Abstract: A method for the selection of proper colors for individual wearers depending upon the underlying color of the skin of the wearer and the intensity thereof. The method includes the steps of providing a group of classifications of color temperature, preferably four in number, and using a spectrophotometer, or a draping technique of material to determine the color temperatures of the skin of the user, and a determination of the classification in which those color temperatures fall is made. A predetermined group of colors are classified within each category, so that upon determination of the proper classification for an individual user, reference may be made to the proper predetermined group of colors as a guide for appropriate apparel, cosmetic make up, or hair tint selection.

Abstract: A color match predictability system having a color sample, a predictability guide with sections having varying degrees of halftones, a spectrophotometer, and a computer with input and output devices. A light is directed at the color sample and then passed into the spectrophotometer where its color spectrum is analyzed, converted into data, and fed to the computer. A colorant formulation is calculated by the computer for the original color sample and for a series of modified samples including different halftone sections superimposed on the original color sample. The quality of the color match for the various formulations is analyzed to determine the formulation having the best possible color match. The modified sample having the best color match may be viewed by the user to predict the color of the final product.

Abstract: Colors of sections of several beef carcasses are measured and the colors are classified into a predetermined number of grades of tone. Colored silicon plastic sol is poured in a glass cell for each grade, and the color of each plastic sol is matched with the classified beef color. The plastic sol is poured into a female mold having an irregular surface resembling a surface of a section of a beef, and the plastic is taken out from the female mold when it becomes gel.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for obtaining an accurate half-tone dot percent of each color separation where a color designated by a color specimen is to be reproduced by printing of ink of the colors, for example, yellow, magenta, cyan and black. A variety of color charts printed using predetermined combinations of half-tone dot percents are optically measured to obtain color information of the colors printed on the color charts. The obtained color information values together with the corresponding predetermined combinations of half-tone dot percents therefor are then utilized to prepare a conversion table of color information and corresponding half-tone dot percents for reproducing each of the colors printed on the color charts. A color specimen is then optically measured to detect color information of a color to be reproduced.

Abstract: A scale device for use in judging the amount of discoloration or fading, or for judging the amount of staining, of a sample after a test of the sample for light fastness of dyeing or resistance to staining. The scale device has a plurality of scales of the same color having a plurality of patches with one portion of each patch having the same luminous reflectance and the other portions of the respective patches having successively varied luminous reflectances so as to give to the patches progressive values of color difference. The luminous reflectance of the one portions of the patches of each scale are different from the luminous reflectances of the one patches of the other scales. Four of the scales are arranged in a rhombic arrangement and the remainder of the scales are in a cross shape within the rhombic arrangement.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a set of dental color indicator devices and a method of selecting dental colors. Each indicator device has a number of color samples arranged in a regular array. Each of the samples corresponds to the color at a corresponding location in an identical array formed on one of a plurality of transverse parallel cuts through an elongate substantially elipsoid body which represents the possible range of dental colors when graphically represented on a color co-ordinate system, such as the CIELAB psycometric color system or the Munsell visual color system. The selected color is either the color of one of the samples or a mixture of the color of two adjacent samples.

Abstract: A method of colorimetrically evaluating a sheet printed on both sides thereof by means of a scanning densitometer having a mechanically controlled measuring head which is guided along a print control strip, to be evaluated and which produces a multiplicity of color density values representing color properties of the control strip, which includes assigning respective control strip measurement fields for different colors to respective printed parts on mutually opposite first form and perfector sides of a sheet, and forming a common control strip set out of all of the measurement fields, assigning to the measurement fields abbreviations for each of the respective ink colors in accordance with the colors to be printed, and introducing into a measuring system the color abbreviations assigned to the respective printing colors and to the respective sides of the sheet.

Abstract: A hand held and hand operated apparatus for analysis of the relationship between numerical values and displayed greyscale of pixels making up an image matrix. The apparatus has a pair of relatively movable members that are located relative to each other to display a greyscale in comparison relationship to window and level scales used to provide rapid analysis of a greyscale distribution of a given image. The members comprise a first cylindrical member concentrically accommodating a cylindrical sleeve. The first member has viewing ports ruled with scales representing values of selected window and level. The sleeve has the greyscale which can be selectively longitudinally and rotatably positioned relative to a viewing port to provide analysis information concerning the greyscale distribution of an image, such as the image on an X-ray film or displayed on a CRT.

