rotation of a driven roller, and controls driving of a pulse motor such that the belt moves at a constant speed.

Abstract: A controller for a toggle memory that performs burst writes by reading a group of bits in the toggle memory and comparing each received data word of the burst with a portion of the group to determine which cells to toggle to enter the data of the burst write in the toggle memory. In one example the toggle memory includes magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) with cells using multiple free magnetic layers that toggle between states when subjected to a sequence of magnetic pulses along two directions. Because one read is performed for a group of data of the burst, the time needed to perform the burst write is reduced.

Abstract: A capacitor charging semiconductor apparatus including a plurality of serially connected capacitors to be charged. A direct current source is applied to the plurality of capacitors. A plurality of bypass transistors is provided to bypass charge current supplied to the plurality of capacitors when a voltage of a capacitor exceeds a prescribed reference level. A plurality of parallel monitor circuits is provided to control the plurality of bypass transistors to equally charge the plurality of capacitors. A plurality of capacitor connection terminals is connected to both ends and intersections of the plurality of capacitors. A plurality of transistor connection terminals is connected to the plurality of control terminals of the bypass transistor. A prescribed number of capacitors is optionally charged by increasingly shorting a number of capacitor connection terminals from the highest and lower voltage side capacitor connection terminals.

Abstract: A working position measuring system, comprising a rotary laser device for irradiating and rotating a laser beam and a photodetection sensor device for receiving the laser beam and for detecting a working position, wherein the rotary laser device comprises a laser projector for projecting at least two fan-shaped beams with at least one beam tilted, and the photodetection sensor device comprises at least one photodetection unit for receiving the fan-shaped beams and an arithmetic unit for calculating an elevation angle relative to the rotary laser device based on photodetection signals produced when the photodetection unit receives the light beam.

Abstract: A periscopic optical training system for displaying simulation and real images includes a microprocessor for generating at least one simulation image, at least one display for displaying the simulation image, at least one periscopic device each with a viewing window for receiving the simulation and real images, and a controller for controlling the simulation and real images to be received by the periscopic device interchangeably or simultaneously.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an optical apparatus that provides for relatively aligning a first object with respect to a second reference object. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a generally rectangular substrate member with a reflective surface. At least one indicia is disposed in the reflective surface. The indicia can be one of the edges or can be lines that are ruled or etched in the reflective surface. In use, one of the edges can be positioned against some feature of the object to be aligned, often an edge of this object. The optical apparatus is then adjusted and/or the user moves his head so that a relevant portion of a second object is visualized. The optical apparatus and the first object are moved together until the image of the reference object is aligned appropriately with the edge. In another embodiment, the optical apparatus has a plurality of lines ruled, etched or positioned on the reflective surface. These lines can also be used to relatively align with the second object.

Abstract: A system that automatically aligns and stabilizes off-gimbal electro-optical passive and active sensors of an electro-optical system. The alignment and stabilization system dynamically boresights and aligns one or more sensor input beams and an output beam of a laser using automatic closed loop feedback, a reference detector and stabilization mirror disposed on a gimbal, off-gimbal optical-reference sources and two alignment mirrors. Aligning the one or more sensors and laser to the on-gimbal reference detector is equivalent to having the sensors and laser mounted on the stabilized gimbal with the stabilization mirror providing a common optical path for enhanced stabilization of both the sensor and laser lines of sight.

Abstract: The automated repeating sextant (ARS) is a navigational instrument suitable for air, sea and land use. The ARS uses an electronic artificial horizon, an A/D conversion board and either microchips or a computer, with software, to read a celestial body's altitude above the horizon repeatedly in a brief period of time, and then compute a line of position from a statistically enhanced mean altitude; after a second or any successive line of position has been obtained the instrument either provides the latitude and longitude of the navigator, or combines the latitude and longitude with a graphic portrayal of the position on a simplified grid map. The instrument averages numerous individual observations and is relatively small, light and fast. The ARS may be embodied in a fully automated, continually-operating mode with a micro-computer, or may be embodied in a handheld version that is switched on and off.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for materializing in space a point whose coordinates in a system of reference axes are known, comprising:an optical aiming apparatus, occupying a pre-determined position with respect to said system of axes and making it possible to determine, in said system of axes, the coordinates of any point aimed at, anda tooling assembly comprising a stand, one part at least of which is movable with respect to said system of axes and a hemispherical ball joint mounted in a spherical concave seat fixed to said movable part of the stand, the center of said ball joint being marked so as to be visible by said aiming apparatus.