Abstract: Guides to facilitate color grading of faceted gemstones such as rubies and sapphires. Each guide has a series of simulated standards thereon representing a range of grades for a particular class of colored stones and serving as reference points for comparing an unknown therewith in a standardized lighting environment. The guide is constituted by a strip of reflective metal, foil or metallized film sandwiched between a back panel and a top panel having a row of port holes therein, each exposing a reflective zone on the strip. The zone is embossed to create a radial array of wedge-shaped segments, each of which is serrated to define a series of prism-like steps that run from the apex to the base of the segment to provide a pattern simulating the reflective properties of a step-cut faceted stone. Interposed between each zone and its associated hole is a planar optical filter whose coloration is such that in combination with the underlying reflective zone, it creates a respective color grade in the range thereof.

Abstract: The inventive method, which provides an accurate, objective and readily reproduceable characterization of the total colored appearance of a gemstone, includes the steps of identifying the main and overlay colors of an illuminated gemstone from among a predetermined set of primary colors by comparison of the stone with a series of reference color charts representing standard samples of the primary colors and of composite mixtures of the primary colors, identifying by comparison the proportion of overlay color to main color in each stone with respect to such proportion in the selected color chart to determine the overlay level, identifying the color saturation of the composite coloration of the gemstone by comparison with the selected color chart to determine the zone of coloration of the stone, and overlaying a color mask and the selected color chart to identify the degree of color masking present in the gemstone.

Abstract: An improved method for visually comparing the results of colorimetric analytical tests to a color reference standard, enabling substantially improved quantitation to be achieved for such tests, is disclosed. Also disclosed is improved apparatus, in the form of an improved color comparision reference standard, which is useful in the method. In one embodiment, the standard can comprise a plurality of colored reference areas of differing hues corresponding to discrete reference values and to which a colored response area of a colorimetric analytical test can be compared to determine the reference value most closely related to the hue of the colored response area, and a background area against which the colored reference areas are displayed.

Abstract: A device for film-mounting print control strips at a precise level and in registry including a foil forming a template for a mounting foil when mounting a print control strip, the foil template containing ink and measuring-field information necessary for the film mounting at a precise level and in registry, and further containing a characteristic of printing plate centers.

Abstract: A photographic accessory, for application to a body surface and other medical and scientific uses, having dimensional graduations and color patches to facilitate correlation of photographic data with the actual size and color of the surface in question.

Abstract: A color reference data base and method of making same by preparing colored swatches on photographic media corresponding to a plurality of color points located in the data base working area and placing each such colored swatch at its respective point within the working area, such colored swatches being prepared by selecting a set of up to three colored filters the color constituents of which, when located in the working area, determine a filter triangle such that the color point of the colored swatch or the complement thereof lies within or on the filtered triangle, determining the saturation time for each colored filter for the particular photographic media being used, computing the filter percentage needed for each colored filter, multiplying the saturation time for each colored filter by its respective filter percentage to determine its exposure time, exposing the photographic media through each colored filter for its respective exposure time, and developing the exposed photographic media.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the colorimetric testing of non-opaque fluids that comprises compact test kit apparatus made from readily available plastic components, and sets of such test kits made even more compact by a combination of chemistries for certain tests that simplifies and improves the accuracy of those tests while reducing the number of test kits required in a set. The colorimeter component of each test kit provides non-opaque colored plastic windows made from readily available commercial materials that are accurately color controlled. The colorimeter also makes automatic correction of the color windows to compensate for any initial coloration in the fluid being tested. The colorimeter also serves as the container for one complete kit and allows a set of kits to hang from closely spaced hooks to conserve space and make them exceptionally convenient to use.

Abstract: A method of optimizing reproduction processes including the steps of preparing a physical standard, measuring the filtration and exposure values or densities used in preparing the standard, separating the image used in producing the standard into its color constituents using filtration values that are a function of those employed in making the standard, using a reproduction process to make many replicates of the standard, comparing representative samples of the replicate with the standard upon which the separations were based to measure the average difference in densities between the standard and such replicates, adjusting the filtration used in making the separations in response to such average differences until subsequent comparisons between subsequent standards yield average differences between acceptable, predetermined limits.