Abstract: Appartaus is disclosed for harmonizing onto a common reference axis the optical/optronic axes (4;5;18) of an aiming apparatus consisting of day sight channel (3) and combined thermal image/laser reception channel (1) with a stand alone laser transmitter (2). The laser radiation (9) reflected by the target is incident together with the target and ambient inherent radiation (11) via the scanning mirror (12) on selected elements of the detector row array (30), is optoelectronically converted and represented on the light-emitting diode array (25). Via the back of the mirror the signals are imaged on the retina by means of the deflection mirror (23) swung into the ray path. The visible radiatioin (19) imaged in the plane of the day reticle (21) also passes to the observer's eye when the deflection mirror is swung out. The visible radiation (19) in the day sight channel (3) can be observed when the deflection mirror is swung out via an imaging in the plane of the day reticle (21).

Abstract: A display is disclosed for indicating in the peripheral vision of a viewer the deviation between the actual position of a target and a reference position such as an aiming point. Light sources are arranged around a common circle which is of a particular size such that when viewed from a particular distance, the viewer sees the display by peripheral vision. There are two sets of light sources, one of which indicates the azimuth and elevation deviations of the target from the aiming point and the other of which may be used to indicate range. The direction of azimuth and elevation deviation is indicated by flashing selected light sources around the circle and the magnitude of deviation is indicated by flashing those light sources at a flash rate indicative of the magnitude. Range is indicated by causing the second set of light sources around the circle to illuminate upon attainment by the target of a certain range.

Abstract: Celestial navigational instrument and method of determination of local latitude and local hour angle of Aries by a single sighting on the night sky. Greenwich hour angle of Aries and latitude are obtained by simple reference to the instrument's scales and to a watch and Nautical Almanac; sight reduction tables, plotting boards and charts are not required. The instrument comprises a sky assembly and a horizon assembly. The sky assembly includes a closed central axial tube on which are rotatably mounted a combined periscope/telescope tube for sighting a first star and a periscope tube for sighting a second star, the siderial hour angular positions of both of which are set with respect to a single sky wheel and the polar distances of each periscope turret with respect to protractor scales. The horizon assembly comprises a periscope/telescope assemby mounted on the central axial tube and indexed to a horizon wheel and protractor scale to read the local hour angle of Aries and local latitude.

Abstract: An optical device for vertically positioning a sextant to minimize the "tilt error" which occurs in a measured angle of altitude whenever the sextant is not held orthogonal to the horizon. The optical device can be fixed to the sextant and provides in the sextant's viewing area a secondary horizon which will align with the direct horizon only when the sextant is in a vertical orientation. The device is capable of periodic calibration and can be pivoted out of the line of sight when the sextant's user is initially locating the celestial body whose altitude is being measured.

Abstract: Uniquely integrating a search mirror and a deflection mirror with a passive ptical rangefinder and a remote sextant, enhances the operation of both devices. The improved rangefinder/sextant provides day/night 360.degree. azimuthal and at least -5.degree. to about 60.degree. elevational search capability with the additional capability of pointing the search mirror at a navigational star in a direction different from that of an imaging camera. Thus, the imaging camera, can be pointed at the sea horizon that is least obscured by haze and/or sea clutter, thereby allowing altitude readings under adverse conditions.

Abstract: A reflector for electrooptical measurement of the distance between a first (3) and a second point (4) is arranged with a right angle sighting device (13) in a common case (8). The reflector (6) may thus be set up at a point (5) where the directions to the first (3) and second points (4) form a right angle. This facilitates the distance measurement between points (3, 4) that are not suited for the set up of reflectors or where visual contact between the points (3, 4) is impaired by an obstacle (1).

Abstract: An instrument having an annular body and a pair of independently and selectively-adjustable periscopes for transmitting the superimposed images of two reference stars (or other selected celestial objects) to a viewer for the purpose of directing orientation of the instrument so that its central axis will be parallel with the polar axis and an identifiable point on the perimeter of its scaled annular body will be directed towards Aries. From such a single sighting, the user obtains nearly all of the information required to compute his own longitude and latitude, the only other information being readily obtainable from an almanac and a timepiece.

Abstract: An instrument for taking bearings of objects, particularly for use in coastal navigation, has a main body with one or two arms pivoted to the body. A first object is sighted through the main body, over the top of a plane mirror. Once a zero line of the main body is lined up on one object, the or one of the pivoted arms is swung out from the main body to point at a second object. The arm which is swung out is coupled to a second mirror arranged in the main body, so that as the arm is swung out, the second mirror rotates in the same direction and through half the angle that the arm turns through. Light rays from the second object are reflected from this second mirror to the first mirror in the main body, and then back to the eye of the observer. When the instrument is correctly adjusted, the observer will see the first object over the top of the first mirror and the second object in the first mirror, just below the first object.